谈医学影像学科的发展

随着现代科技的迅猛发展 ,医学事业日新月异 ,医学影像学科的发展方兴未艾。作者浅谈了医学影像学科的发展、作用及其发展的条件。1　医学影像学科的发展及作用过去 ,我国科技落后 ,医学科学发展缓慢 ,医学影像学科更是设备简陋 ,专业人才缺乏 ,技术水平低 [1 ] ;同时 ,人们对医学影像学的完整性及其重要性认识不足 ,致使医学影像设备过分肢解、分散 ,诸多医学成像技术得不到综合应用 ,无法发挥各种医学影像之间取长补短 ,相互印证的作用 ,从而阻碍了医学影像学科的发展 ,影响了临床各科室诊断、治疗、科研水平的提高。过去 ,多数医院的医学…     

计算机X线摄影中的伪影分析

随着数字化信息技术和计算机科技的发展，在影像医学领域中，视频信号数字化和计算机处理技术得到了广泛的应用，特另4是X线数字化摄影技术，高科技含量的医学影像新设备不断出现，极大的推动了影像医学事业的进步和发展。     

我国医学影像技术学教育模式的现状及对策

随着电子学特别是计算机技术的飞速发展,各种新型的医学影像设备日新月异的不断涌现,如磁共振成像(MR I)、螺旋CT、多排CT、核素扫描CT、计算机摄影(CR)、直接数字摄影(DR)、三维超声等。影像医学是当今医学中发展变化最快的一个领域。先进的成像技术极大地丰富了提供给医生进行诊断及治疗的信息,同时也进一步提高了临床诊治水平。然而更好地运用、开发、维护和管理这些高科技的医学影像设备则给我们从事医学影像技术的人员提出了更高的要求。90年代初,国家卫生部对20家医院进口CT的使用情况进行了调查,结果表明:其中设备功能的使用率只有40%。由于我国原来的医学教育体系中本科层次没有医学影像专业,许多医院深感现有的医学影像技术人员很难适应这些高科技的现代化的医学影像设备的使用、维护和管理工作,迫切要求经过理工医结合培养本科以上的高层次的医学影像技术人才。1目前我国医学影像教育的现状1.1医学影像人才的培养有两类一是医学影像诊断医生,二是医学影像技术工程师。这两类人才在我国医疗机构中都是短缺、急需的人才,尤其是医学影像技术本科人才在我国更为缺乏。我国在20世纪50年代末至60年代中叶及70年代到90年代中叶,曾在卫生中等专...     

医学影像技术学实验教学的改革与实践

近年来，随着电子学，计算机技术等相关学科的飞速发展，各种医学影像设备不断更新换代，先进的成像设备带动了医学影像技术的革新，医学影像技术学已成为医学科学中进展最快的一门学科。同时，技术的进步对高校人才培养质量提出了更高的要求。文章通过在医学影像技术学课程中开展自主设计性、创新性的实验项目，探讨理论和实践问题，提出规范和制订规范，努力把医学影像技术人才的培养质量提高到一个新水平。     

医学影像技术人才培养策略的思考

为了适应新时期医学发展对医学影像技术人才的要求,必须加强高层次医学影像技术人才的培养。随着我国经济的迅速发展和医疗技术的日新月异,医院从国外引进的医学影像设备越来越先进,而医学影像技术人员普遍存在着学历低、知识结构老化等问题,限制了一些新技术的临床开发和应用。本文通过对我国医学影像技术人才培养的现状、面临的形势和挑战,以及才医学影像技术人才的对策进行了分析和探讨,以培养知识面宽、基础扎实、素质高、能力强的复合型、实用型医学影像技术人才。     

我国高等医学院校开放医学影像网络数字实习室的现状及对策研究

对目前我国高等医学院校医学影像网络数字实习室开放的内容、形式及实施效果进行了分析。从加强医学影像网络数字实习室建设,改革医学影像学实践教学方法等方面,探讨了当前我国高等医学院校开放医学影像网络数字实习室的现状并就此现状提出研究对策。利用大理学院临床医学院医学影像网络数字实习室与大理学院附属医院放射科现有设备教学软件及PACS系统资源,构建以CD Viewer为平台的数字化医学影像实践教学系统,实现了医学影像数字化图像在开放医学影像网络数字实习室中实践教学的应用。高等医学院校开放医学影像网络数字实习室,不仅全面提高了实习室的工作水平、使用效率和管理水平,而且促进了优质教学资源的整合与共享,推动了医学影像实践教学模式和方法的改革,对于提高医学影像学教学质量及提升医学生实际分析医学影像图片能力具有重要意义,有效促进了该校的医学影像网络数字实习室的建设和发展。     

医学高专《医学影像物理学》课程教学研究与探讨

《医学影像物理学》是医学影像技术专业的一门基础课程。其是以医学物理学的知识为基础,研究和解决与医学诊断、治疗以及人体基础研究等相关问题的交叉学科。其教学任务是为医学影像技术专业学生学习《医学影像诊断学》、医学影像《检查技术》、《医学影像设备学》等后续专业课程奠定医学影像的物理学基础,为医学图像诊断提供物理学依据。针对医学高专     

关于放射影像若干问题的研究

近年来随着医学影像设备和技术的飞速发展,医学影像学发展到数字化时代,因此如何充分发挥医学影像设备的作用、使用和维护好医学影像设备是非常重要的.医疗设备齐全,尤其是医学影像设备在当地为领先水平,在维修人员相对较少的情况下,放射科作为医学影像设备的使用者应首先做好设备的使用和维护.因此本文具有深刻的理论意义和广泛的实际应用.     

医学影像专业实习生带教体会

<正>医学影像学诊断是临床医疗工作的主要组成部分。近年来医学影像获得了巨大的发展,各种新技术的应用使医学影像学正朝着定量化、功能化、微观化、数字化、信息化方向发展。随着现代化医学影像设备的不断引进和发展,对医学影     

医学影像数字化发展和PACS的应用

随着放射学和计算机技术的迅速发展，数字化已成为放射影像学发展的必然趋势，医学影像设备数字化也已逐步成为影像科室必然发展的趋势。随之产生的医学影像存储与传输系统（PACS）是集放射学、影像医学、数字化图像技术、计算机技术及通信技术为一体的医学影像系统，其设计与应用实现了多种医学影像融合软件技术，将各种成像设备生成的图像融合到一个画面上显示，突破了以往只能在放射科才能进行的影像处理以及影像工作站只能显示单一格式的图像限制，更有利于医生的诊断。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.