醒酒浓缩液的药效学研究

目的观测醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠防醉和解酒作用.方法采用醉酒模型并测试小鼠翻正反射消失时间及恢复时间(min),气相色谱检测血中乙醇含量.结果 (1)30mL/kg、40mL/kg醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠具有明显防醉和解酒作用(P<0.05～0.01);(2)醉酒前给小鼠ig醒酒浓缩液,中、高剂量组能明显降低酒后40～120min内血液中乙醇含量(P<0.05～0.01).结论本品具有较好预防醉酒和解酒作用,其作用机理可能与其降低血中乙醇含量有关.     

醒酒浓缩液的药效学研究

目的观测醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠防醉和解酒作用。方法采用醉酒模型并测试小鼠翻正反射消失时间及恢复时间（min），气相色谱检测血中乙醇含量。结果(1)30mL/kg、40mL/kg醒酒浓缩液对醉酒小鼠具有明显防醉和解酒作用（P<0.05～0.01）；（2）醉酒前给小鼠ig醒酒浓缩液，中、高剂量组能明显降低酒后40～120min内血液中乙醇含量（P<0.05～0.01）。结论本品具有较好预防醉酒和解酒作用，其作用机理可能与其降低血中乙醇含量有关。     

解酒保肝口服液对小鼠酒精中毒的影响

目的：观察解酒保肝口服液对小鼠醉酒实验,血清乙醇浓度和肝、胃组织乙醇脱氢酶活性的影响。方法：将生理盐水和将葛根,甘草等中药用水煎煮制成解酒保肝口服液灌服于小鼠后30min,灌服白酒,记录小鼠翻正反射消失（醉酒）至恢复（醒酒）所需时间（min),及24h内小鼠的死亡只数,另以相同操作连续6d后眼眶取血并处死动物,立即取出肝脏和胃,分别用生化比色法测定血肖乙醇浓度和肝、胃组织乙醇脱氢酶活性。结果：在醉酒实验中,。与对照组相比服用解酒保肝口服液组小鼠从饮酒到翻正反射消失（醉酒）的时间明显延长（P＜0．01）,醒酒时间明显缩短,且小鼠的死亡率明显降低（P＜0．05）,血清乙醇含量明显降低,肝脏ADH高于对照组, 结论：解酒保肝口服液具有解酒作用。     

加味醒酒汤解酒作用的研究

目的 研究加味醒酒汤对醉酒小鼠的解酒作用。方法 根据建立的小鼠醉酒模型,通过测定小鼠醉酒潜伏期与醒酒时间,确定加味醒酒汤的最佳工艺;通过测定小鼠血液乙醇浓度的含量及肝脏乙醇代谢酶的活性来观察加味醒酒汤的解酒效果。结果 加味醒酒汤能够增加小鼠对酒精的耐受时间,同时缩短小鼠的醒酒时间,降低血液中的乙醇浓度,提高肝脏中ADH、ALDH与GSH-Px的活性。结论 加味醒酒汤对醉酒小鼠具有解酒作用,其机制可能与提高乙醇代谢酶的活性有关。     

乙酰半胱氨酸对小鼠酒精中毒的影响

目的 :观察5 %N—乙酰—L—半胱氨酸 (NAC)口服液对小鼠醉酒后血清乙醇浓度和肝、胃组织乙醇脱氢酶活性的影响。方法 :用生理盐水或5 %NAC口服液灌服小鼠30min后 ,再灌服白酒 ,记录小鼠翻正反射消失 (醉酒 )至恢复 (醒酒 )所需时间及24h内小鼠的死亡只数 ;另对小鼠以相同灌服方法连续6d灌服后眼眶取血并处死小鼠 ,立即取出其肝脏和胃 ,分别用生化比色法测定血清乙醇浓度和肝、胃组织乙醇脱氢酶活性。结果 :在醉酒实验中 ,与对照组比较 ,服用5 %NAC口服液组小鼠从饮酒到醉酒的时间明显延长 (P<0 01) ,醒酒时间明显缩短 ,且小鼠的死亡率明显降低 (P<0 05) ;服用5 %NAC口服液组小鼠血清乙醇浓度明显低于单纯服用白酒的小鼠 (P<0 01)。结论 :5 %NAC口服液具有解酒作用。     

醒酒护肝口服液对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用简

目的评价醒酒护肝口服液对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法建立小鼠急性酒精肝损伤模型,监测血中乙醇浓度,以评价醒酒护肝口服液对乙醇清除速率的作用;建立小鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤模型,以血液生化指标天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、肝指数及肝组织病理学检查评价醒酒护肝口服液的护肝作用。结果醒酒护肝口服液组小鼠血中乙醇代谢速率加快,浓度降低;药物组均可降低肝损伤小鼠AST、ALT、肝损伤评分值;与模型对照组比较,醒酒护肝口服液组A1月有显著性差异。结论醒酒护肝口服液对酒精性肝损伤有保护作用。     

解酒饮的药理学研究

目的:研究解酒饮的解酒作用.方法:40只小鼠随机分成空白对照组,胆维他对照组(25mg·g-1)和高低剂量解酒饮组(25,12.5g·kg-1).用自制30%白酒按14mL·kg-1灌胃造成小白鼠醉酒模型,分别在造模前后单次给药,观察小白鼠翻正反射消失的时间和小鼠酒醉持续时间.结果:与空白对照组比较,解酒饮25g·kg-1组小鼠翻正反射消失时间显著延长,酒醉持续时间显著缩短.而解酒饮12.5g·kg-1组无显著性差异.结论:按生药25g·kg-1给予解酒饮,对于小白鼠具有预防醉酒和醒酒的作用.     

丝瓜根提取物的安全性及抗炎作用研究

目的评价丝瓜根提取物的安全性并考察其抗炎作用。方法采用豚鼠进行皮肤急性毒性试验和刺激性试验;给小鼠灌胃给药进行急性毒性试验。用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀试验、角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀试验,考察丝瓜根提取物的抗炎作用。结果丝瓜根提取物对豚鼠的破损皮肤和完整皮肤均无急性毒性和刺激性作用;灌胃给与小鼠最大耐受量,动物无全身中毒症状,亦无动物死亡。能明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀。结论丝瓜根提取物外用和口服安全性强,有一定的抗炎作用。     

解酒保肝剂对小鼠酒精中毒的影响

目的 观察解酒保肝剂对小鼠醉酒实验、血清乙醇浓度和肝组织丙二醛含量的影响。方法 50只小鼠随机分为给药组和对照组,每组25只。给药组小鼠给予解酒保肝剂灌胃,对照组给予双蒸馏水灌胃。记录小鼠翻正反射消失及恢复时间,取肝匀浆,检测肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量,用顶空气相色谱法检测血酒精浓度。结果 与对照组比较,给药组翻正反射消失时间明显延长(P<0.01),翻正反射时间明显缩短(P<0.05),肝MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),血酒精含量显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 解酒保肝剂具有良好的解酒作用。     

赶黄草对预防醉酒及解酒效能研究

目的研究赶黄草的预防醉酒和解酒作用。方法通过五粮春造成小白鼠醉酒的模型,再分别按试验组给予一定剂量的赶黄草、郁金、生理盐水,观察其醒酒时间,翻正反射。结果赶黄草组与生理盐水组比较,小鼠翻正反射消失时间和酒醒时间有显著性差异。而郁金组与生理盐水组比较,小鼠翻正反射消失时间和酒醒时间无显著性差异。     

痛经康口服液镇痛、抗炎和急性毒性作用研究

目的:研究痛经康口服液的镇痛、抗炎和急性毒性作用。方法:采用醋酸扭体法和热板法观察镇痛作用;采用小鼠耳廓肿胀、毛细血管通透性法观察抗炎作用,采用最大给药量实验研究痛经康口服液对小鼠的急性毒性。结果:痛经康口服液能显著减少小鼠的扭体次数,抑制由二甲苯致小鼠廓肿胀和降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管的通透性,但对热刺激所致小鼠的痛阈值未见明显影响;痛经康口服液在剂量为261g·kg-1时未发现毒性反应。结论:痛经康口服液较为安全且具有明显的镇痛、抗炎作用。     

壳聚糖的安全性研究

目的：为了解壳聚糖口服安全性,进行小鼠最大耐受量测定及大鼠的长期毒性实验。方法：以小鼠２４ｈ最大灌胃药量,以及一次性最大腹腔注射药量表示最大耐受量。大鼠按临床用药剂量的２０倍、１０倍、５倍分组灌胃３个月,作长期毒性实验。结果：最大耐受量灌胃为４９８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｂ．ｗ．,是临床用量的１２４．５倍。一次性最大腹腔注射量为１６６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｂ．ｗ．,两组小鼠全部存活。３组大鼠喂药３个月,全部存活,体     

Safety evaluation of protein of silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) pupae.

The protein of silkworm pupae (PSP) has been thought to be a new available source of high quality protein that contains all the amino acids needed by the human body. The safety of PSP was evaluated systematically by a series of acute and sub-acute toxicological tests: (i) Acute toxicity test: The oral maximum tolerated dose of PSP was more than 15.0 g/kg body weight in mice, due to the absence of toxicity according to the criteria of acute toxic classifications; (ii) Mutagenicity test: PSP had no mutagenicity, as judged by a negative Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test; (iii) 30 days feeding study: No deaths or abnormal hematological, clinical chemical and histopathological changes and clinical signs had been found in rats when administrated PSP at 0.30, 0.75 and 1.50 g/kg/day to the rats for 30 days in each group during the test, respectively. No statistically significant differences had been found in body weights, food consumption and food efficiency of rats in each test group (P>0.05). These results indicate that PSP can be generally regarded as safe at a maximum dose of 1.50 g/kg/day in rats.     

Disposition of [14C]N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice

N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) is used as a polymerization accelerator, in industrial glues, and as an intermediate in dye and pesticide synthesis. There is potential for human exposure to DMPT. The disposition of oral and intravenous (i.v.) doses of [14C]DMPT in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice was investigated. A single i.v. (2.5 mg/kg) or oral (2.5, 25, or 250 mg/kg) dose of [14C]DMPT (1-25 microCi) was administered in an aqueous vehicle to male rats and mice. The 25-mg/kg oral dose was administered to females to investigate possible gender differences in disposition. However, no striking gender differences were observed. Since toxicity studies conducted elsewhere used a corn oil vehicle, the 250-mg/kg oral dose also was administered in corn oil to male rats; disposition was not dependent on vehicle. Excreta (through 24 h) and tissues collected at sacrifice were analyzed for total radioactivity. Dose-dependent differences in toxicity and disposition were observed. Toxicity at the 250-mg/kg oral dose to male mice was consistent with acute renal failure. At the same dose, male rats exhibited clinical signs of toxicity through 12 h but were clinically normal by 24 h. At lower oral doses, [14C]DMPT-derived radioactivity was well absorbed and rapidly excreted, primarily in urine.     

Acute and subacute (30-day) toxicological investigations of 4-(p-chlorophenylthio) butanol (W-2719) in mice, rats and dogs

The acute and subacute toxicity of 4-(p-chlorophenylthio) butanol (W-2719), on anti-allergy agent, was investigated in mice, rats and dogs. Acute LD50 values in the mouse (1145.0 mg/kg p.o.) and rat (greater than 1400.0 mg/kg p.o.) and maximum tolerated dose in the dog (420.0 mg/kg p.o.) were very high, indicative of a high degree of safety following a single oral dose. The subacute toxicity studies were conducted by repeated daily oral administration of the compound for 30 days. In the rat, W-2719 did not produce any significant toxicity up to a dose level of 100.0 mg/kg/day, when administered as a drug-diet admixture. A higher dose, i.e., 200.0 mg/kg/day, produced marked reductions in body weight gain, food consumption, RBC and WBC (females especially), and other hematological parameters. In the purebred beagle dog, W-2719 did not produce any significant toxicity up to a dose level of 100.0 mg/kg/day, the highest dose level tested in this species.     

Safety evaluation of a triterpenoid-rich extract from bamboo shavings.

Triterpenoids, which may have significant application to the development of natural medicines and functional foods as biological active components, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. This paper evaluated the safety of a triterpenoid-rich extract of bamboo shavings (EBS) systematically. (i) Acute toxicity test: The oral maximum tolerated dose of EBS was more than 10 g/kg body weight both in rats and in mice, due to the absence of toxicity according to the criteria of acute toxic classifications. (ii) Mutagenicity test: It had no mutagenicity judged by negative experimental results of Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. (iii) 30 days feeding study: No abnormal symptoms and clinical signs or deaths had been found in rats in each group during the test. No significant difference had been found in body weight, food consumption and food availability of rats in each test group (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in each hematology value, clinical chemistry value and organ/body weight ratio, either (P>0.05). No abnormality of any organ was found during histopathological examination. It can be concluded that the extract of bamboo shavings is of low toxicity and support the use of EBS for various foods.     

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts

Context: The leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) have diverse bioactivities, but little safety data are reported.

Objective: This study examines the toxicological profiles of C. cajan leaf extracts.

Materials and methods: The leaves were extracted by water or 90% ethanol to obtain water or ethanol extract (WEC or EEC). EEC was suspended in water and successively fractionated into dichloroform and n-butanol extracts (DEC and BEC). Marker compounds of the extracts were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Kunming mice were administered with a single maximum acceptable oral dose (15.0?g/kg for WEC, EEC and BEC and 11.3?g/kg for DEC) to determine death rate or maximal tolerated doses (MTDs). In sub-chronic toxicity investigation, Sprague–Dawley rats were orally given WEC or EEC at 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0?g/kg doses for four weeks and observed for two weeks after dosing to determine toxicological symptoms, histopathology, biochemistry and haematology.

Results: Flavonoids and stilbenes in the extracts were assayed. In acute toxicity test, no mortality and noted alterations in weight and behavioural abnormality were observed, and the maximum oral doses were estimated as MTDs. In sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality and significant variances in haematological and biochemical parameters or organ histopathology were observed, but increased kidney weight in 3.0?g/kg WEC- or 3.0 and 6.0?g/kg EEC-treated female rats, and reduced testes and epididymis weight in EEC-treated male rats were recorded. These changes returned to the level of control after recovery period.

Conclusion: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts was not observed.     

Acute toxicity of 2-butyne-1,4-diol in laboratory animals.

Acute toxicity of 2-butyne-1,4-diol (BYD) was evaluated in laboratory animals. The evaluation involved acute oral and dermal toxicity in rats, dermal and ocular irritation in rabbits and skin sensitization in guinea pigs. The oral LD50 values for BYD were 132 mg kg-1 in male rats and 176 mg kg-1 in female rats. Post-mortem histology showed severe damage in lungs, liver and kidneys. In surviving rats, moderate to severe degenerative changes were observed in the liver but only mild lesions in the kidneys. In acute dermal toxicity studies the test chemical was applied either as a solid substance or as 40% aqueous solution at a dose of 5 g kg-1 for 24 h. Within 48 h of application of the diluted test material, half of the rats died. Liver and kidneys were the primary targets and different stages of degeneration, including necrosis, were observed. No deaths occurred after application of the solid substance. In rabbits, BYD was slightly irritant to skin and eyes. No allergic contact dermatitis was observed in guinea pigs.     

薄荷油致大鼠肝毒性时量关系及对肝细胞超微结构的影响

目的研究薄荷油致大鼠肝毒性的时效、量效关系以及对肝细胞超微结构的影响。方法大鼠按不同时间点或不同剂量分组,口服给药后检查血清ALT等肝功能指标,光镜或电镜下观察肝组织形态及肝细胞超微结构变化。结果与正常组相比,薄荷油组大鼠血清ALT等肝功能数值升高,于给药后24～48h达到高峰;随着剂量增大,ALT等肝功能指标相应升高(P<0.01)。薄荷油高剂量组对肝组织损伤明显,出现肝细胞核溶解等超微结构变化,与CCl4组相似。结论大鼠一次性口服大剂量薄荷油可造成急性肝脏毒性,并显示一定的毒性时效、量效关系;肝细胞损伤可出现脂肪变性、坏死等结构变化。