芒柄花黄素诱导膀胱癌细胞凋亡作用

目的探讨芒柄花黄素诱导膀胱癌细胞凋亡的作用及机制。方法采用不同浓度(20、40、80μmol/L)芒柄花黄素处理膀胱癌细胞,采用噻唑蓝法观察芒柄花黄素对膀胱癌T-24和BIU-87细胞的增殖的抑制作用,使用流式细胞术及Hoechst 33258染色检测T-24和BIU-87细胞凋亡率,采用RT-PCR检测T-24细胞Bcl-2 mRNA表达;western blot检测T-24细胞p-p38蛋白激酶、Bcl-2蛋白含量变化。结果与对照组比较,40、80μmol/L芒柄花黄素组T-24和BIU-87细胞增殖率下降、细胞凋亡率明显升高,Hoechst33258染色显示T-24细胞呈凋亡状态;40、80μmol/L芒柄花黄素组T-24细胞Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平[(0.701±0.029)、(0.408±0.036)]均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与对照组比较,20、40、80μmol/L芒柄花黄素组T-24细胞p-p38蛋白激酶活性水平[(0.483±0.026)、(0.569±0.031)、(0.935±0.037)]均升高,Bcl-2蛋白含量[(0.998±0.034)、(0.591±0.030)、(0.426±0.027)]均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论芒柄花黄素可诱导膀胱癌T-24和BIU-87细胞凋亡、抑制细胞生长,其机制可能与下调Bcl-2蛋白表达并活化p38蛋白激酶有关。     

反义寡核苷酸作用后肝癌细胞端粒酶活性的变化及差异蛋白的表达

目的利用针对端粒酶RNA的反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)和正义寡核苷酸(NODN)作用于人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721,比较ASODN和NODN作用后癌细胞端粒酶活性及相关蛋白的变化。方法利用实时荧光定量端粒重复序列扩增法(FQ-TRAP法),检测ASODN和NODN作用后肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性变化;蛋白质芯片-飞行时间质谱仪,检测ASODN和NODN作用后特异蛋白质的变化。对照组为未加任何处理因素的SMMC-7721细胞。结果FQ-TRAP法检测CT值,A-SODN组为35.2±2.3,NODN组为26.1±3.5,对照组为18.2±0.7。蛋白质芯片-飞行时间质谱仪检测发现,ASODN组有19个差异蛋白分子高表达,13个差异蛋白分子低表达。NODN组有20个差异蛋白分子高表达,12个差异蛋白分子低表达。所有差异蛋白的分子量分布在3 000 D~10 000 D之间。结论ASODN和NODN均能抑制肝癌细胞端粒酶活性,两者作用SMMC-7721细胞后所表达的差异蛋白十分相似。     

尿液蛋白质组学在膀胱尿路上皮癌早期诊断中的应用

目的 寻找膀胱尿路上皮癌(BUC)患者与健康志愿者尿液蛋白质组学差异,为BUC的早期诊断奠定基础.方法 采用25％乙醇沉淀法制备尿液双向电泳样品,尿液蛋白经双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)分离后行考马斯亮蓝染色,利用PDQuest8.0 2D凝胶图像分析软件进行分析,所得差异蛋白点用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间串联质谱仪(MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS)进行肽序测定,结合Swiss-Prot蛋白质数据库对差异蛋白进行初步鉴定,并应用Western blot方法对差异蛋白在两组间的差异表达情况进行验证.结果 获得了分辨率和重复性均较好的双向电泳图谱.BUC组与对照组凝胶的蛋白质点数分别为(789±18)个和(762± 14)个;与对照组比较,BUC组有6个蛋白质点表达明显下调,11个蛋白质点表达明显上调.经质谱分析后,初步鉴定了5种蛋白质,分别为纤维蛋白原、乳酸脱氢酶B、载脂蛋白A1、丛生蛋白和触珠蛋白,均在BUC组呈表达增高趋势.Western blot验证了双向凝胶电泳结果.结论 BUC患者与健康志愿者的尿液蛋白质组存在明显的差异,差异蛋白的鉴定为进一步寻找BUC早期诊断的分子标志物提供了研究基础和依据.     

Leptin对人单核细胞CD86和HLA—DR表达的影响

目的探讨Leptin对人单核细胞协同刺激分子和HLA—DR表达的影响,为阐明瘦素在抗感染免疫中的作用提供依据。方法采用流式细胞术检测THP-1细胞和人外周血单核细胞表面CD86和HIA—DR的表达变化。结果经高浓度瘦素处理后,THP-1细胞CD86和HLA-DR的表达明显增强（CD86未处理组：8．78±1．66,CD86keption10：50．76±4．29,CD86keption100：95．20±4．90;HLA未处理组：20．75±2．12,HLAkeption10 102．14±5．75,HLAkeption：104．32±4．75）。人外周血单核细胞表面的CD86和HLA—DR的表达也出现了类似增加的现象（CD86未处理组：17．91±1．78,CD86keption100：48．80±3．60;HLA未处理组：34．10±2．76,HLAkeption100：88．86±3．53）。结论瘦素可以上调人单核细胞表面协同刺激分子和MHC-II类分子的表达,从而增强单核细胞的抗原提呈功能。     

盐酸小檗碱影响表皮葡萄球菌形成生物被膜差异蛋白的筛选

目的寻找盐酸小檗碱抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜形成前后表达差异的蛋白质分子,并对这些差异蛋白进行功能分类。方法首先构建表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜阳性模型,采用快速银染法鉴定盐酸小檗碱作用前后,表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜形成情况;然后应用CRA平板法检测药物作用前后,表皮葡萄球菌产生多糖-胞间多糖黏附素(PIA)的能力;分别提取药物作用前后细菌总蛋白,采用改良双向电泳技术进行分离,并对差异蛋白点进行HPLC-CHIP/MS鉴定。结果在合适的培养条件下,表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜形成阳性;药物处理后,生物被膜减少或消失,且PIA生成能力减弱,表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜模型构建成功。通过电泳分离,在药物处理组共分离蛋白点(764±12.40)个,在非药物处理对照组共分离蛋白点数(836±9.23)个,经比对共得到23个差异表达的蛋白分子,其中13个仅在药物处理组表达升高,有10个仅在非药物处理对照组表达升高;对这些差异蛋白进行功能鉴定发现,这些蛋白参与了细菌的生长、繁殖和代谢等多个环节,细菌代谢17.24%、信号通路16.09%、氧化磷酸13.79%、细菌骨架17.82%、蛋白合成13.22%、蛋白降解4.60%、转录调节12.64%、其他4.60%。结论盐酸小檗碱可以有效减弱表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜的形成,分离得到的差异表达蛋白分子为后续细菌耐药机制的研究奠定基础。     

血必净注射液和美能联合治疗药物性肝病的临床疗效观察

目的将血必清注射液与美能相联合,对治疗药物性肝病的效果进行研究。方法随机选择药物性肝病患者35例,分成两组。对照组17例,单独使用美能进行内科治疗,治疗组18例,采用血必净注射液与美能联合治疗,在进行内科注射的同时,采用0.9%NaCl注射液100 mL加上血必净注射液50 mL/d进行静脉注射。结果治疗组的显效时间平均为（16.89±6.57）d,达到88.89%的改善率,对照组的显效时间平均为（24.98±10.96）d,达到82.35%的改善率,相比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论将血必清注射液与美能联合对药物性肝病进行治疗,效果要比单独使用美能要好。     

吡柔比星联合二烯丙三硫抑制膀胱癌细胞生长的协同作用研究

目的探讨吡柔比星(THP)联合二烯丙三硫(DATS)对膀胱癌细胞T24的协同杀伤效应及其机制。方法 MTT法、TUNEL法、流式细胞仪分别检测THP、DATS及二者联合对T24细胞生长、细胞周期及凋亡的影响;western-blot测定Bcl-2、Bax的表达变化;比色法测定caspase-3活性。结果 THP、DATS均能抑制T24细胞生长,DATS可明显提高THP的杀伤效应;THP(0.25mg/L)联合DATS(3mg/L)作用48h的细胞生存率为(32.3±2.6)%,低于单独应用THP(63.2±1.4)%和DATS(61.9±4.2)%,二者具有协同抑瘤作用;联合药物组可明显提高细胞凋亡率及G2/M期细胞比率,并更能显著抑制Bcl-2的表达,促进caspase-3的活性增加。结论 THP联合DATS可通过共同诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡发挥协同作用,抑制膀胱癌细胞生长,该机制可能与细胞周期阻滞、Bcl-2的表达及caspase-3的活性变化有关。     

不同抗生素对耻垢分枝杆菌细胞蛋白质差异表达

目的 利用蛋白质组学方法,识别乙胺丁醇(EMB)、异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RIF)处理前后耻垢分枝杆菌mc2 155细胞差异表达的蛋白质,探讨3种抗生素抑制分枝杆菌生长的作用机制及寻找新的抗结核药物作用靶标.方法 采用载体两性电解质pH梯度双向凝胶电泳技术分离乙胺丁醇、异烟肼、利福平处理前后耻垢分枝杆菌mc2155细胞的总蛋白质,用PDQuest 7.3.1图像分析软件比较分析,以识别比较差异表达的蛋白质.结果 不同浓度的乙胺丁醇、异烟肼和利福平对耻垢分枝杆菌细胞的增殖均有不同程度的抑制作用.处理3 h时,耻垢分枝杆菌mc2155细胞增殖首次受到明显抑制;3种抗生素最佳处理浓度分别为:乙胺丁醇24.0 μg/ml,异烟肼0.08μg/ml,利福平0.8μg/ml.比较蛋白质组分析显示,对照组有155个蛋白斑点,乙胺丁醇处理组有蛋白斑点147个,异烟肼处理组有蛋白斑点235个,利福平处理组有蛋白斑点161个.对照组、乙胺丁醇处理组,异烟肼处理组和利福平处理组的蛋白斑点的分布明显不同.结论 3种抗生素处理前后,耻垢分枝杆菌mc2 155细胞蛋白质组的差异分析有助于进一步研究抗生素的作用机制,并为寻找新的抗结核药物作用靶标提供基础依据.     

结核肺组织与正常肺组织蛋白质组双向电泳图谱的差异分析

目的对结核肺组织与正常肺组织双向电泳图谱进行比较分析,筛选差异表达蛋白质。方法利用双向电泳分离结核组及正常组总蛋白质,并通过计算机图像分析软件分析电泳图谱。结果在结核肺组织中检测有效蛋白点数为(190±11)个,正常肺组织中检测有效蛋白点数为(179±5)个。发现两者间共有15个差异蛋白点,蛋白点分子量(Mr)主要分布于15kD～80kD,PI为3～10。4个点在病灶组织中表达上调,11个点在病灶组织中表达下调。结论通过双向凝胶电泳和图像分析技术对结核肺组织及正常肺组织蛋白质组进行研究,获得了结核组与正常组的差异蛋白点,为进一步利用质谱分析技术做差异蛋白质鉴定奠定了基础,并为肺结核的早期诊断、发病机制探索、病情监测提供依据。     

血必净对重症急性胰腺炎患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮浓度的影响

目的 探讨血必净注射液对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者血浆内皮素(ET)和一氧化氮(NO)浓度的影响及其对SAP的治疗作用.方法 将73例SAP患者随机分为治疗组37例和观察组36例.治疗组采用基础治疗+血必净注射液;观察组仅使用基础治疗.同时以健康体检者20例作为对照组.两组治疗前后均检测血浆ET、NO以及血淀粉酶浓度.结果 SAP组血浆ET、NO较对照组明显增高,其增高程度与SAP病程相关.治疗组入院第6天血浆ET、NO与观察组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);血淀粉酶、腹痛缓解时间及住院时间均较观察组明显缩短[(80.4±16.0) U/L比( 160.9±49.7) U/L、(3.5±1.2)d比(6.4±2.6)d、(16.8±3.8)d比(26.4±5.9)d](P＜0.Ol).结论 血必净注射液能拮抗SAP时ET、NO产生,并对SAP具有良好的治疗作用,前者可能与血必净注射液的作用机制有关.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.