经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的　对应用经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效、适应证和手术方法进行总结分析。方法　随访 4 9例应用经皮穿针固定治疗的肱骨近端新鲜闭合骨折患者 ,平均随访时间 16 9个月。患者平均年龄 4 0 4岁。 2部分外科颈骨折 39例 ,2部分大结节骨折 6例 ,外展嵌插 4部分骨折 4例。最终随访时进行ASES评分、Constant Murley评分、UCLA评分以及SST(SimpleShoulderTest)问卷评估。结果　 4 9例患者ASES评分平均为 91 4 ,VAS疼痛评分平均为 1 7,肩关节活动度平均为前屈上举 14 6 7°,外旋 39 6°,内旋T8～T9水平 ;Constant Murley评分平均为 88 2 ;UCLA评分平均为 31 2 ;SST问卷中回答“是”的问题平均为 10 1个。 4 9例患者骨折均愈合 ,平均愈合时间为 8 8周。患者对于疼痛的满意度为 95 9% (4 7/ 4 9) ,对于功能恢复的满意度为 91 8% (4 5 / 4 9)。最终随访时均未出现肱骨头坏死的征象。结论　应用经皮穿针固定治疗大多数 2部分外科颈骨折、外展嵌插型的 2部分大结节骨折以及外展嵌插 4部分骨折可得到良好的治疗效果 ;结合及时、充分的术后康复 ,经皮穿针固定是治疗特定类型肱骨近端骨折的一种有效的方法     

缝合锚钉在治疗粉碎性肱骨大结节骨折的临床应用

目的探讨有限切开应用缝合锚钉治疗粉碎性肱骨大结节骨折的初期临床疗效。方法 2007年11月至2009年11月,本组有限切开应用缝合锚钉治疗粉碎性肱骨大结节骨折16例,男9例,女7例,年龄42～73岁,平均58.7岁。根据Neer分型,均为Ⅱ部分大结节骨折,骨折块至少三块,其中新鲜骨折10例,陈旧骨折4例,2例翻修;经肩关节外侧切口做有限切开,较大的骨折块用Herbert或中空螺钉固定,粉碎者在解剖颈骨折处拧入5.0mm锚钉,用其缝线经肩袖肌腱缝合固定。末次随访时采用美国肩肘外科医师（ASES）评分,Constant-Murley评分标准进行评分。结果 16例患者获得术后平均11.2个月（7～16个月）随访,X线片显示骨折对位满意,所有患者骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间8.6周（6～12周）。根据ASES及ConstantMurley肩关节评分系统,本组患者的ASES评分平均95.4分（82～100分）,Constant-Murley评分平均96.2分（84～100分）;肩关节功能：前屈上举平均167°（100°～180°）;体侧外旋平均60.5°（40°～90°）,内旋手指尖可到达T7-T8（T12-T5）棘突水平。本组未出现内固定失效、骨折移位和腋神经损伤等并发症。结论应用缝合锚钉是治疗用常规方法无法固定的粉碎性肱骨大结节骨折的一种安全有效方法。     

经皮顺行克氏针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：对应用经皮顺行克氏针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的适应证、手术方法和疗效进行总结分析。方法：应用经皮顺行穿针固定治疗肱骨近端闭合骨折32例，男7例，女25例；年龄28-75岁，平均49．25岁。Neer外科颈2部分骨折20例，3部分骨折9例，4部分骨折3例。结果：32例均获随访，随访时间8-34个月，平均13．5个月。按Con—stant-Murley功能评分标准：优21例，良9例，可2例。结论：经皮顺行穿针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折，结合有计划的康复治疗，操作简单、疗效可靠。不但可用于治疗外科颈2部分骨折，而且还可选择性地应用于3、4部分骨折的治疗。     

肱骨近端内固定锁室系统接骨板治疗肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨利用AO肱骨近端内固定锁室系统(proximal humeral internal locking system,PHILOS)接骨板切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折的术后疗效.方法 对11例平均年龄42岁的肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折的患者进行手术治疗.术中注意保护小结节内侧的骨膜连续性,仅在结节间沟外侧进行显露,肱骨头复位后骨缺损处行自体骨或同种异体骨移植,PImDS接骨板板内固定.结果 经平均20个月的随访发现1例肱骨头坏死,坏死率为9.1%.肩关节平均前屈上举150°、外旋20°、内旋Th12,JOA评分平均91分.结论 利用PHILOS接骨板切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折取得了良好的疗效.     

闭合复位经皮穿针治疗肱骨近端移位骨折

目的探讨闭合复位经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端移位骨折的临床疗效。方法2004年6月～2006年6月,采用闭合复位、经皮穿针治疗15例肱骨近端移位新鲜骨折。结果15例随访12～24个月,平均15.8月,肩关节功能评分采用Neer评分法,优9例,良4例,可2例,优良率86.7%（13/15）。所有骨折在术后8～12周愈合,无固定失效,未出现肱骨头坏死。术中1例断针,术后1例针游移穿出,1例腋神经部分损伤。结论闭合复位经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端移位新鲜骨折手术固定可靠,术后可早期功能锻炼,疗效满意。     

闭合复位穿针内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨采用闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法应用克氏针经皮穿针内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折16例。结果16例均获随访,时间3～15个月,平均8个月。无骨折不愈合、骨髓炎、肱骨头坏死等并发症。骨折愈合后按Neer标准评分,优良率81．3％。结论闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折具有操作简单、创伤小、利于骨折愈合、住院时间短等优点,是治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的一种有效方法。     

闭合复位穿针内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨采用闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法肱骨近端骨折患者32例，均在C臂X光机透视下行闭合复位、经皮克氏针内固定治疗。结果32例均获随访，平均8（3～15）个月，骨折均愈合。克氏针松动9例，脱出3例，针孔感染4例。无神经损伤、骨髓炎、肱骨头坏死等并发症。疗效按Neer肩关节功能评分：优19例，良7例，可5例，差1例，优良率81．2％。结论闭合复位经皮穿针内固定具有操作简单、创伤小、利于骨折愈合等优点，是治疗肱骨近端骨折的有效方法之一。     

切开复位内固定治疗陈旧性肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨采用切开复位内固定治疗陈旧性肱骨近端骨折的临床效果.方法 2005年1月至2008年7月,采用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗陈旧性肱骨近端骨折患者26例,男11例,女15例;年龄22～81岁,平均49.3岁;左侧16例,右侧10例.手术距受伤时间22～510 d,平均88 d.骨折类型:两部分外科颈骨折12例,两部分小结节骨折1例,两部分大结节骨折7例,三部分大结节骨折3例,四部分骨折2例(均非外展嵌插型骨折),头劈裂型骨折1例.其中6例患者合并其他部位骨折.应用ASES评分、Constant评分、UCLA评分以及SST问卷进行功能评分,并记录肩关节活动范围、疼痛程度,按不同性别、年龄、伤侧、手术次数、是否存在其他损伤进行多因素方差分析;对手术时间和结果进行相关分析;并对骨折类型、手术方式、是否出现并发症进行比较.结果 26例患者随访时间为12～30个月,平均16.9个月.肩关节活动范围平均为:前屈上举137.3°±35.1°,外旋28.9°±24.1°,内旋达T_(10)水平.VAS评分为(0.7±1.2)分;Constant评分为(83.1±17.9)分;UCLA评分为(28.9±6.0)分;SST为8.7个.不同性别组仅在内旋活动方面存在明显差异.不同年龄、伤侧、手术次数、手术时间、固定方式、骨折类型、是否出现并发症之间无统计学差异.结论 陈旧性肱骨近端骨折在规范治疗的前提下,可以采用切开复位内固定进行治疗.     

闭合复位穿针内固定治疗肱骨近端NeerⅡ型骨折

目的探讨闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗肱骨近端NeerⅡ型骨折的疗效。方法C臂X线机透视下闭合复位克氏针经皮穿针内固定治疗肱骨近端NeerⅡ型骨折27例。结果27例均获得随访,时间315个月,无骨折不愈合、骨髓炎、肱骨头坏死等并发症。肩关节功能评估按Neer标准评分：优16例,良6例,可4例,差1例。结论闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗肱骨近端NeerⅡ型骨折,操作简单,创伤小,利于骨折愈合,医疗费用低,是治疗肱骨近端NeerⅡ型骨折的有效方法。     

闭合复位穿针内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折29例体会

本文所述肱骨外科颈骨折是指肱骨近端骨折中的肱骨外科颈一部分、二部分骨折，骨折不涉及大、小结节。我科自2001年9月至2007年3月共采用闭合复位穿针内固定治疗此类骨折共29例，取得满意效果，现报告如下。     

经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：观察经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年7月至2018年1月采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折15例,男7例,女8例;年龄23~67岁,平均46岁;左侧5例,右侧10例;Neer 2部分骨折7例,Neer 3部分骨折8例。术前和术后随访均拍摄X线片及CT以评估骨折的位置和骨折愈合的情况。临床评价包括Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分、手术并发症的分析。15例均应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗,术后均采用Constant-Murley评分评定肩关节功能。结果：15例均获随访,时间14~36个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间14~26周,平均19.1周。术后均无肱骨头坏死、腋神经损伤、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。术后3个月Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分72~94分,平均81分,优2例,良13例。结论：采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折手术操作简单,损伤小,术后肩关节功能恢复快。     

肱骨近端骨折肱骨头置换假体高度的控制

目的:评估利用大结节骨折片复位的方法,确定肱骨近端骨折肱骨头置换假体高度的临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究2015年1月至2019年12月收治并获得随访的肱骨近端骨折患者,符合肱骨头置换指征19例,男7例,女12例;左侧8例,右侧11例;年龄58~84(71.5±5.8)岁;受伤至手术时间3~18(7.9±4.3) d。根据Neer分型,3部分骨折伴脱位2例,4部分骨折17例,其中伴肱骨头脱位6例,肱骨头劈裂2例。19例采用组配式肱骨头假体,在手术过程中,试复位肱骨大结节骨折块,确定肱骨大结节顶点到肱骨标记点的距离,以此距离作为假体高度的标准。术后1年采用Constant-Murley评分,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California,Los Angeles,UCLA)肩关节评分评价肩关节功能状况及患者满意度。结果:19例均获随访,时间12~58(31.9±14.2)个月。测量手术后上臂长度26~32 cm,双侧比较误差<0.5 cm。术后3个月肩关节正侧位X线片示骨折均愈合。术后1年Constant-Murley评分(80.8±8.9)分,UCLA评分(27.9±4.8)分。术后1年患者满意度89.5%(17/19)。结论:肱骨近端骨折肱骨头假体置换手术过程中,试复位肱骨大结节骨折块,确定肱骨大结节顶点到肱骨标记点的距离,以此距离确定假体高度,方法简单准确,临床效果良好。     

A new approach for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures using the TRIGEN proximal humeral nail

The optimal surgical treatment for displaced proximal humeral fractures continues to be controversial. One of the new treatment options is the minimally invasive intramedullary nail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of using the TRIGEN proximal humeral nail (PHN) for the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients. From January 2004 to December 2008, 64 elderly patients (age > 60 years old) with displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated using TRIGEN PHN. A complete 12-month postoperative follow-up was available for 54 patients. The study cohort included two-part (29 shoulders), three-part (22 shoulders), and four-part (3 shoulders) Neer classification fracture types. The Constant-Murley score was used to assess functional outcome. Radiological outcomes were evaluated, and all complications were recorded. All fractures were united. The Constant-Murley score data indicated that the patients experienced improvement from 6 to 12 months postoperatively. The mean absolute Constant-Murley score on the injured side increased from 71.2 ± 11.2 points at 6 months to 82.4 ± 16.4 points at 12 months (P = 0.01). The mean neck-shaft angle 1 year after surgery was 125° ± 8.1° (95°–140°). Secondary complications were minimal and observed in only 6 of 54 patients. In conclusion, the TRIGEN intramedullary humeral nail is effective for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures.     

应用肱骨近端锁定型髓内针治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨应用肱骨近端髓内针治疗肱骨近端两部分外科颈骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析22例应用锁定型肱骨近端髓内针治疗两部分外科颈新鲜骨折患者的临床资料,患者平均年龄57岁。最终随访时拍摄肩关节X线片以评价愈合情况,并应用可视模拟评分法（VAS）评分,美国肩肘外科医师评分（ASES）,Constant-Murley评分,UCLA评分以及简易肩关节测验（SST）问卷评估。结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间为13个月,22例患者骨折均在术后8周内初步愈合。随访过程中未出现感染、肱骨头坏死以及任何与内固定物有关的并发症。术后患肢主动前屈上举平均为147．8°,主动体侧外旋平均为45．5°,主动内旋平均达T10水平。术后患者疼痛VAS评分平均为1．5。平均ASES评分为81．2,Constant-Murley评分为85．4,UCLA评分为29．9,SST评分为9．5。18例患者的肩关节功能评估为优或良,4例患者肩关节功能评估为差。结论闭合复位、锁定型肱骨近端髓内针固定术是治疗肱骨近端两部分外科颈骨折的一种有效的手术方式。     

Isolated tuberosity fractures of the proximal humeral: current concepts

Despite the relatively common occurrence of fractures of the proximal humeral amongst the elderly, the subgroup of isolated greater and lesser tuberosity fractures have remained less well understood. While the majority of two-part fractures result from a standing-height fall onto an outstretched hand, isolated tuberosity fractures are also commonly associated with glenohumeral dislocations or direct impact to the shoulder region. Inasmuch as isolated greater tuberosity fractures are considered uncommon, isolated lesser tuberosity fractures are generally considered exceedingly rare. Non-operative treatment including a specific rehabilitation protocol has been advocated for the majority of non-displaced and minimally displaced fractures, with generally good outcomes expected. The treatment for displaced fractures, however, has included both arthroscopically assisted fixation and open or percutaneous reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The choice of fixation and approach depends not only on fracture type and characteristics, but also on a multitude of patient-related factors. With an expected increase in the level of physical activity across all age groups and overall longer lifespans, the incidence of isolated tuberosity fractures of the proximal humeral is expected to rise. Orthopaedic surgeons treating shoulder trauma should be aware of treatment options, as well as expected outcomes.     

Short-term Clinical Outcome of Dual Plate Fixation in the Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures with Calcar Comminution

Objective

Calcar comminution has been considered to be the main cause of the failure of internal fixation and fracture nonunion in proximal humerus surgery. Anatomical reduction and increasing the strength of internal fixation is the key to success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term clinical effect of dual plate fixation in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with calcar comminution.

Methods

The data of 37 patients with proximal humeral fractures with calcar comminution, treated in our departments from July 2018 to April 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were treated with anterior plate and lateral PHILOS plate, and followed up for more than 12 months, including 25 cases in Tianjin Hospital and 12 cases in Shanghai General Hospital. The patients included 12 males and 25 females, their age was 54.89 ± 13.59 years (range from 32–79 years), and 21 patients had dominant hand injury. According to the Neer classification, there were 11 two-part fractures, 22 three-part fractures, and four four-part fractures. The range of motion of the shoulder joint, visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), Constant–Murley shoulder score, neck-shaft angle, anterior–posterior angle, and other complication scores were recorded at the last follow-up.

Results

All 37 patients were followed up after operation, and the follow-up time was 21.81 ± 7.35 months (range from 12–36 months). The fractures of all 37 patients had healed at the last follow-up visit. The neck-shaft angle measured immediately after operation was 132.59° ± 8.34°, and the neck-shaft angle measured at the last follow-up visit was 132.38 ± 8.53°. The anterior–posterior angle measured immediately after surgery was 3.45° ± 0.81°, and the anterior–posterior angle at the last follow-up visit was 3.66° ± 0.77°. The range of motion of the shoulder joint was as follows: the shoulder joint could be forward elevated by 158.11° ± 13.09° (range: 140°–180°), rotated externally by 38.38° ± 7.55° (range: 20°–45°), and internally rotated to T4-L4 level. The VAS score was 0.46 ± 0.87 (range: 0–3), the ASES was 86.58 ± 8.79 (range: 56.7–100), and the Constant–Murley score was 88.76 ± 8.25 (range: 60–100). Thirty-three cases were excellent, and four cases were good. No obvious complications occurred.

Conclusion

The combination of anterior plate and lateral PHILOS plate in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with calcar comminution can achieve stable fixation, and the postoperative clinical and imaging outcome was satisfactory. Firstly, the anterior plate can provide temporary stability when the Kirschner wires are removed, which can provide space for lateral plate placement during fracture reduction and fixation. Secondly, additional support by the anterior plate can provide higher stability in complex fractures with calcar comminution.     

The posterior intrafocal pin improves sagittal alignment in Gartland type III paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures

IntroductionClosed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation are widely recommended for displaced supracondylar humeral fractures. However, the optimal K-wire configuration is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of crossed pinning with or without a posterior intrafocal pin in Gartland type III supracondylar humeral fractures.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 93 children who underwent crossed pinning for Gartland type III supracondylar humeral fractures between January 2009 and December 2013. One surgeon preferentially added one posterior intrafocal pin onto the crossed pins in 35 children, and the other surgeons used standard crossed pinning technique in 58 children. Results were assessed by range of elbow motion and radiographic measures including the Baumann angle, the lateral humerocapitellar angle and the position of the anterior humeral line (AHL).ResultsThe demographic data were comparable between the 2 groups. Children treated with the additional posterior intrafocal pin had greater range of elbow motion (138.7° vs. 133.6°, p = 0.01) and had a greater lateral humerocapitellar angle (44.9° vs. 37.8°, p = 0.01) measured 3 months postoperatively. The percentage of AHL position in the posterior third was significantly higher in children with the posterior intrafocal pin immediately after fixation (odds ratio [OR]: 6.26) and 3 months later (OR: 2.84). The percentage of AHL position in the anterior third was also significantly lower in children with the posterior intrafocal pin 3 months postoperatively (OR: 0.29). No pin site infection or nerve injury was associated with the additional posterior pin.ConclusionsAdding one posterior intrafocal pin to crossed pinning can facilitate fracture reduction and enhance fixation stability. Better sagittal alignment and elbow motion support this safe and effective technique in treating type III humeral supracondylar fractures.     

传统正骨手法复位经皮弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童肱骨近端骨折

目的 :探讨儿童肱骨近端骨折采用传统正骨手法复位经皮弹性髓内钉固定治疗的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾2012年10月至2016年5月,运用传统正骨手法复位弹性髓内钉经皮内固定治疗65例,其中男52例,女13例;年龄7~14岁,平均11.2岁;左侧23例,右侧42例;斜形骨折13例,横形骨折49例,粉碎性骨折3例。全部为闭合性明显移位性骨折,不合并血管、神经损伤。就诊时间为伤后20 min~5 d,平均3 d。术后随访观察骨折愈合及并发症的发生情况,并运用Neer肩关节功能评分法评价疗效。结果:手术时间30~40 min,平均35 min;术中出血5~10 ml,平均6.5 ml。65例均获随访,时间12~28个月,平均18个月,骨折全部愈合。按照Neer肩关节功能评分法评价疗效,优59例,良5例,可1例。4例针尾部皮肤少许分泌物,2例皮肤激惹现象,1例部分退针,均在取针后愈合。无断钉及退钉现象造成的骨不愈合现象发生,无血管、神经损伤病例发生。结论:手法复位经皮弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童肱骨近端骨折的方法,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、操作方法简单等优点。