肺栓塞误诊为冠心病22例原因分析

肺栓塞(pulmonaryembolism,PE)是由于内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征,为了提高PE的认识和诊断水平,现将我院1998年1月～2004年12月确诊为PE42例中被误诊为冠心病的22例PE患者分析报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组42例PE中误诊为     

老年慢性充血性心力衰竭合并肺栓塞的临床误诊分析

目的总结12例老年慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）合并肺栓塞（PE）的临床资料,分析误诊原因,以提高PE的确诊率,降低误诊率。方法回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2010年收入院的12例老年CHF合并PE的临床资料。结果 8例入院时误诊为冠心病心力衰竭症状加重;1例误诊为冠心病急性心肌梗死泵功能Ⅳ,1例误诊为肺部感染,2例误诊为肺心病右心功能衰竭。结论 CHF合并PE的误诊率高,对高度怀疑PE者要更详细的追问病史、详细的体格检查,结合血气分析、心电图、超声心动图及D-二聚体、胸部增强CT,以助尽快确诊。     

肺栓塞误诊为冠心病10例分析

肺栓塞(Pulmonary Embolism,PE)的临床表现缺乏特异性,加之临床医师还缺乏足够的诊断意识,致使该病极易漏诊;另一方面,即使注意到一些临床表现也因其极易与其他心血管病,特别是冠心病混淆而误诊。本文回顾性分析了近一年来我院连续收治的50例PE患者,首诊误诊17例,误诊率34％,其中10例误诊为冠心病,占误诊病种构成比的58.8％。现将这10例患者误诊原因分析如下,以提高对该病的认识,减少误诊。     

67例肺栓塞患者相关临床资料分析

目的研究分析肺栓塞（PE）首诊、误诊状况，及确诊后有效干预（抗凝、溶栓）疗效，旨在提高对PE首诊确诊率，尽快实施有效治疗。方法通过对我科2001年8月-2006年8月67例PE病例研究，对被误诊患者一般情况，治疗及转归、死亡原因、误诊疾病进行回顾性分析。结果（1）67例PE患者，首诊误诊23例，误诊时间2h-3d。（2）PE患者经确诊后进行有效干预（抗凝、溶栓）组，有效率高于未干预（内科保守治疗）组。未干预组死亡原因主要为猝死、休克难以纠正等，干预组死亡原因为猝死、脑出血、休克等。（3）首次误诊疾病多达10余种，前3位依次是心力衰竭13例（56．5％）、冠心病6例（26．1％）、重症肺炎4例（17．4％）。结论（1）误诊原因与首诊医师对PE病情不能充分认识有关。（2）加强PE与心力衰竭、冠心病、重症肺炎的鉴别诊断能力。     

肺心病合并冠心病诊断标准的商讨

肺心病合并冠心病并非罕见,因目前尚无统一的诊断标准,故易漏诊或误诊。本文就我院确诊双心病29例,作一分析,并对诊断标准加以探讨。临床资料1.病例选择标准：本组肺心病的诊断标准均符合全国第二次肺心病会议修订的肺心病诊断[1]。冠心病则根据ISW／WHO诊断标准诊断[2]。2.一般资料;发病年龄41～80岁、其中男21例,女8例。病程13～39年,平均20年以上。3．住院原因：肺心病合并冠心病因心力衰竭入院17例．其中右心衰竭15例,全心衰2例;因肺部感染入院者11例;因心绞痛入院1例。讨论1．肺心病合并冠心病的发病率：国外Rees等报告,…     

肺栓塞25例临床分析

肺动脉栓塞简称肺栓塞(Pulmomary Embolism,PE)由于缺乏特征性的临床症状和体征,临床诊断相当困难,其误诊和漏诊率很高.据统计,在美国每年有50万新发病例,发病率在心血管疾病中仅次于冠心病和高血压[1].在我国该病的发病率也在逐年增加[2].为提高临床医师对PE的认识,及早作出正确的诊断和治疗,现将我院2004年10月-2008年6月收治的25例PE患者的临床资料回顾分析如下.     

肺栓塞13例误诊分析

肺栓塞(pu lmonory embolism,PE)是内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征,是许多疾病的1种严重并发症,具有较高的发病率。由于其临床表现缺乏特异性,使其漏诊误诊率较高,虽然现代先进诊断技术高度发展,肺栓塞的误诊率仍在70%以上〔1〕。我科自2000年10月至2005年10月,共收治肺栓塞18例,误诊13例,误诊72·2%,现报道如下:1临床资料1.1一般资料本组13例PE中男9例,女4例。年龄22~78岁。误诊肺炎5例,胸膜炎1例,肺原性心脏病心力衰竭1例,风心病房颤心力衰竭1例,冠心病、心绞痛1例,心肌梗死1例,支气管哮喘1…     

肺动脉栓塞11例临床误诊分析

目的：提高对肺动脉栓塞（PE）的认识和诊断水平，方法：回顾性分析11例PE患者的临床资料及误诊情况，结果：误诊原因与临床医对PET的诊断意识不强，易患因素不重视，不认识及PET自身临床表现、辅助检查不具有特异性有关。结论：提高对PE的认识，及时行有关检查，减少误诊发生。     

术后发生急性肺栓塞误诊率和死亡率高的原因与介入治疗的有效性

目的：分析术后发生急性肺栓塞（PE）死亡率高的原因及治疗对策。方法：采用肺动脉造影及临床综合手段,诊断了9例术后发生急性PE。结果：9例患初诊全部误诊,其中6例死亡（67％）;介入治疗使致死性性PE迅速摆脱临床症状。结论：术后发生的急性PE误诊率高,死亡率高,应提高医师的诊断意识和诊断水平;术后溶栓药物受限时,应考虑介入治疗。     

肺栓塞误诊为冠心病的临床分析

目的：对肺栓塞误诊为冠心病的病例进行临床分析。方法：对肺栓塞中误诊的病例进行重组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗。其中23例给予合心爽、华法林等药物治疗,4例同时行下腔静脉滤器植入术。结果：胸痛、胸闷症状好转或消失。结论：误诊患者分析原因包括错误的认为PE是一种少见的疾病,多数患者临床表现缺乏PE典型三联征及X线胸片典型阴影等特异性表现等。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.