外泌体对上皮-间质转化调控作用的研究进展

外泌体是一种具有生物活性的膜性囊泡,既可在细胞间传递活性物质,还可通过调控细胞间的信息传递参与细胞活动。 上皮-间质转化（EMT）是上皮细胞获得间充质细胞特性的过程,在众多疾病中发挥了重要作用。研究表明,外泌体在EMT的发 生发展过程中具有双向作用。一方面,外泌体可促进细胞发生EMT,赋予肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移能力,促进血管新生和加快肿瘤 生长;另一方面,外泌体亦可抑制EMT,发挥减弱肿瘤细胞侵袭能力,抑制心、肝、肾纤维化,改善心肌梗死等作用。外泌体可能 是通过携带EMT相关蛋白或miRNA,调控EMT相关信号通路发挥双向调节作用。     

外泌体在肿瘤转移调控中的研究进展

恶性肿瘤是当今时代威胁人类健康的头号杀手。肿瘤转移是恶性肿瘤的主要特征,是癌症治疗失败和癌症患者死亡的首要原因,其分子机制复杂,涉及多步骤、多阶段、多基因的变化。外泌体是由活细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡小体,其内含有丰富的蛋白质、miRNA、lncRNA等成分,可在细胞间转运从而调节细胞的生物学功能。研究显示外泌体与肿瘤的转移密切相关,可通过促进肿瘤血管生成,影响肿瘤转移前微环境形成,调节机体免疫功能等方式调控肿瘤转移。本文将从外泌体主要成分入手对外泌体在肿瘤转移调控中的最新研究进展进行综述。     

外泌体与心血管疾病研究进展

外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种,包含多种蛋白质、脂质及核酸,介导细胞间的物质传递与信号转导,从而调控机体正常或病理状态。人体内多种细胞均可分泌外泌体,外泌体可参与机体血液凝固、炎症、细胞迁移与分化、肿瘤侵袭与转移等过程。外泌体与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、肺动脉高压、心肌梗死、心肌肥大等心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关。因此,外泌体具有广泛的临床应用潜能。     

外泌体在乳腺癌中的研究进展

外泌体是一类由自体细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡样小体,参与细胞及内环境之间的物质运输和信号传递。外泌体可以通过在肿瘤细胞和细胞外基质间运输细胞内的核酸、蛋白和脂类等物质,影响肿瘤的发生和发展,甚至可以影响肿瘤的治疗。不同类型的肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体,在肿瘤的发生过程中发挥着不同的作用。近来,与乳腺癌相关的外泌体逐渐成为一项新的研究热点,并发现乳腺癌细胞可以刺激分泌某些特定类型的外泌体,并有望成为早期乳腺癌筛查的新型生物学标志。外泌体传递的核酸、蛋白质等物质在乳腺癌的发生、转移和治疗耐药中起到了重要作用。同时外泌体也可以将抗肿瘤药物转运出乳腺癌细胞导致耐药。但外泌体作为肿瘤药物载体时,表现出极低的免疫原性和生物毒性,将为今后的肿瘤靶向治疗提供可行的技术基础。     

外泌体与肿瘤侵袭转移相关研究进展

 外泌体(又称外泌小体,exosomes)是一种能由绝大多数细胞释放的、具有脂质双分子层和丰富内容物的微囊泡结构,直径约30～100 nm。1981年科学家首次发现肿瘤源性外泌体,近10年来发现外泌体中不仅包含功能性蛋白,还有功能性核酸物质,这些蛋白质、核酸等对肿瘤侵袭转移具有促进作用,成为肿瘤相关研究的热点。外泌体以其独特的方式包裹蛋白质和核酸物质,稳定有效地进行细胞间信号的传递和交换。更好地了解外泌体促进肿瘤侵袭转移的机制,将有助于明确肿瘤侵袭转移的关键环节,进而有针对性地研发有效的防治策略,改善肿瘤患者预后。     

外泌体的功能研究与死亡原因推断

外泌体是细胞经过"内吞-融合-外排"等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡.近些年来研究发现,外泌体中含有大量物质,包括蛋白质,mRNA和microRNA,同时外泌体还可以在细胞间进行穿梭,可能成为细胞间分子信号传递的一种方式[1]。本文就不同类型的细胞分泌的外泌体的功能进行整理及评述。     

外泌体通过PI3K/Akt信号通路调控细胞的作用

<正>外泌体是由细胞所产生的小体,在近年来的研究中发现外泌体能够传递信号分子,调控靶细胞的生理功能,在细胞的生长发展中起着重要作用。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB,也称Akt)信号通路是一条经典的细胞信号通路,在肿瘤细胞的发生、发展、转移中发挥重要的作用。近几年发现外泌体可以通过PI3K/Akt信号通路,     

环状RNA经外泌体促进乳腺癌发展的研究进展

环状RNA (circRNA)是由前体RNA的外显子反剪和内含子环化产生的，在各种传染病、炎症反应和肿瘤的发生及进展过程中发挥重要作用的一种非编码RNA。在circRNA调节乳腺癌的机制中，circRNA可以通过参与乳腺癌细胞的增殖与凋亡、糖酵解、转移及耐药性调控乳腺癌的进程。外泌体是小细胞衍生的膜纳米囊泡，携带各种成分，包括脂质、蛋白质和核酸。越来越多的证据表明外泌体在肿瘤发生、侵袭和转移中起作用。乳腺癌分泌的外泌体可以通过转移circRNA调控肿瘤的发生发展、转移；外泌体介导的circRNA可以发挥与miRNA的海绵作用调控乳腺癌细胞对药物的敏感度。本文主要对circRNA经外泌体对乳腺癌发生发展的作用机制进行综述，以期为进一步的研究提供依据。     

外泌体调控自噬对心血管疾病影响的研究进展

外泌体作为细胞间生物信息的载体,在细胞间信号传递中发挥了重要作用,并广泛参与细胞自噬、细胞凋亡、炎症反应、免疫调节等多种病理生理过程。外泌体通过其传递的内容物影响目标细胞的自噬水平。自噬是一种细胞分解代谢过程,可通过消除错误折叠的蛋白质和受损的细胞器来维持细胞内稳态,目前的研究表明自噬与心脏的衰老和萎缩密切相关。因此,调节自噬可能是未来心血管疾病治疗的新靶点。通过综述外泌体的生物发生和自噬的意义以及外泌体和自噬之间的关系,总结介绍了外泌体调控自噬对心血管疾病的影响作用及其研究的进展情况。     

外泌体源miRNA在宫腔黏连中的研究进展

外泌体是一种富含蛋白质、脂质、RNA等多种功能活性物质的细胞外囊泡，通过传递生物信号分子在人类疾病的发生发展中起着关键的调控作用。外泌体源miRNA是一类可调控靶基因的小分子非编码单链RNA，可在转录水平调控蛋白表达。研究证实，外泌体源miRNA与宫腔黏连的发生密切相关，可能对该疾病的治疗产生重大影响。本文就外泌体源miRNA在宫腔黏连发生发展中所扮演的角色及其潜在的临床应用价值进行综述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.