儿童家长营养知识-态度-行为健康教育效果评价

儿童正处于发育阶段，营养素的摄入量对其体格智力的发育至关重要。虽然近年来我国儿童少年营养状况有了很大改善，但仍存在着许多营养问题，无论是城市还是农村，营养不良和营养过剩现象同时存在，在我国肥胖男孩占14％，女孩占12％；儿童营养性贫血、佝偻病的发病率达30％左右。这些问题的出现，主要与人们缺乏营养知识，膳食结构与饮食习惯不合理有关。小学生的生活主要由家长来安排，家长的营养知识水平、态度及行为直接影响     

医科院校大学生营养教育的调查分析

目的：了解医学生对营养教育的需求和途径，营养知识状况，饮食行为及其相互关系，为相关干预研究提供参考依据。方法：选取南方医科大学550名大学生，采用PRECEDE-PROCEED模式设计问卷调查学生现时营养状况，对营养知识了解及饮食行为进行问卷调查。结果：所有年级学生都希望能通过选修课形式学习营养教育，不同层次生源对营养知识认知水平不一，地域及性别差异对饮食习惯有所影响。结论：医学生有较强的健康意识，营养知识处于良好水平，但仍然存在诸多不良饮食行为。营养知识、营养状况、饮食行为之间存在较强的关联。     

潮州卫校116名学生的营养调查

对潮州卫校116名学生进行了营养调查，指出学生普遍存在的营养问题主要有两方面：(1)偏食、挑食、爱吃零食、不重视早餐等不良饮食习惯；(2)热能、蛋白质、钙、VitB2、VitA等营养素不同程度摄入不足，营养状况偏差。针对上述问题。提出改善学生营养状况的建议：(1)大力开展营养卫生知识的宣传教育，引导学生平衡膳食，合理营养；(2)增强学生“营养健康型”的膳食意识，促进科学的食物消费；(3)制定切实可行、行之有效的营养政策，提高学生的营养水平。     

沈阳市郊区农村妇女饮食行为的特点分析

目的：了解农村妇女的饮食行为及其影响因素，发现农村妇女饮食行为存在的问题，为农村妇女的饮食营养健康教育提供依据。方法：对沈阳市郊区农村妇女进行整群抽样，采用现场问卷调查的方式，对420名农村妇女进行一般状况、饮食行为方式及饮食相关知识的调查。结果：农村妇女中普遍存在一些不合理的饮食行为，膳食不平衡、食物种类单一、缺乏营养饮食健康知识。结论：有必要对农村妇女进行有针对性的饮食营养健康教育，改变不合理的饮食习惯，提高其健康水平。     

沈阳医学院学生营养知识、态度和行为的调查

目的：了解沈阳医学院学生的营养知识、态度和饮食行为现状，为此后的营养宣教提供依据。方法：以《中国居民膳食指南》和《中国居民平衡膳食宝塔》为依据，采用K—A—P问卷形式对一年级全体学生进行营养知识、态度和饮食行为的调查。结果：大学生营养知识及格率为71．1％。奶类及海产品含钙高知晓率最高，为93．9％。90．8％的学生愿意接受营养知识，41．6％的学生愿意通过报刊、杂志、宣传画途径获得营养知识，获得营养知识后能改变行为的仅占30．2％。结论：学生对营养知识缺乏全面深入的了解，饮食行为不合理，应加强对医学生营养知识方面的宣传教育。     

攀枝花市东区中小学生营养状况分析

目的了解攀枝花市东区中小学生营养状况。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法抽取攀枝花市东区三所中小学校2970名学生2007年的健康体检资料，用Rohrer指数进行营养状况评价。结果中小学生过度瘦弱率为1．0％，瘦弱率为11．4％，中等率为72．5％，肥胖率10．3％，过度肥胖率4．8％；营养中等率中学生（76．0％）高于小学生（70．6％）；肥胖与过度肥胖率小学生（17．2％）高于中学生（11．3％）。过度肥胖率男生（5．8％）高于女生（3．9％）。结论攀枝花市东区中小学生营养不足和营养过剩均存在，尤以营养过剩突出，应引起家庭、学校和社会的共同关注，加强学生及家长的营养知识宣传教育，培养学生良好的饮食行为，纠正不良的营养态度和行为，提倡合理营养，平衡膳食，加强体育锻炼，改善学生营养状况。     

新疆医科大学维吾尔族大学生营养知识、态度、膳食行为调查

目的：调查新疆医科大学维吾尔族大学生营养知识的掌握情况及对合理营养的态度和行为情况，以便指导学生正确的饮食行为，改正不良饮食习惯，提高学生营养知识水平。方法：采用自行设计的问卷调查表，随机抽取254名在校维吾尔族大学生进行营养知识、态度、膳食行为调查。结果：男女大学生对营养知识的态度积极，其中女生营养知识得分高于男生；大部分学生将食物的营养价值做为选择食物的依据；绝大多数学生想了解营养知识，并愿意改正不良饮食习惯。结论：新疆医科大学维吾尔族大学生常识性营养知识得分较高，饮食行为较合理，但相关的营养知识缺乏，应加强饮食行为的正确引导，提高学生营养知识水平，并端正营养态度。     

农村学生及家长膳食营养KPA调查及干预效果分析

学生良好的膳食习惯的形成与家长有着密切的关系,家长缺乏膳食营养知识,将会直接导致自己及学生的膳食行为偏差.农村学生及家长由于受地理位置、经济条件等诸多因素的影响,不能掌握正确的膳食营养知识,极易形成不良膳食习惯.为促进招远市农村学生及家长正确膳食行为的形成,对其进行了膳食营养知识-态度-行为(KPA)调查并实施了干预.     

金坛市小学生营养知识、态度、行为及相关因素研究

目的:了解目前金坛市小学生营养相关知识、态度、行为(KAP)水平及其影响因素,为在小学生中开展营养教育提供依据.方法:选取金坛市3所学校共462名五年级小学生,采用自填问卷方式进行调查.结果:调查对象营养K、A、P分的及格率分别为44.5%、84.6%、86.9%,主要缺乏对中国居民膳食指南、营养与健康相关知识等方面的了解.母亲文化程度、学生性别和学校是被访者营养知识、态度及行为的主要影响因素.此外,营养知识、态度及行为3者间存在相关性.调查对象营养知识的实际来源主要是老师、家长和广播电视.结论:金坛市小学生的营养知识水平普遍较低,营养行为存在不合理现象,但改变不合理膳食结构的态度良好.应加强小学生的营养健康教育,提高学龄儿童的营养知识,改善其饮食行为.     

女大学生饮食行为、营养状况及影响因素调查分析

目的了解目前女大学生的饮食行为、营养知识水平、营养状况及其影响因素，以发现存在的问题，为提出有效的改善措施打下基础。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法在武汉市抽取两所院校的426名女生作为调查对象，采用问卷形式进行调查，并对其营养状况进行评价。结果被调查的女生中37．09％有时不吃早餐，3．29％1日只吃2餐，15．26％每日餐次不定，饮食无规律，34．74％经常吃零食，35．92％只偶尔饮或从不饮牛奶或豆浆；女生的营养知识偏低；女生中营养不良者占31．69％，超重者占0．94％，无肥胖者，但对自己体型感到不满意的占63．84％，其中有54．14％的人采取了各种减肥措施；营养状况影响因素的多元线性逐步回归分析表明，饮食无规律、食欲差、进食速度慢、经常吃零食、生活费用低与营养不良的发生有关。结论一些不合理的饮食和生活行为方式在部分女生中存在，可能对其营养和健康状况带来影响，应引起足够重视。在女大学生中有针对性地开展营养健康教育是非常必要的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.