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1.
目的 为进一步做好急性迟缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测,保持无脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)状态。方法 对内蒙古自治区通辽市2000-2004年AFP病例的流行病学特征及监测系统运转情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 通辽市共报告AFP病例69例.小于15岁儿童非脊灰AFP病例年报告平均发病率为2.34/10万。合格粪便标本采集率为79.71%;分离出4株肠道病毒,其中1株Ⅰ型脊灰病毒,1株Ⅱ、Ⅲ型混合型脊灰病毒,均为疫苗株:非脊灰肠道病毒分离率为5.80%;AFP病例监测系统各项指标均达到要求。根据病毒学分类标准,报告的AFP病例均为脊灰排除病例。口服脊灰疫苗强化免疫活动第1轮年报告平均接种率为99.20%,第2轮为99.31%。结论 1993-2004年已连续12年未发生脊灰野病毒引起的病例,继续保持无脊灰状态,做好常规免疫和AFP病例合格粪便标本的采集,提高AFP病例首诊报告率,是无脊灰证实阶段的重要工作。  相似文献   

2.
四川省近4年高危急性弛缓性麻痹病例的发现及处理   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
目的:探讨早期发现与处理高危急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例。方法:开展高危AFP病例早期流行病学调查与评估,针对性实施脊灰疫苗应急强化免疫。结果:发现高危AFP16例,发病年龄0~3岁,1岁占56.25%;2例有聚集性;13例检出脊灰疫苗病毒,其中4例为Ⅱ型疫苗重组株,密切接触者检出3株与病例同源脊灰Ⅱ型疫苗重组株病毒;13例残留麻痹;14例为超生儿童其基础免疫为“0”剂次,15县病例当地乡镇脊灰疫苗接种率平均值72.18%,低于85%者9个县,且流动和超生儿童明显低于常住和计生儿童,病例所在县均实施脊灰疫苗应急强化免疫,评估接种率均达95%以上。结论:四川省曾有脊灰Ⅱ型疫苗变异病毒在自然界的局部循环,脊灰疫苗应急强化免疫能有效阻断该变异病毒。增强AFP监测敏感性,尽早发现和及时调查处理高危AFP病例,有利于提高敏锐发现、有力阻断输入性脊灰野病毒传播循环的整体能力。  相似文献   

3.
目的证实2004年贵州省贞丰县发生的Ⅰ型疫苗衍生株脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒循环(cVDPVs),分析cVDPVs发生原因,及时发现脊灰野病毒(wild—poliovirus)、疫苗衍生株脊灰病毒(VDPVs)和临床相似症状的其他脊灰疫苗相关株病毒。方法对疫区进行流行病学现场调查,采集急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例及密切接触者粪便标本进行脊灰病毒(PV)分离鉴定与基因序列测定,并对贞丰县近几年报告AFP病例及接触者粪便标本病毒学监测结果进行分析。结果从贞丰县挽澜乡2例AFP病例和3名密切接触者粪便标本中分离到Ⅰ型VDPVs;发生Ⅰ型cVDPVs事件后,5例诊断为临床符合脊灰的AFP病例中有3例分离到Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型脊灰疫苗相关株病毒;病毒学监测结果显示,贞丰县人群中肠道病毒阳性检出率(55.1%)明显高于贵州全省水平(23.2%),2004年PV分离率(36.8%)明显高于往年,16株PV中Ⅰ型所占比例(43.8%)明显高于贵州全省平均水平(18.3%)。结论脊灰Ⅰ型VDPVs已经在贞丰县引起了循环(cVDPVs);人群中PV和非脊灰肠道病毒带毒率明显增高及疫苗接种率严重低下,是该次Ⅰ型cVDPVs发生的原因;应加强无脊灰状态下疫苗接种率的评估和早期疫情预测工作。  相似文献   

4.
2000年周口市报告的急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例粪便标本经过检测,无脊灰野病毒病例。各项监测指标全部达到了消灭灰要求,AFP病例双份合格粪便标本采集率为87.50%,全年分离出11株脊灰疫苗株病毒,非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)检出率为6.25%;县、市两级医院报告的病例数占总报告AFP病例数的76.56%,县、市两级医院初诊并上报的占其初诊病例的76.32%。经分析未全程免疫的AFP病例数占总报告数的28.13%,零剂次免疫儿童占报告AFP病例的4.69%;初诊后我市未报告的病例占14.06%。在无脊灰证实工作完成后,我市AFP病例监测工作仍需加强。  相似文献   

5.
新疆维吾尔自治区自 1995年起已连续 8年无脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )病例报告 ,但周边国家仍有脊灰野病毒流行 ,为及时发现可能输入的脊灰野病毒 ,指导无脊灰后的监测工作 ,对脊灰实验室监测资料进行了分析 ,结果表明 :新疆维吾尔自治区 1999~ 2 0 0 1的共检测了 2 86例急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例的粪便标本 ,从中分离到肠道病毒37株 ,其中脊灰病毒 11株 ,经确认均为脊灰疫苗株病毒 ,未发现本土和输入的脊灰野病毒。要维持无脊灰状态 ,必须保证AFP病例监测系统的及时性、敏感性、完整性。  相似文献   

6.
龙岩市2006~2008年急性弛缓型麻痹病例监测分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的评价龙岩市2006~2008年急性弛缓型麻痹(AFP)病例监测情况,维持无脊髓灰质炎状态。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法。结果2006~2008年AFP病例监测系统共报告非脊灰AFP病例28例,<15岁儿童非脊灰AFP病例报告发病率2006年为1.90/10万,2007年为1.95/10万, 2008年为1.57/10万,但个别县出现监测医院AFP病例报告不及时与全县年度无AFP病例报告。所有病例中分离到Ⅰ型脊灰疫苗株变异病毒1例,Ⅱ型疫苗株病毒1例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ混合型疫苗株病毒1例,并检测到非脊灰肠道病毒3例。结论龙岩市AFP监测系统各项监测指标均达到卫生部规定的指标,应继续保持高水平的免疫接种率,进一步提高AFP病例监测系统的敏感性、及时性,巩固无脊髓灰质炎成果。  相似文献   

7.
目的:分析河北省脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)实验室的监测状况,及时监测可能出现的脊髓灰质炎疫苗衍生株(VDPV)或输入脊灰野病毒,以防止其扩散。方法:按世界卫生组织《脊髓灰质炎病毒检验手册》进行病毒分离与血清定型,用PCR—RFLP法和ELISA法做型内鉴定。结果:河北省脊灰实验室各项监测指标均达到世界卫生组织和卫生部的要求。2003-2004年共采集了743例急性驰缓性麻痹(AFP)病例粪例标本,所有标本用L20B、RD和Hep-23种细胞同时进行肠道病毒分离。分离到脊灰病毒(PV)67株,非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)74株。从AFP病例及其密切接触者粪便标本中共分离到P、79株,用血清型中和试验和PCR—RFLP法进行型内鉴定,结果为Ⅰ型8株,Ⅱ型24株,Ⅲ型20株,混合型15株,PV+NPEV7株,疫苗变异株5株。将PV混合株进行单型分离后,所有单型毒株共107株,经ELISA试验鉴定,其中疫苗类似株(SL)104株,占97.2%,双反应株(DRV)17株,占2.8%。结论:河北省2003-2004年未发现疫苗衍生脊灰病毒或输人性脊灰野病毒。  相似文献   

8.
湖南省1991~2000年AFP病例及接触者病毒学监测结果分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 通过在全省建立急性弛缓性麻痹 ( AFP)病例监测系统并开展脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )病毒学监测工作 ,证实湖南省实现无脊灰目标。 方法 收集全省 15岁以下 AFP病例及其接触者粪便标本 ,采用 WHO规定方法进行病毒分离与鉴定 ,脊灰阳性毒株送国家脊灰实验室进行型内鉴别。 结果  10年共检测 AFP病例粪便标本 14 0 4例 ( 2 760份 ) ,接触者粪便标本 2 16例 ,病毒分离阳性的 4 5 9例 ,其中脊灰 I型野病毒 7例 ,脊灰疫苗相关株病毒 92例 ,脊灰疫苗相关株病毒与肠道病毒混合 10例 ,非脊灰肠道病毒 3 5 0例 ,自 1993年 7月以后未再检出脊灰野病毒。 结论 监测结果表明我省实施的消灭脊灰策略效果显著 ,已成功地阻断了脊灰野病毒的传播 ,按期实现了区域无脊灰的目标  相似文献   

9.
目的:通过对江西省2000年~2006年急性迟缓性麻痹病例的病原学监测,为证实江西省消灭脊髓灰质炎提供准确的、可靠的科学依据。方法:按照WHO扩大免疫规划和传染性疾病部《脊髓灰质炎病毒经验手册》推荐的方法进行病毒的分离与鉴定。脊髓灰质炎病毒阳性标本送国家脊髓灰质炎实验室用FIT—PCR—RFLP法和ELISA法进行型内鉴定。结果:1312例AFP病例粪便标本,经病毒的分离与鉴定为:脊灰病毒110株,其中脊灰I型13株,Ⅱ型44株,Ⅲ型28株,PV混合15株,P+E混合10株。除Ⅱ型均为疫苗相关株外,I型1株有3个核苷酸序列变异,Ⅲ型有7株有1~6个核苷酸序列变异,未发现脊灰野毒株和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(VDPV)。分离非脊灰肠道病毒193株。结论:江西省2000年-2006年急性迟缓性麻痹病例中未发现脊灰野病毒存在,且实验室的各项监测指标都达到控制标准,从而证实江西省消灭了脊灰野病毒。2006年脊灰Ⅲ型的核苷酸变异,提示我们要警惕疫苗变异循环的发生,一定要提高脊灰疫苗免疫覆盖率,预防VDPV。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]分析开展急性驰缓性麻痹(AFP)病例、健康人群粪便标本病原学监测结果,为保持无脊灰状态提供实验室依据。[方法]病毒分离及鉴定,脊灰病毒株型内鉴别,确定疫苗株或野病毒株。[结果]青海省2000~2009年AFP病例、健康人群粪便标本1613份,分离出脊髓灰质炎病毒22株,分离率为1.36%,其中脊灰I型疫苗株3株,脊灰II型疫苗株2株,脊灰III型疫苗株9株,脊灰混合型疫苗株8株,无脊灰野病毒株。分离到非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)187株,分离率为11.59%。[结论]该省2000~2009年无本地脊灰野毒株病例流行,阻断了脊灰本地野病毒的传播,保持了无脊灰状态。  相似文献   

11.
In 1996, China adopted a virological classification of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases for its surveillance system. Only AFP cases with wild poliovirus in stool specimens are confirmed as polio. Cases with adequate stool specimens that are negative for wild poliovirus are not counted. This paper describes a methodology to rule out poliomyelitis in AFP cases with inadequate stool specimens. National surveillance data were analysed using dot maps to detect clusters of AFP cases with high-risk factors for poliomyelitis. The surveillance system and vaccine coverage were assessed during field investigations. Four clusters of AFP cases were identified, but no poliomyelitis cases. Programmatic failures in the identified high-risk areas included low vaccination rates, poor stool specimen collection and inadequate AFP surveillance. Programme strategies were implemented to correct the identified failures. Use of this methodology provides strong evidence consistent with the absence of wild poliovirus in China.  相似文献   

12.
For Australia to be declared polio free, evidence of the absence of circulation of wild poliovirus was required by the Regional Commission for the Certification of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Western Pacific in August 2000. Data on surveillance of poliomyelitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), vaccine associated paralytic polio and enteroviruses were provided to document the absence of circulation of wild poliovirus. The last wild poliomyelitis virus case in Australia was in 1972. AFP surveillance has improved since it was initiated in 1995 and achieved a rate of 0.94 per 100,000 population in 1999. No wild polioviruses have been isolated from stool samples of AFP cases. Australia has in place a comprehensive network of laboratories for enterovirus surveillance and this provides further evidence for the absence of wild poliovirus infection. The immunisation coverage in the country has been over 80 per cent over the last 3 years. If there were an importation of a case of poliomyelitis into Australia, a national outbreak response would be coordinated through the Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Plans for containment of laboratory stocks of wild poliovirus are being implemented. The evidence provided was sufficient to satisfy the Regional Commission that there was no wild poliovirus circulating in the region and enabled Australia to be declared polio free on October 29, 2000 along with the other 36 countries in the Western Pacific Region. Australia must remain vigilant against importations of wild poliovirus from endemic countries and maintain high immunisation coverage and sensitive surveillance systems.  相似文献   

13.
目的分析贵州省脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)实验室监测数据,评估运转情况,为贵州省继续维持无脊灰状态提供实验室数据。方法采用病毒分离、鉴定与核苷酸序列分析的方法,对贵州省2006-2010年报告的急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例、接触者及其他人群粪便标本进行病毒学检测和结果分析。结果 2006-2010年贵州省脊灰实验室共收到2 204份AFP病例粪便标本,332份AFP病例接触者粪便标本,310份其他人群粪便标本。从AFP病例中分离到非脊灰其他肠道病毒(NPEV)209株,脊灰病毒(PV)54株;从AFP病例接触者中分离到NPEV33株,PV6株;其他人群中分离到NPEV27株,PV9株。所有PV阳性分离物均送到国家脊灰实验室进行型内鉴定,全部为疫苗相关株。贵州省脊灰实验室每次均通过WHO和国家脊灰实验室的能力验证和现场认证评估。结论 2006-2010年贵州省脊灰实验室监测系统运转正常,未发现脊灰野病毒(WPV)或疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(VDPV)。贵州省继续保持无脊灰状态。  相似文献   

14.
目的:为总结四川省实现无脊灰目标的经验,探讨AFP病例监测系统在实现无脊灰目标中的作用。方法:对四川省1991-2000年AFP病例监测系统所获资料与常规疫情报告资料进行对比分析。结果:分析发现四川省自1997年起,无论是AFP病例监测系统还是常规疫情报告系统均无脊灰病例报告,但是AFP病例监测系统采用被动与主动两套信息系统收集资料,两个系统资料相互映证与监督,并得到实验室的支持,所获数据在敏感性、特异性、及时性和完整性等方面均优于传统疫情报告系统。1991-2000年AFP病例监测系统共报告AFP2354例,发现脊灰281例,而常规疫情报告系统仅报告脊灰205例。1994-2000年AFP病例监测系统共采集大便标本3706份,共检出各项脊灰病毒97株,检出毒株经国家脊灰实验室型内鉴定,均为疫苗株。结论:本文结果表明我省已无脊灰野病毒在人间循环,AFP监测系统能为证实无脊灰提供依据。  相似文献   

15.
急性弛缓性麻痹病例中“高危”临床符合病例聚集性分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
中国1996年开始使用急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例病毒学分类标准,部分未采集到合格粪便标本的AFP病例将被分类为临床符合病例。本文试图提供一种方法,对未采集到合格粪便标本的AFP病例进行分析,以发现可能潜在的脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病例,并识别相应的高危地区。全国AFP病例监测系统1997年共报告AFP病例4775例(临时数据),根据“高危”病例选择标准,从中选出了59例“高危”临床符合病例,并通过做标点地图在贵州、云南、重庆、广西4个省(自治区、直辖市)发现了5组呈聚集性分布的“高危”临床符合病例,包括病例调查、病例主动搜索、脊灰疫苗接种率调查、粪便标本采集评价在内的后续现场调查工作正在进行之中。这样的分析和调查,以及根据调查结果采取的相应改进措施,将有利于中国消灭脊灰的证实工作  相似文献   

16.
IF Angelillo  L Pavone  D Rito 《Public health》2001,115(2):130-132
The purpose of this study was to report the results of the first two years' surveillance programme of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Southern Italy (Calabria). All paediatric, neurology and infectious diseases wards from 23 hospitals were selected. Stool and serum samples to determine the presence of poliovirus were collected. Throat swabs were taken within 10 days of onset of illness. During the period March 1997-April 1999 eight cases of AFP were reported and four of them, three females and one male, occurred in children younger than 15 y of age, although none was confirmed as poliomyelitis. The rate of non-polio AFP in 1997 and 1998 was, respectively, 0.24 and 0.73 per 100 000 persons under 15 y of age. Our results demonstrated that an active surveillance has permitted us to immediately detect AFP cases and to exclude those due to wild polio virus and to vaccine-associated cases and indicated that our area seems to be 'polio-free'.  相似文献   

17.
目的 分析脊灰野病毒输入成都市并传播的风险,为预防与控制脊髓灰质炎提供科学依据.方法 收集并分析成都市人群免疫资料、急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测资料、人群流动情况.结果 2008-2011年上半年成都市脊灰疫苗报告接种率、调查接种率、快速评估接种率都在94%以上,脊灰疫苗强化免疫和查漏补种活动前搜索到1岁以上“0剂次”儿童1211名;2008-2010年年平均报告发病率3.2/10万,系统监测的敏感性、及时性和完整性指标均明显超过卫生部要求.结论 成都市的脊灰疫苗接种率达到了较高指标,监测系统运转良好,但存在免疫空白人群,及监测系统漏报现象,脊灰野病毒传入成都市的危险性随时存在,且具有传播的风险.  相似文献   

18.
In March 2001, a 13-month-old unvaccinated Roma (i.e., gypsy) girl from Bourgas, Bulgaria, had onset of bilateral leg weakness. The National Enterovirus Laboratory in the capital city of Sofia subsequently isolated a wild type 1 poliovirus in the patient's stool. In April, a second case, with wild type 1 poliovirus isolate was found in lambol located approximately 50 mileswest of Bourgas in an unvaccinated 26-month-old Roma girl who had onset of paralysis of both legs. Subsequent analyses indicated that these viruses were related closely to a strain isolated from Uttar Pradesh, India, in July 2000. A third confirmed case with clinical and serologic evidence of poliomyelitis was diagnosed in a 3-month-old Roma boy in Bourgas who had onset of paralysis on May 7. Following the identification of the poliovirus, the Bulgarian Ministry of Health implemented contact investigations, screening of children at high risk, retrospective record review, intensified acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, and mass vaccinations. This report summarizes the outbreak investigation and supplemental vaccination activities in response to these polio cases. High routine vaccination coverage and certification standard AFP surveillance are necessary to detect rapidly and prevent the spread of poliovirus importations in areas and countries where polio is not endemic.  相似文献   

19.
目的评估河北省脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)实验室的监测状况,为河北省维持无脊灰状态提供实验室依据。方法分析11个市急性驰缓性麻痹(AFP)病例个案调查表数据库、国家脊灰实验室反馈结果及河北省脊灰实验室的监测数据,评价实验室的各项监测指标。结果河北省脊灰实验室各项监测指标均达到世界卫生组织和卫生部的要求。2007年共采集了356例急性驰缓性麻痹(AFP)病例的710份粪便标本,按世界卫生组织(WHO)《脊髓灰质炎实验室手册》的要求进行病毒分离和鉴定。分离到脊灰病毒(PV)18例,分离率为5.1%;非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)23例,分离率为6.5%。从AFP病例的密切接触者粪便标本中分离到PV2例,非脊灰肠道病毒2例。28d内分离结果及时率为92.7%。国家脊灰实验室对这20株脊灰病毒进行了VP,基因核苷酸序列测定和分析,未发现脊灰野病毒。结论河北省2007继续维持无脊灰状态,脊灰实验室各项监测指标均达到世界卫生组织的要求,监测系统敏感,为维持无脊灰提供了实验室依据。  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence according to the requirements of the Global Commission for Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication that poliomyelitis has been eliminated in Australia. METHODS: Documentation of the surveillance of poliomyelitis, the presence of a comprehensive national immunisation program, and a network of laboratories for viral diagnosis. Active surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases was initiated in 1995 to prove that poliovirus does not cause such paralysis. Australia is also evaluating the surveillance of AFP through a retrospective hospital based study. RESULTS: The last case in Australia of polio due to wild poliovirus was seen in 1978 and the last case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis detected by serology was in 1994. The latest immunisation coverage figures for OPV3 for children under one year of age is 85.6%. The Australian National Polio Reference Laboratory has tested 821 enteroviruses since 1994 and have not identified any wild poliovirus. The average rate of non-polio AFP based on 111 cases investigated for the period 1995-98 is 0.71 per 100,000 under the age of 15 years. Stool samples were collected from only 21% of cases. CONCLUSION: The process of certification of the eradication of poliomyelitis in Australia is almost complete. Although immunisation coverage is high, improvement in AFP surveillance and stool collection is vital for the certification process. The next challenge is the containment of polioviruses. IMPLICATIONS: Although Australia and other Western Pacific countries are likely to be certified as wild-polio free in 2000, a comprehensive immunisation program and surveillance must continue for three years after global certification (expected 2003-04).  相似文献   

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