网络成瘾对青少年注意功能的影响

目的 探讨网络成瘾对青少年注意功能的影响. 方法 对符合网络成瘾诊断标准的青少年和无网络成瘾倾向的青少年各18例分别进行有关注意功能的神经心理学测评,对比了解网络成瘾组注意功能损害程度;利用听觉和视觉Oddball范式,刺激包括标准刺激、靶刺激和新异刺激,采集脑电后分析网络成瘾组和对照组对新异刺激和靶刺激所产生的P3a、P3b的差异. 结果 网络成瘾组与对照组相比,神经心理学测评中出现明显的注意功能下降,事件相关电位检测中对新异刺激(计算机开机声音和画面)所形成的P3a的潜伏期缩短、波幅升高,而对靶刺激所形成的P3b的潜伏期延长、波幅下降. 结论 网络成瘾造成青少年注意功能下降,与P300变化具有一定的相关性.     

不同程度抑郁症患者认知功能及事件相关电位P300的研究

目的:探讨抑郁症患者认知功能损害特点,及其与事件相关电位(ERP)P300的关系。方法:64例诊断符合《国际疾病分类》第10版(ICD-10)的抑郁症患者分为30例中重度抑郁症组(A组)和34例轻度抑郁症组(B组);对其分别进行威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、韦氏成人记忆量表(WMS)和ERP-P300检查,并与30例正常对照者(C组)进行对比,分析WCST、WMS评分与P300指标的关系。结果:A组WCST中完成分类数(Cc)、持续性错误数(Rpe)、随机错误数(NRpe),WMS中长时记忆、短时记忆、瞬时记忆、记忆商数、P300的N2、P3a、P3b潜伏期和波幅与C组间差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);B组Cc、NRpe、短时记忆、瞬时记忆、记忆商数、P300的N2、P3a、P3b波幅与C组间差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);A组Cc、Rpe、长时记忆、记忆商数及P300的N2、P3a、P3b潜伏期与B组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且ERP-N2、P3b潜伏期与长时记忆分呈负相关(r=-0.467,-0.523,P0.05);P300的N2、P3a、P3b潜伏期与Rpe呈正相关(r=0.657,0.573,0.763,P0.05);ERP-N2、P3b波幅与短时记忆和瞬时记忆分呈正相关(r=0.478,0.434,0.532,0.541;P均0.05),与NRpe呈负相关(r=-0.489,-0.532,P均0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者存在注意转移、记忆、执行功能等方面的认知功能障碍,抑郁程度与其认知功能损害的程度相关,P300指标的异常可反映认知功能损害。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者事件诱发电位P300的研究

目的：探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者事件诱发电位P300的特点。方法：对30例酒精所致精神障碍患者（研究组）和31名正常人（正常对照组）进行事件诱发电位P300的检测,并与正常对照组进行配对t检验和相关分析。结果：与正常对照组比较,酒精所致精神障碍患者P300潜伏期N2、P3显著延长（t=2．318,沁2．335;P〈0．05）;P300波幅N1、N2、P3显著降低（t=-2．414;t=-2．613,t=-4．453;P〈0．05或P〈0．001）。相关分析显示,酒精所致精神障碍患者饮酒年限以及饮酒量与P300潜伏期、波幅之间无明显相关（r=-0．128～-0．274,r=-0．075～0．328;P均〉0．05）。结论：酒精所致精神障碍患者存在认知功能损害,P300可作为酒精所致精神障碍患者检测项目之一。     

无抽搐电休克治疗首发精神分裂症患者P300的对照研究

目的：观察无抽搐电休克（MECT）治疗首发精神分裂症患者前后事件相关电位P300的变化,探讨MECT对认知功能的影响。方法：应用美国脑诱发电位仪,对48例精神分裂症患者和50名正常者在MECT治疗前后进行P300检测,观察MECT治疗前后P300的变化。结果：与正常组比较,患者组P300中的靶刺激N2和P3潜伏期延迟（P〈0．01）,靶刺激P3波幅降低（P〈0．05）。患者组经过MECT治疗后P300靶刺激N2和P3潜伏期均有所缩短（P〈0．05）,靶刺激P3波幅升高（P〈0．01）。结论：MECT治疗精神分裂症患者后P300有显著变化,MECT可以改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能。     

高校学生网络成瘾行为调查分析

目的：探讨在校大学生网络成瘾现状及其与心理健康水平的关系。方法：采用网络成瘾测查表、Beck焦虑量表（BAI）和Beck抑郁问卷（BDI）对746名在校大学生进行问卷调查;并依据网络成瘾测查表总分≥40分者纳入网络成瘾组（成瘾组）172名,〈40分纳入非网络成瘾组（非成瘾组）574名。结果：在校大学生网络成瘾发生率为23.06%。成瘾组以男性为多（P=0.000）;上网目的以聊天和玩游戏为主（P=0.000）;上网地点多在校外（P〈0.05）。成瘾组BAI和BDI评分平均分别为（29.90±8.43）分和（14.05±9.72）分,均显著高于非成瘾组（25.37±5.32）分和（7.83±6.58）分（P〈0.001）。线性逐步回归分析提示,焦虑和抑郁是网络成瘾行为的主要影响因素。结论：网络成瘾大学生的心理健康水平明显差于非网络成瘾者;具有焦虑和抑郁症状的大学生更容易形成网络成瘾行为。     

某军校大学生网络成瘾与自尊关系研究

目的 探讨军校大学生网络成瘾行为与自尊的关系.方法 采用大学生自尊评定问卷（SEQU）和大学生网络成瘾类型问卷（TIASU）对300名军校大学生进行调查.结果 自尊重要感维度与网络成瘾及各因子呈正相关（P＜0.01）;外表感维度与除网络信息成瘾因子外网络成瘾及各因子呈正相关（P＜0.05）.重要感维度和胜任感维度进入回归方程,重要感维度对网络成瘾有正向预测力（t=5.829;P ＜0.01）,而胜任感维度却对网络成瘾具有负向预测力（t=-3.649;P ＜0.01）,总贡献率为11.1％.结论 军校大学生群体中,人口学变量对网络成瘾行为影响不大,且自尊因子与网络成瘾行为之间无明显相关.     

网络成瘾者在不同情绪面孔刺激下的持续注意任务事件相关电位与治疗转归的相关性

目的探讨不同情绪面孔刺激下网络成瘾(IAD)者执行持续注意任务时的事件相关电位特征,并分析其与治疗转归的相关性。方法选取符合网络成瘾临床诊断标准的38例网络成瘾者(研究组,IAD组)及性别、年龄、受教育年限与之相匹配的38例健康志愿者(对照组),在喜(愉悦)、怒(愤怒)、悲(悲伤)、恐(恐惧)4种情绪面孔刺激随机呈现后执行注意与选择任务,同时记录事件相关电位,观察IAD组治疗干预前后及对照组在4种情绪面孔诱发的N170电位及靶刺激诱发的P300电位的特征。采用中文网络成瘾量表(CIAS)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定网络成瘾严重程度和IAD组治疗效果。比较IAD组治疗干预前后及与对照组间的事件相关电位的差异与特征,分析其与治疗效果(量表)的相关性。结果1IAD组治疗前在4种情绪面孔刺激下颞枕区N170波幅均低于对照组[如恐惧面孔,(17.5±16.7)μv vs.(25.8±13.4)μv,P0.05],顶枕区P300潜伏期均长于对照组[如恐惧面孔,(452.6±50.3)ms vs.(426.7±28.4)ms,P0.05]。IAD组在4种情绪面孔刺激下诱发的N170波幅和潜伏期差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);诱发的P300在4种情绪面孔刺激中以恐惧面孔刺激后执行注意任务的P300波幅最低,潜伏期最长。2IAD组干预后在4种情绪面孔刺激下诱发的N170和P300波幅和潜伏期与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。3在4种情绪面孔刺激下诱发的N170波幅与量表评分呈负相关,P300潜伏期与量表评分呈正相关;N170潜伏期、P300波幅与量表评分无显著相关性。结论网络成瘾者在4种情绪面孔刺激下以恐惧面孔刺激诱发的P300波幅最低、P300潜伏期最长;经治疗好转,N170波幅及P300潜伏期恢复到正常水平,N170波幅与疗效呈正相关,P300潜伏期与疗效呈负相关。     

电针对抑郁症的影响

目的：探讨电针对改善抑郁症认知功能的作用。方法：将93例首发抑郁症患者随机分为帕罗西汀加合用电针组（合用电针组）48例,单纯帕罗西汀组（单纯药物组）45例,观察3周。于治疗前硬治疗3周采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、事件相关点位P300,评定临床疗效及认知功能改善情况。结果：治疗3周合用电针组有效率89．6％．单纯药物组为80％（P〈0．05）。治疗后HAMD评分、P300潜伏期均显著低于治疗前（P〈0．05）;两组治疗后P300波幅均明显高于治疗前（P〈0．05）;治疗后合用电针组P300波幅明显高于单纯药物组（P〈0．05）,合用电针组P300潜伏期明显低于单纯药物组（P〈0．05）。结论：电针治疗对改善抑郁症认知功能有显著增效作用。     

万州中学生网络成瘾现状的调查

目的：调查网络成瘾在重庆万州中学生之中的发生率；研究网络成瘾者情绪问题、心理卫生问题和人格特征。方法：采用网络一般使用问卷、网络成瘾诊断问卷、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛选表（SCAEED）、并用长处和困难问卷（SDQ）及艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对4703名重庆万州9所学校内初一、高一、职业学校一年级中学生进行评估。结果：网络成瘾比例3．5％，网络成瘾者存在特定的人格特征，其焦虑情绪明显高于非成瘾者；男性成瘾比例高于女性。结论：网络成瘾行为与情绪状态和性别密切相关，严重影响学习和社会功能，网络成瘾者存在特定的人格特征，需要社会心理干预。     

老年期焦虑抑郁患者事件相关电位P300特征

目的：探讨老年期焦虑抑郁共病患者认知功能的事件相关电位P300特征。方法：对60例老年抑郁症患者（以伴有焦虑者为共病组25例，单纯抑郁症者为抑郁症组35例）及60名性别、年龄匹配的正常老年人（对照组）进行听觉诱发的事件相关电位P300检测。同时应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及老年认知功能量表（SECF）分别评价患者组抑郁、焦虑情绪及认知功能。结果：患者组P2、N2、P3潜伏期及反应时间比对照组明显延长，P2、P3波幅明显降低；共病组N2、P3波幅比抑郁症组明显降低，P3潜伏期明显延长。患者组HAMD、HAMA总分与P300各指标无相关，而SECF总分与N2、P2、P3潜伏期呈显著负相关。结论：P300对老年期抑郁症早期认知功能损害评定具有一定的价值，共病组患者认知功能损害程度大于抑郁症组。     

P300 subcomponents in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Hyperactivity in the frontal cortex, leading to acceleration of attentional and cognitive processes, is discussed as pathogenetic factor in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as supported by findings of neuroimaging studies. This dysfunction in patients with OCD could be reflected by the auditory event-related P300 component, since one subcomponent of the P300, the so-called P3a, is mainly generated in frontal regions. The P300 of 21 patients with OCD free of medication and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was studied, and dipole source analysis was used, allowing the separation of the subcomponents P3a and P3b with high reliability. No difference concerning the P3a between OCD and healthy subjects was found. OCD patients, however, showed a larger P3b amplitude and a shorter P3b latency (only right hemisphere) as well as a shorter reaction time to target tones as the healthy controls. Since the P3b, generated mainly in the temporo-parietal junction, is related to attentional and higher cognitive functions, whereas the P3a is more related to unspecific orienting reactions, the P3b abnormalities found in these patients could be an electrophysiological correlate of overfocussed attention and faster cognitive processes in OCD, possibly due to higher arousal and noradrenergic function. Regarding the findings with small P300 amplitudes and long latencies in most of the other psychiatric patients, it is remarkable that OCD is one of the few psychaitric diseases being characterized by larger P3b amplitudes and shorter latencies.     

强迫症患者听觉事件相关电位P300的研究

目的 探讨听觉事件相关电位（ERP） P300与强迫症患者各项指标的相关性.方法 将63例强迫症患者作为研究组,选取63名身心健康正常人为对照组,采用自制的一般状况调查表了解两组人员的基本情况,对两组人员分别进行事件相关电位P300的检测,对强迫症患者采用耶鲁布朗强迫症量表评估其病情.结果 研究组ERP各项指标中N2、P3潜伏期长于对照组（t分别为-1.568,-2.602;P＜0.05）,N1、P2、N2、P3波幅均小于对照组（t分别为2.505,2.646,3.029,4.904;P＜0.05）.强迫思维组N2、P3潜伏期长于强迫行为组（t分别为3.301,2.580;P＜0.05）,P3波幅低于强迫行为组（t=-5.240,P＜0.01）.经相关分析显示事件相关电位P300的P3波幅与强迫思维分及强迫行为分呈负相关（r分别为-0.384,-0.512;P＜0.05）,N2和P3潜伏期均与强迫思维分呈正相关（r分别为0.448,0.405;P＜0.05）.结论 听觉事件相关电位P300可以客观反映强迫症的认知功能.     

Sensitivity of P300 auditory event-related potentials for assessing cognitive impairment in elderly type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND：In previous studies, cognitive function in elderly type 2 diabetic patients was evaluated by psychometric tests. These studies have confirmed that P300 event-related potential is an objective way of assessing cognitive function. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the objectivity of P300 for assessment of cognitive function in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This case-control experiment was performed at the Department of Endocrinology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University from January 2004 to December 2006. PARTICIPANTS： Seventy-two patients （38 males and 34 females） with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided according to those with diabetes alone （diabetes alone group） （n=38） and those with diabetes and cerebral ischemia （diabetes and cerebral ischemia group） （n=34）. A further 31 healthy individuals （16 males and 15 females）, who received health examinations over the same period, were included as normal controls （normal control group）. METHODS： All subjects were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）. Abnormalities in cognitive functions were identified by analyzing the auditory P300 event-related potentials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Auditory event-related potentials and MMSE scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the ＂enter method＂ with the 72 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. P3 latency, P3 amplitude and N2 latency served as dependent variables. Age, sex, education, course of the disease, glycosylated hemoglobin, and ischemic brain damage were used as independent variables. RESULTS： No significant difference in scores of MMSE was detected between the diabetes alone and normal control groups （P 〉 0.05）. MMSE score was significantly lower in the diabetes and cerebral ischemia group （P 〈 0.01） than in the normal control group. N2 and P3 latencies of auditory event-related potential were significantly longer, and P3 a     

草酸艾司西酞普兰对抑郁症患者事件相关电位P300的影响

目的:探讨草酸艾司西酞普兰对抑郁症患者的事件相关电位P300影响。方法:随机将年龄在18～65岁之间符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版抑郁症诊断标准患者30例作为研究组,选择30例性别年龄健康者作为对照组。研究组予草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗。两组分别予听觉P300检测,比较P300潜伏期及波幅的差异。结果:研究组Fz、Pz点潜伏期分别为(319±23)ms、(315±20)ms均比对照组分别为(300±22)ms、(299±21)ms延长,研究组Fz、Cz、Pz点分别为(2.5±1.8)μV、(2.6±2.4)μV、(2.5±3.3)μV波幅均比对照组分别为(3.8±2.0)μV、(3.7±1.9)μV、(4.1±3.0)μV降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治疗8周后,研究组Fz、Pz点潜伏期分别为(301±19)ms、(305±19)ms]明显缩短,Fz、Cz、Pz点分别为(3.5±1.8)μV、(3.7±2.1)μV、(3.6±3.5)μV波幅明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者存在P300异常,草酸艾司西酞普兰具有改善这种异常现象的作用。     

双相障碍抑郁发作患者认知功能损害及与听觉P300改变的关系

目的:探讨双相障碍抑郁发作患者认知功能损害和听觉P300变化的关系.方法:采用重复性神经心理状态测验(RBANS)及听觉诱发电位检测方法对43例首次发病未服药的双相障碍抑郁发作患者(病例组)及45名健康志愿者(对照组)进行认知功能及P300指标检测;结果 进行组间比较和分析.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估病例组患...     

The effect of L-threo-DOPS on P-300 in parkinsonism

The P-300 has been recently utilized as an objective electrophysiological index of cognitive function in some neurological disease. Hansch et al first described prolonged latency for the P-300 component in Parkinson disease patients and suggested these measures reflects a common, disrupted aspect of cognitive function in this disease. This cognitive disorder may be caused not only from the dysfunction of dopaminergic system but from non-dopaminergic lesions such as norepinephrine ones. On the other hand, L-threo-DOPS, a non-physiological precursor of norepinephrine, has been used for the treatment of some neurological illness such as the freezing phenomenon in Parkinsonism. In the present study we investigate the effect of L-threo-DOPS on cognitive function in Parkinsonism by measuring P-300 component succeedingly. Twenty-four patients, i.e. 19 cases of Parkinson disease (PD), 3 Juvenile Parkinsonism (JP) and 2 cerebrovascular Parkinsonism, are studied. The latencies of P-300 are significantly shortened after treatment of DOPS compared with those of the previous treatment and placebo administration respectively (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). The main factors which have influence upon these shortened latencies are analyzed multivariate analysis. The factor analysis and principal component analysis suggest three main factors such as DOPS, age (onset of age), and duration of illness. The patients' groups are divided into three by cluster analysis. The most effective group mainly consists of JP. The least effective one mainly consists of older, long-duration Parkinson disease patients. And there is another group which consists of younger, short-duration PD cases with moderate effect of DOPS. This tendency seems to suggest the different pathological findings between JP and PD. It is postulated that L-threo-DOPS would raise the level of attention and arousal mediated by norepinephrine neuronal system which may improve the cognitive disorder in Parkinsonism.     

Cognitive profile of Parkinson's disease patients: a comparative study between early-onset and late-onset Parkinson's disease

Aim: To investigate the influence of onset age on the occurrence and progression of cognitive dysfunction using neuropsychological tests and the electrophysiological component P300 in both early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD) patients. Methods: A cohort of 76 EOPD patients and 166 LOPD patients was recruited for this study. Demographic information and clinical features, including age, disease duration, education level, family history, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Hoehn and Yahr stage, and depression scores were documented for each patient. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised, Chinese version (WAIS-RC) and Wechsler Memory Scale – Revised, Chinese version (WMS-RC) were used. In addition, P300 was also examined to assess cognitive function. Results: Although EOPD patients had longer disease duration, their cognitive dysfunction progressed more slowly. The MoCA tests revealed that EOPD patients had higher scores in visuospatial function, attention, delayed recall, and orientation than the LOPD patients. The difference between the two groups on the WMS-RC test did not reach significance, whereas the scores in executive function, visuospatial function and attention as measured on the WAIS-RC test were significantly lower in the LOPD group. In addition, P300 latencies were markedly delayed and P300 amplitudes were reduced in the LOPD group. Conclusions: The current findings demonstrated that cognitive dysfunction progressed more slowly in the EOPD group. Although the LOPD patients exhibited shorter disease durations, their cognitive abilities, including executive function, visuospatial function and attention, may have been impaired.     

P300评定卒中后抑郁患者认知功能对照研究的Meta分析

目的系统评价事件相关电位P300评定卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)患者认知功能的价值。方法采用STATA11.0软件对国内有关卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者事件相关电位P300的临床研究进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7项符合条件的病例对照研究,共907例研究对象,均包括卒中后抑郁组(PSD组,n=422),另对照组包括卒中无抑郁组(N-PSD组,n=265)和/或正常对照组(NC组,n=220),评价各组之间比较存在异质性,采用随机效应模型进行综合检验,结果为:①P300波幅:4项研究比较了PSD组与NC组P300波幅变化,结果显示PSD组较NC组P300波幅降低明显,差异具有显著统计学意义[OR=-3.56,95%CI(-5.71,-1.40),P=0.001]。6项研究比较了PSD组与N-PSD组P300波幅变化,结果显示PSD组较N-PSD组P300波幅降低明显,差异具有显著统计学意义[OR=-2.17,95%CI(-3.25,-1.09),P=0.000]。3项研究比较了N-PSD组与NC组P300波幅变化,结果显示N-PSD组较NC组P300波幅降低,差异具有统计学意义[OR=1.92,95%CI(0.34,3.49),P=0.017];②P300潜伏期:4项研究同时报道了PSD组与NC组P300潜伏期变化,结果显示PSD组较NC组P300潜伏期明显延长,差异具有显著统计学意义[OR=42.90,95%CI(26.58,59.21),P=0.000]。6项研究同时报道了PSD组与N-PSD组P300潜伏期变化,结果显示PSD较N-PSD组P300潜伏期明显延长,差异具有显著统计学意义[OR=27.02,95%CI(15.89,38.15),P=0.000]。3项研究同时报道了N-PSD组与NC组P300潜伏期变化,结果显示N-PSD组较NC组P300潜伏期延长,差异具有显著统计学意义[OR=-17.67,95%CI(-23.64,-11.70),P=0.000]。结论目前研究表明,与卒中后无抑郁患者及正常人相比,卒中后抑郁患者P300波幅显著降低、潜伏期明显延长;P300检测可为筛查卒中后抑郁患者早期认知功能损害的辅助指标。     

Preliminary study of Internet addiction and cognitive function in adolescents based on IQ tests

The potential relationship between Internet addiction and certain cognitive function problems has been suggested by several studies. However, few or no studies have examined the differences in cognitive functioning between persons addicted to the Internet and persons not addicted using a standard neuropsychological test. This study screened 253 middle school students and 389 high school students for Internet addiction and compared 59 Internet-addicted students with 43 non-addicted students using an IQ test. The Internet-addicted group had comprehension sub-item scores that were significantly lower than those of the non-addicted group. As the comprehension item reflects ethical judgement and reality testing, there may be a relationship between Internet addiction and weak social intelligence. Earlier onset of Internet addiction and longer addiction duration were associated with lower participant performance in areas related to attention. As this study is a cross-sectional study, it is not clear whether the persons who display weak cognitive functioning are susceptible to Internet addiction or if Internet addiction causes cognitive problems. However, as brain development remains active during adolescence, the possibility that Internet addiction adversely affects the cognitive functioning of adolescents cannot be ruled out.