机器人辅助与传统截骨行全膝关节置换术的早期临床疗效对比

目的 对比国产和华瑞博（HURWA）机器人导航辅助全膝关节置换术（robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty，RATKA）与传统全膝关节置换术（TKA）治疗膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析我科2021年3月至2022年1月收治的46例行TKA治疗终末期KOA的病人。其中RATKA组23例，男10例，女13例，年龄为（67.54±12.32）岁；传统TKA组23例，男8例，女15例，年龄为（70.34±9.74）岁。记录围手术期的髋-膝-踝角（HKA）偏移、股骨机械轴远端外侧角（mLDFA）、胫骨机械轴近端内侧角（mMPTA）、膝关节线汇聚角（JLCA），作为评估力线对位及假体放置的影像学指标。采用术前与术后1天血红蛋白（HB）差值、术中出血量、术后引流量评估出血情况。随访并记录手术时间、膝前正中切口长度、术前及术后3个月膝关节活动度，术前、术后1个月、术后1年的美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）及疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分，以评估短期临床疗效。结果 手术均顺利完成，术后均未出现严重并发症。两组病人力线及假体对位指标均较术前明显改善，且在正常范围，RATKA组HKA偏移及术后JLCA优于传统TKA组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），但两组术后mLDFA、mMPTA比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。RATKA组术中出血量及术后引流量略小于传统TKA组，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；RATKA组的手术时间、膝前正中切口长度均长于传统TKA组，术后1天与术前的HB差值低于传统TKA组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组病人术后3个月活动度、术后1个月及1年的KSS评分和VAS评分均较术前有明显改善，且RATKA组和传统TKA组术后3个月的活动度比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），但两组KSS评分、VAS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 国产HURWA机器人辅助行TKA相较传统TKA具有对线及假体放置更精准、出血少、关节活动度恢复更佳的优势，传统TKA在手术时间及切口长度方面优于RATKA。RATKA短期疗效值得肯定，远期预后有待进一步论证。     

机器人辅助人工全膝关节置换与传统手术临床效果比较的Meta分析

目的：通过Meta分析比较机器人辅助全膝关节置换术和传统全膝关节置换术效果的差异,以明确机器人辅助全膝关节置换术是否可提供更好的假体下肢力线及临床预后。方法：计算机检索建库至2018年11月Embase、Pubmed、Web of Science数据库和中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）,查找比较机器人辅助和传统全膝关节置换术效果差异的临床对照研究。根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、质量评价及数据提取后,应用Revman 5.3软件对文献数据进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入6篇临床对照研究,机器人辅助全膝关节置换术组253例,传统全膝关节置换术组231例。Meta分析结果：机器人辅助TKA组在下肢冠状位力线角度[WMD=-1.00,95%CI（-1.66,-0.35）,P=0.003],下肢冠状位力线内翻或外翻>3°发生率[RR=0.04,95%CI（0.01,0.13）,P=0.000 01]方面优于传统全膝关节置换术组;但两组膝关节活动范围[WMD=0.06,95%CI（-5.43,5.55）,P=0.98],正位片胫骨角[WMD=-0.19,95%CI（-0.81,0.43）,P=0.55]与侧位片胫骨角[WMD=-1.37,95%CI（-3.73,0.99）,P=0.25],正位片股骨角[WMD=0.30,95%CI（-1.37,1.96）,P=0.72]与侧位片股骨角[WMD=-0.93,95%CI（-1.98,0.12）,P=0.08],并发症发生率[RR=0.84,95%CI（0.45,1.58）,P=0.60]比较,差异无统计学意义。机器人辅助TKA组手术时间长于传统TKA组[WMD=14.28,95%CI（0.79,27.77）,P=0.04]。结论：在全膝关节置换术中使用机器人辅助系统可明显提高假体固定精度,更好地重建下肢力线,并有减轻患者术后疼痛、促进膝关节功能恢复的潜在优势。受纳入文献数量与质量的限制,未来仍需长期随访的高质量随机对照研究对本文结论加以佐证。     

机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换的短期疗效分析

目的　探讨机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）的短期疗效。方法　回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年3月于我科采用MAKO机器人系统辅助植入臼杯行THA手术治疗的79例（100髋）病人的临床资料,纳入机器人辅助组,并选择同一手术医师施行的80例（100髋）徒手THA病人纳入对照组,均采用标准髋关节后外侧入路。收集比较两组病人的围手术期相关信息,如手术时间、住院时间、髋臼杯位置、术后下肢长度差异（limb length discrepancy, LLD）、围手术期并发症及髋关节Harris评分（hip Harris score, HHS）。结果　病人术后均得到3个月以上随访,两组均未发生髋关节脱位、无菌性松动、假体周围感染或翻修。机器人辅助组的手术时间为（95.92±15.64） min,明显长于对照组的（83.12±18.22） min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=3.309,P=0.001）。两组的术后HHS均较术前显著改善,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的前倾角、外展角、LLD和偏心距差异分别为19.05°±5.03°、41.14°±3.66°、（2.87±3.75） mm、（3.34±1.79） mm,对照组分别为16.91°±5.48°、40.35°±6.57°、（4.23±3.12） mm、（3.98±2.04） mm;两组的前倾角和LLD比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但两组间的外展角和偏心距差异比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的手术假体位于Lewinnek安全区内的比例更高（91% vs. 82%）,但两组间比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.468,P=0.063）。结论　机器人辅助THA能够优化髋臼杯假体植入的精确性,不增加手术的并发症,但其远期效果仍需进一步研究证实。     

混合型单髁与全膝关节置换治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效比较

目的：探讨Oxford第3代混合型单髁置换（unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA）与全膝关节置换（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年10月行膝关节置换术的156例患者,男44例,女112例,年龄50~75（58.76±4.97）岁。根据不同治疗方式分为单侧TKA组和单侧Oxford第3代混合型UKA组。单侧TKA 81例（81膝）,男23例,女58例,年龄51~75（58.60±5.01）岁;单侧Oxford第3代混合型UKA 75例（75膝）,男21例,女54例,年龄50~72（58.92±4.95）岁。比较两组临床评估指标,包括手术一般情况、相关并发症、美国膝关节协会评分（American Knee Society score,AKSS）临床评分和功能评分;影像评估指标包括髋膝踝角（hip-knee-ankle angle,HKA）、股骨假体内外翻角（femoral component valgus/varus angle,FCVA）、股骨假体后倾角（femoral component posterior slope angle,FCPSA）、胫骨假体内外翻角（tibial component valgus/varus angle,TCVA）、胫骨假体后倾角（tibial component posterior slope angle,TCPSA）,是否发生膝关节外侧间室进展、衬垫脱位、假体下沉、松动。结果：UKA组术中出血量、手术时间、住院天数均显著优于TKA组（P<0.05）,两组术后均未出现并发症。两组患者均获随访,时间24~54（38.01±8.90）个月。末次随访两组AKSS临床评分、功能评分、HKA均优于术前（P<0.05）。末次随访UKA组AKSS临床评分、功能评分均优于TKA组（P<0.05）,TKA组HKA优于UKA组（P<0.05）。末次随访两组TCVA、FCVA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,UKA组TCPSA、FCPSA大于TKA组（P<0.05）,UKA组未出现外侧室进展。结论：Oxford第3代混合型UKA治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎,较TKA具有手术创伤小、失血量少、手术时间短、住院时间短、术后快速康复、膝关节功能恢复更好等优势,疗效满意。     

个体化股骨远端外旋截骨全膝关节置换术对膝关节骨性关节炎病人关节功能及康复效果的影响

目的 探究个体化股骨远端外旋截骨全膝关节置换术（TKA）对膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）病人膝关节功能及康复效果的影响。方法 选取2021年3月至2022年3月我院医治的98例KOA病人,依据随机数字表法分为两组,各49例。对照组采用常规TKA治疗,研究组采用个体化股骨远端外旋截骨TKA治疗。比较两组围术期情况,手术前后纽约特种外科医院膝关节评分（HSS）、美国膝关节学会评分（KSS）、关节活动度,以及关节液基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）、关节液肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等康复效果相关指标,冠状位股骨远端机械轴外侧角（mLDFA）、下肢机械轴夹角（HKA）等力线参数,支撑时间百分比、步幅、步速等步态参数,疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分,关节炎生活质量测量量表2（AIMS2）评分,术后并发症。结果 两组随访时间均在6个月以上,无失访病例。研究组住院时间明显短于对照组［（6.24±1.18） d vs. （7.36±1.05） d］,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后研究组并发症发生率（6.12%）与对照组（10.20%）相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组术后各项指标均较术前改善,且研究组术后第3、6个月HSS评分、KSS稳定性评分、活动度均高于对照组,冠状位mLDFA、HKA均低于对照组,支撑时间百分比、步速、步幅均高于对照组,VAS评分、AIMS2评分低于对照组,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后第3个月,研究组和对照组关节液TNF-α、sICAM-1、MMP-9水平均低于术前（P＜0.05）,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 与常规TKA治疗相比,个体化股骨远端外旋截骨TKA治疗能降低关节液TNF-α、sICAM-1、MMP-9水平,改善关节力线参数,提高膝关节功能,调整步态参数,降低术后疼痛程度,提高病人术后生活质量。     

膝骨关节炎单髁置换术后下肢冠状位力线对早期临床效果的影响

目的 探讨单髁置换术（unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA）后不同的下肢冠状位力线对早期临床效果的影响。方法 2018年8月至2019年6月,对93例（102膝）UKA术后病人进行回顾性分析,根据术后下肢力线将102膝分为三组,轻度内翻组（0°~3°）36膝、中等内翻组（3°~6°）37膝和重度内翻组（6°以上）29膝。比较三组术前及末次随访时的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学（the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities,WOMAC）骨关节炎指数及膝关节功能活动度,评估病人术后满意度。结果 随访24~34个月,平均27.1个月。末次随访时各组WOMAC评分以及轻度内翻组、中等内翻组的活动度均显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。轻度内翻组、中等内翻组末次随访的活动度值均显著优于重度内翻组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但轻度内翻组和中度内翻组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。中度内翻组中有更多的病人（70%）认为非常满意（P=0.028）。结论 UKA术中将力线调整至内翻0°~6°均可获得不错的膝关节功能评分及活动度,但UKA术后力线在3°~6°范围内的病人较0°~3°组可有更好的早期满意度。     

膝内外翻畸形对全膝关节置换术后下肢力线的影响

目的探讨不同程度膝内外翻畸形对全膝关节置换(TKA)术后下肢力线的影响。方法回顾性分析自2012-03—2014-05初次TKA前后均摄双下肢全长负重位X线片的120例膝内外翻畸形,探讨不同程度膝内外翻畸形对TKA术后下肢力线的影响。根据术前髋-膝-踝角(HKA)分为3组,比较3组间术后HKA的差异,并对术前与术后HKA间的关系进行线性回归分析。此外,分析术后下肢机械轴长度(LMAL)相对术前的变化及3组间LMAL平均改变量的差异。结果所有患肢的HKA、MPTA术前与术后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但KPVA术前与术后的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。86.57%(116/134)的患肢TKA术后LMAL比术前延长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而非手术侧LMAL术前与术后比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。正常组、轻度畸形组和重度畸形组中术后HKA在-3°~3°范围内分别占90.48%、81.25%和34.69%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前与术后HKA散点图分析表明两者间存在线性回归关系。此外,术前HKA与术前KPVA散点图分析表明,两者间存在线性回归关系(F=51.197,P0.001)。3组间术前KPVA、术前MPTA的组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝内外翻严重畸形可增加TKA术后下肢力线的偏差,TKA术后LMAL大多比术前延长,其中伴有膝内外翻严重畸形延长最明显。     

带股骨距假体置换与髓内钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效对比

目的：分析采用带股骨距假体髋关节置换术与同期行闭合复位防旋股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄患者（≥ 80岁）股骨转子间不稳定型骨折（Evans Ⅲ、Ⅳ型）的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2016年6月至2018年3月采用假体置换与PFNA治疗的高龄股骨转子间不稳定型骨折患者60例,根据手术方式分为PFNA组与假体组,其中PFNA组男21例,女15例,年龄（84.3±2.9）岁;假体组男10例,女14例,年龄（82.9±2.4）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术前与术后1 d血红蛋白差值、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后3、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间12~24（19.3±4.8）个月,假体组1例1年后死于肺癌,随访终止。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术前后血红蛋白差值,假体组与PFNA组无差异（P>0.05）;下地活动时间,假体组早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;并发症出现数量,假体组少于PFNA组（P<0.05）;治疗前假体组与PFNA组Harris评分差异无统计学意义,治疗后两组评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,术后3个月随访假体组评分高于髓内钉组（P<0.05）,术后12个月差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：对高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,尤其骨质疏松严重者,实施带股骨距假体髋关节置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于高龄患者术后功能锻炼和早期下地活动,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的：探讨微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。方法：2020年4月至2020年10月治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者76例,分别采用微创股骨头置换术（假体组）与PFNA内固定术。假体组35例,女24例,男11例,年龄（86.2±6.1）岁;PFNA组41例,女28例,男13例,年龄（84.6±5.3）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后1、6、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间13~17（14.3±1.4）个月。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;PFNA组出血量少于假体组（P<0.05）;术后下地活动时间假体组明显早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术后1、6个月假体组的Harris评分高于PFNA组（P<0.05）,术后12个月两组Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。假体组并发症少于PFNA组（P<0.05）。结论：高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者,采用微创股骨头置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于术后早期康复,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

关节镜下软骨成形术在胫骨高位截骨术治疗内翻型膝骨关节炎中的应用

目的 探讨关节镜下软骨成形术结合胫骨高位截骨术（high tibial osteotomy,HTO）治疗内翻型膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年5月至2020年5月我科收治的39例施行HTO的内翻型膝骨关节炎病人,其中在关节镜下对损伤的软骨行成形术的18例纳入观察组,另外21例未在关节镜下对软骨损伤进行处理的病人作为对照组,比较两组病人手术前后的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学（WOMAC）关节炎指数、疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、胫骨近端内侧角（medial proximal tibial angle,MPTA）和股胫角（femora tibial angle,FTA）,以及两组病人手术前后屈伸角度和屈曲达90°所用时间。结果 两组病人手术后WOMAC指数、VAS评分和FTA均较术前显著降低,MPTA较术前明显增大,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。另外,两组病人之间术前和术后随访中,MPTA、FTA并无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而观察组术后WOMAC指数及VAS评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组术后末次随访时屈曲和伸直角度明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）,并且观察组屈曲角度达90°所用时间明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 关节镜下软骨成形术结合HTO治疗内翻型膝骨关节炎,疗效肯定,可以显著缓解病人疼痛症状,使病人能够早期高效地开始功能锻炼,获得更好的功能状态。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.