深圳市一所全日制民办学校9—12岁学生的营养状况调查

目的 了解全日制民办学校学生的营养状况及膳食结构,探索一些可推广的解决学生营养问题的可能办法。方法 采用４日称重法对深圳市一所全日制民办学校９～１２岁学生共１１８９人进行营养调查。结果 该校９～１２岁学生的每日平均热能、蛋白质、铁、视黄醇、ＶＰＰ、ＶＣ的摄入量均达到或超过ＲＤＡ,但钙、锌、ＶＢ１、ＶＢ２偏低。学生的身高与体重显著超过全国参考值（Ｐ〈０．０５）,体重接近甚至超过ＷＨＯ参考值,但身高与     

广东省某民办学校5～8岁学生膳食模式研究

〖目的〗 了解全日制民办学校学生的膳食结构及营养状况,探索适合我国学生的合理膳食模式。〖方法〗 采用４日称重法对广东省 民办学校５～８岁学生共１３４８人进行膳食调查,同时进行体格及生化。〖结果〗 该校５～８岁学生的每日平均热能、蛋白质、视黄醇、尼克酸、铁的摄入量均达到或超过ＰＤＡ;ＶＢ１、ＶＢ２、ＶＣ和钙偏低。学生的身高、体重显著超过全国参考值（Ｐ〈０．０５）、接近ＷＨＯ参考值,营养不良发生率无或     

5岁以下儿童VitA缺乏现状研究

为了解江苏省５岁以下儿童ＶｉｔＡ缺乏现状，采用问卷、体检和实验室检查的方法在全省进行抽样调查。 结果：５岁以下儿童ＶｉｔＡ缺乏总患病率为１６．５％，其中城市为１５．６％、农村为１７．６％；亚临床ＶｉｔＡ缺乏总患病率为 １３．２％，其中城市为１１．３％、农村为１５．３％；ＶｉｔＡ缺乏和亚临床ＶｉｔＡ缺乏患病率在城乡之间和各年龄组间均无显著 性差异；男女童血浆ＶｉｔＡ水平也无显著性差异；预防服药组ＶｉｔＡ缺乏患病率明显低于未服药组。采取适当干预措施 降低儿童ＶｉｔＡ缺乏和亚临床ＶｉｔＡ缺乏患病率是非常必要的，也将是有效的。     

坪山私立学校7～12岁学生体格发育现况

目的了解坪山私立学校7～12岁学生体格发育情况,为学校卫生工作提供依据。方法对坪山私立学校1 594名7～12岁外来务工家庭学生进行身高、体重测量,调查结果与广东省、全国同类资料进行比较。结果坪山私立学校7～12岁学生身高、体重等指标发育符合儿童生长发育的一般规律,多个年龄组平均身高、体重等指标明显低于广东省1995年相同年龄组的平均水平,所有年龄组上述指标均明显低于全国2000年相同年龄组的平均水平。结论与广东省、全国7～12岁儿童相比,坪山外来务工者子女身高、体重发育仍有一定的差距,应采取综合措施促进儿童健康成长。     

重庆市中小学生现时营养状况评价

目的：了角重庆市中小学生现实营养状况。方法：用身高标准体重法对重庆市２０５４６名７￣１８岁中消息的现时营养状况进行分析。结果：学生总的营养不足率为２８．６７％，剩为１０．６６％。城区学生的营养不，足和营养过剩率均显著高于乡村学生。中学生的营养不足和营养过剩率均显著高于小学生。女生的砂足率显著高于男生，而营养过剩则显著低于男生。结论：营养干预的重点在青春期。     

农村青少年维生素A、β－胡萝卜素的补充实验研究

本文对８２名１２一１５岁、体重３５一４５公斤的农村初中学生进行了ＶｉｔＡ、β一胡萝卜素的补充实验研究。实验组１（ｎ＝２１）每天补充２ｍｇβ一胡萝卜素，实验组２（ｎ＝１９）每天补充６ｍｇβ一胡萝卜素，实验组３（ｎ＝２４）每天补充４００ｕｇＲＥＶｉｔＡ，分别在实验初始，第四周末，第六周末和第八周末抽血测定。在实验的第七周，将两补胡萝卜素改为补ＶｉｔＡ１２００ｕｇＲＥ，补ＶｉｔＡ组改补６ｍｇβ一胡萝卜素。对照组（ｎ＝１８）给予安慰剂。结果显示：每天摄入ＲＤＡ剂量和２倍ＲＤＡ剂量的β－胡萝卜素，对于提高机体ＶｉｔＡ、β－胡萝卜素水平的效果是相同的，而直接补充ＶｉｔＡ，机体ＶｉｔＡ、β一胡萝卜素水平略高于补胡萝卜素组。本研究探讨了我国青少年确实的营养状况，也提示ＶｉｔＡ在ＶｉｔＡ营养中具有胡萝卜素不可替代的作用。     

隆安县壮族学生生长发育及营养状况分析

目的：了解贫困地区壮族中小学生的生长发育水平及营养现状。方法：选取中小学各2所5154名7－18岁壮族中小学生体检卡片,按“1995年全国7－22岁汉族学生身高体重百分位数评价表”进行生长发育水平评价;采用“中国学生7－22岁身高标准体重值”评定现时营养状况。结果：总营养不良率高于全国平均水平。中学生营养不良率高于小学生;女生营养不良率高于男生,小学生超重肥胖率高于中学生,生长发育不良人数高于发育上等人数。结论：隆安县中小学生营养状况较差,应加强营养知识宣传,保证生长发育所需的均衡、充足、全面的营养。     

VitA水平与急性呼吸道疾病死亡率关系探讨

为探讨ＶｉｔＡ水平与急性呼吸道感染（ＡＲＩ）性疾病死亡率关系，在河南省５岁以下儿童死亡监测基础上，选择ＶｉｔＡ缺乏较重的卢氏县两个乡１０７５７名５岁以下儿童进行营养及血清ＶｉｔＡ测定，并将其随机分为服药组和对照组（不服药组），监测两年，观察两组ＶｉｔＡ水平与ＡＲＩ死亡率变化关系。结果经两年口服ＶｉｔＡ后，服药组ＡＲＩ死亡率与对照组相比有明显下降（Ｕ＝１．９３３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示补充ＶｉｔＡ对降低５岁以下儿童死亡率起一定作用     

中学生的饮食结构与家庭背影,学业和品行的联系

对杭州学军中学１４￣１９岁的学生３００名进行了饮食营养与家庭背景、学业和品行情况的调查。结果表明：总评为甲等的学生与乙等者相比其家庭人口少、体重轻、食量少、三餐饮食营养较平衡。提示营养及家庭环境条件与学业和品行有较密切的联系。从家族的收入情况来说，人均月收入属于中等水平（３００￣４００元）的家庭中学生评为甲等较多，而且这一组学生的膳食结构也较合理。     

西南少数民族与全国汉族7～18岁学生身高生长发育变化特征比较研究

[目的]掌握和了解西南地区少数民族学生这一特殊群体的身高生长发育状况和差距.[方法]依据<2005年中国学生体质与健康调研报告>中所颁布的西南地区12个少数民族和全国汉族7～18岁学生的身高教据,对其身高自然增长值和自然增长率进行比较研究.[结果]①西南少数民族是从9～10岁开始才进入身高生长发育快速增长期,西南少数民族与汉族男生的身高生长发育的高峰在12～13岁,13～14岁之后西南少数民族男生身高生长发育超过全国汉族男生.②西南少数民族女生是从9～10岁开始才进入身高生长发育快速增长期,在11～12岁身高生长达到高峰,比全国汉族女生晚一个年龄段,10～11岁之后西南少数民族女生身高生长发育超过全国汉族女生.[结论]西南少数民族学生身高生长发育进入快速增长期的时间比全国汉族学生晚一个年龄段,西南少数民族学生身高生长发育过程比全国汉族学生平缓.     

地方医学院校办学新理念

地方医学院校要在高等教育的激烈竞争中立于不败之地,首要是确定办学新理念,即特色立校、开放办学、依法治校、教学创新.唯此,地方医学院校才能与社会经济发展合拍,才能适应地方公共卫生事业发展的新需求,学校也才能在高校之林中占有一席之地.     

Improving the School Environment to Reduce School Violence: A Review of the Literature*

BACKGROUND: School violence can impact the social, psychological, and physical well‐being of both students and teachers and disrupt the learning process. This review focuses on a new area of research, the mechanisms by which the school environment determines the likelihood of school violence. METHODS: A search for peer‐reviewed articles was made in six databases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's report on school‐violence interventions. Twenty‐five articles that attempted to understand the influence of either the school social or physical environment in determining teacher and student perceptions of safety and experiences of violence were included. RESULTS: Most of the included articles were cross‐sectional surveys of junior high or high school students and staff. As articles used different measures of the school physical and social environment, a classification system was created. Using this system, studies show that schools with less violence tend to have students who are aware of school rules and believe they are fair, have positive relationships with their teachers, feel that they have ownership in their school, feel that they are in a classroom and school environment that is positive and focused on learning, and in an environment that is orderly. CONCLUSION: The school social and physical environment appears to offer intervention opportunities to reduce school violence. However, the lack of consistency in school environment variables as well as the lack of longitudinal and experimental research designs limits the applicability of these findings.     

Altering the School Breakfast Environment Reduces Barriers to School Breakfast Participation Among Diverse Rural Youth

BACKGROUND

The purpose is to determine if altering school breakfast policies and the school breakfast environment will positively impact adolescent beliefs of the barriers and benefits of eating breakfast.

METHODS

There were 904 adolescents from 16 rural high schools, Minnesota, in the BreakFAST Study who reported eating breakfast fewer than 4 times per week at baseline. Schools were randomized to intervention (N = 8 schools) or delayed intervention (N = 8) condition. The intervention lasted 1 school year. Students completed an online survey of beliefs of barriers and benefits to eating breakfast at baseline and follow‐up. Summative scales were created. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression, accounting for clustering by school, was performed using SAS. Sex interaction was tested. Models tested the effect of the intervention on change in summative scales from baseline to follow ‐up.

RESULTS

Participants were 54% female, 69.1% white, 36.6% eligible for free or reduced‐price meals (FRM) and 13.1% of families received public assistance. The change in reported barriers was significantly different in intervention versus control schools (Net difference = 1.0, p = .03). There was no intervention effect of perceived benefits.

CONCLUSIONS

A school‐based policy and environmental change intervention can successfully reduce perceived barriers to eating school breakfast.     

A Qualitative Study of Junior High School Principals' and School Food Service Directors' Experiences with the Texas School Nutrition Policy

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to learn about the experiences of principals and school food service directors with the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy.DesignSemistructured qualitative interviews were conducted to gain first hand reactions to the new nutrition policy.SettingData were gathered from Texas middle schools.ParticipantsPrincipals and food service directors from 24 schools randomly selected from 10 Texas Education regions were interviewed.Phenomenon of InterestParticipants were interviewed about their reactions to the implementation of the Texas School Nutrition Policy.AnalysisTwo researchers, using thematic analysis, independently analyzed each interview. Differences in coding were reconciled and themes were generated.ResultsThe themes that surfaced included resistance to the policy, policy development process, communication, government role, parental role, food rewards, fund raising, and leadership.Conclusions and implicationsResistance to the policy was not extreme. In the future a wider array of school personnel who are affected by school food regulations should be included in the development of new policies. It is critical to communicate with all concerned parties about the policy.