试论地方医学院校的发展

高等医学教育应实行内涵式发展与外延式发展并举的方式,同时增加高等医学教育对基层社区和广大农村的适应性.地方医学院校要重新确定自己的办学定位,以增加医学高等教育在社区和农村地区的供给.     

军医大学地方大学生入伍任职教育模式研究

随着军队院校办学重点的转变，军医大学承担了地方医学院校毕业大学生入伍任职教育任务。根据军队任职教育是一种面向国防的职业教育、面向岗位的专才教育、面向职责的能力教育的特点，深入研究地方医学院校毕业生入伍任职教育模式，制定合理的课程计划，选择恰当的教学内容，采取灵活的教学方法，加强教学管理，对确保地方医学院校毕业生入伍任职教育的教学质量十分重要。     

地方医学院校课程质量监控体系的构建探索

基于国家深化高等院校课程建设的新时代视域，提升课程质量成为高校教育教学发展的重要任务。地方医学院校作为基层卫生人才的培养摇篮，构建科学合理的课程质量监控体系愈发迫切。本文分析了我国高等院校课程质量监控体系存在的问题，结合地方医学院校办学特点和广州医科大学工作实践，探索构建了集“多样化监控方法、全维度监控指标、闭环式反馈机制、多层级文化建设”为一体的课程质量监控体系，为同类院校提供实际参考。     

服务地方经济 促进学校发展

服务地方经济社会发展,是地方高校的一项重要职能,也是地方高校办学必须确立的办学理念的重要内容.显著的地域特色使地方高校拥有得天独厚的发展空间,成都中医药大学在50余年的办学中,坚持以主动融入地方、积极服务地方的办学理念指导办学实践,以服务求发展、以有为争有位,学校也在服务地方经济社会中成长壮大.     

国内8所医学院校“价值体系”中的医学人文元素分析

医学人文教育是医学生培养的重要内容,也是医学院校人才培养工作的奠基工程.各院校医学人文教育的重点内容何在?有什么特色?往往从院校的办学价值体系表述中可窥一斑.本文以有关院校“价值体系”为切入点,就我国医学院校的医学人文状况进行探讨.     

口腔医学实验课程体系改革的探讨

为进一步深化口腔医学实验教学改革,适应现代教育特点和社会发展需求,探索医学人才培养的新模式已经成为当务之急,在多年实践基础上,结合学校办学实际,构建了具有地方特色的应用型人才培养模式,建立了新型口腔医学专业实验课程体系,在实践中取得了良好的教学效果,对其他医学院校也具有积极的借鉴意义。     

高等医学院校非直属附属医院建设实践探索

高等医学院校充分利用社会卫生资源，通过优势互补、共谋发展的原则与地方医院合作共建非直属附属医院，是提高我国高等医学教育质量和办学效益的重要途径。文章结合我校近十年非直属附属医院建设的实践经验．就加强非直属附属医院建设，尽快完善其教育规模和教学功能进行探讨。     

医学院校护理人才订单培养模式的研究与实践

订单培养是近年来医学院校和用人单位合作培养护理人才的一种新模式.文章结合与地方医院培养护理人才的实践与经验,就医学院校如何进行护理人才订单培养,提高护理教学质量,促进学生就业进行了探讨.     

医学院教学现状及改革

随着我国医药卫生事业改革的深化与推进,社会对医学人才的要求越来越高.医学院校作为医学人才培养的摇篮,承担着为我国医疗卫生事业提供高素质医学人才的重任,高校只有不断改革创新人才培养模式,才能保证医学人才培养质量的持续提高.特别是在信息化快速发展的背景下,医学院校面临着教育综合改革、医教协同深化、临床医学人才培养改革等新问题,只有认清形势,才能更好地指导教学改革工作,进而实现以改革促发展的目标.     

医学院校二级学院绩效评价的实践与思考

大学二级学院是大学办学的主体部分,一所大学办学质量和综合竞争能力的高低,主要依靠二级学院的办学绩效来体现.开展二级学院办学绩效评估,可以在大学内部创造公平的竞争环境,引导二级学院围绕大学战略发展目标强化内部管理,不断提高办学效能.文章运用数理统计、运筹学等理论知识,以某医学院校二级学院为评价单元和研究的出发点,深入研究高校绩效评价的理论、探索高校绩效评价的方法、建立评价的数学模型、构建绩效评价指标体系,以其所属的14个二级学院为研究对象,开展高校绩效评价的实践研究,探讨了开展绩效评价的意义、方法、途径,并对有关问题进行了思考.     

Improving the School Environment to Reduce School Violence: A Review of the Literature*

BACKGROUND: School violence can impact the social, psychological, and physical well‐being of both students and teachers and disrupt the learning process. This review focuses on a new area of research, the mechanisms by which the school environment determines the likelihood of school violence. METHODS: A search for peer‐reviewed articles was made in six databases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's report on school‐violence interventions. Twenty‐five articles that attempted to understand the influence of either the school social or physical environment in determining teacher and student perceptions of safety and experiences of violence were included. RESULTS: Most of the included articles were cross‐sectional surveys of junior high or high school students and staff. As articles used different measures of the school physical and social environment, a classification system was created. Using this system, studies show that schools with less violence tend to have students who are aware of school rules and believe they are fair, have positive relationships with their teachers, feel that they have ownership in their school, feel that they are in a classroom and school environment that is positive and focused on learning, and in an environment that is orderly. CONCLUSION: The school social and physical environment appears to offer intervention opportunities to reduce school violence. However, the lack of consistency in school environment variables as well as the lack of longitudinal and experimental research designs limits the applicability of these findings.     

A Qualitative Study of Junior High School Principals' and School Food Service Directors' Experiences with the Texas School Nutrition Policy

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to learn about the experiences of principals and school food service directors with the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy.DesignSemistructured qualitative interviews were conducted to gain first hand reactions to the new nutrition policy.SettingData were gathered from Texas middle schools.ParticipantsPrincipals and food service directors from 24 schools randomly selected from 10 Texas Education regions were interviewed.Phenomenon of InterestParticipants were interviewed about their reactions to the implementation of the Texas School Nutrition Policy.AnalysisTwo researchers, using thematic analysis, independently analyzed each interview. Differences in coding were reconciled and themes were generated.ResultsThe themes that surfaced included resistance to the policy, policy development process, communication, government role, parental role, food rewards, fund raising, and leadership.Conclusions and implicationsResistance to the policy was not extreme. In the future a wider array of school personnel who are affected by school food regulations should be included in the development of new policies. It is critical to communicate with all concerned parties about the policy.     

Altering the School Breakfast Environment Reduces Barriers to School Breakfast Participation Among Diverse Rural Youth

BACKGROUND

The purpose is to determine if altering school breakfast policies and the school breakfast environment will positively impact adolescent beliefs of the barriers and benefits of eating breakfast.

METHODS

There were 904 adolescents from 16 rural high schools, Minnesota, in the BreakFAST Study who reported eating breakfast fewer than 4 times per week at baseline. Schools were randomized to intervention (N = 8 schools) or delayed intervention (N = 8) condition. The intervention lasted 1 school year. Students completed an online survey of beliefs of barriers and benefits to eating breakfast at baseline and follow‐up. Summative scales were created. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression, accounting for clustering by school, was performed using SAS. Sex interaction was tested. Models tested the effect of the intervention on change in summative scales from baseline to follow ‐up.

RESULTS

Participants were 54% female, 69.1% white, 36.6% eligible for free or reduced‐price meals (FRM) and 13.1% of families received public assistance. The change in reported barriers was significantly different in intervention versus control schools (Net difference = 1.0, p = .03). There was no intervention effect of perceived benefits.

CONCLUSIONS

A school‐based policy and environmental change intervention can successfully reduce perceived barriers to eating school breakfast.     

广东省某私立学校学生膳食营养调查

目的：了解全日制私立学校中学生的膳食结构和营养状况,探索一条可供推广的解决学生的营养问题的办法。方法：采用４日称重法对广东省一所全日制私立学校１３￣１８岁学生共８７３人进行营养调查。结果：该校中学生的每日平均热能、蛋白质、视黄醇当量、ＶＰＰ、ＶｉｔＣ的摄入量均达到或超过ＲＤＡ,但钙、铁、锌、铜、ＶｉｔＢ１不足。男生的身高与体重显著超过全国参考值（Ｐ〈０．０５）。女生除１３￣、１５￣岁组身高高于全国