苯佐卡因的合成方法改进

目的改进苯佐卡因的合成工艺。方法评价了合成苯左卡因的主要合成路线,在较优合成路线的基础上进行了试验研究,在酯化反应阶段进行了工艺改进并优化反应条件。结果氯化高锡是酯化反应适宜的催化剂,酯化反应收率92.6%以上;工艺改进后,氧化、酯化和还原三个阶段的总收率达80.2%以上,有较大提高。结论实验证明工艺改进后,操作可行,总反应收率增加。     

苯佐卡因的合成方法改进

目的 改进苯佐卡因的合成工艺.方法 评价了合成苯左卡因的主要合成路线,在较优合成路线的基础上进行了试验研究,在酯化反应阶段进行了工艺改进并优化反应条件.结果 氯化高锡是酯化反应适宜的催化剂,酯化反应收率92.6%以上;工艺改进后,氧化、酯化和还原三个阶段的总收率达80.2%以上,有较大提高.结论 实验证明工艺改进后,操作可行,总反应收率增加.     

1,4-二氯酞嗪合成工艺研究

目的：优化1,4-二氯酞嗪的合成工艺,提高反应收率。方法：以邻苯二甲酸酐为原料,经缩合和氯代反应合成目标化合物。结果：改进了合成工艺,总收率提高到85.0%。合成的化合物结构均经HRMS和1H-NMR确证。结论：改进后的合成工艺,操作简化,产品质量提高,成本降低,该工艺切实可行,适合工业化生产。     

2,5-二乙酰氧甲基-3，6-二甲基吡嗪合成工艺改进

目的优化2,5-二乙酰氧甲基-3,6-二甲基吡嗪的合成工艺。方法以川芎嗪为原料,在冰乙酸条件下经过30%H2O2氧化后,采用液态加料法与醋酐酯化反应得到目标产物;以高效液相色谱法,进行目标产物与对照品吸收峰峰面积的对比来计算产率,并考察反应温度和时间对酯化反应产率的影响。结果改进了合成工艺,简化了操作,总产率提高到69.12%。结论改进后的工艺切实可行,可操作性好,更适合工业化生产     

托吡酯合成工艺研究

目的 合成托吡酯并对工艺进行研究。方法 以D-果糖为起始原料,在浓硫酸的催化下,与丙酮缩合生成双丙酮果糖,再同氯磺酸异氰酸酯反应采用“一锅法”制备,得到托吡酯。结果 本工艺总收率为43.3%。结论 工艺改进后,简化了操作过程,提高了托吡酯的收率。     

甲硝唑联合唯阴康治疗75例细菌性阴道病的疗效分析

目的 合成拉喹莫德并对工艺进行研究。方法 以2-氨基-6-氯苯甲酸为起始原料,经成环反应、甲基化反应、缩合反应、水解反应等合成了拉喹莫德。结果 合成的拉喹莫德总收率为71.8%。结论 工艺改进后,简化了操作过程,提高了拉喹莫德的收率。     

阿仑膦酸钠的合成工艺研究

目的:研究一种适合工业化生产的阿仑膦酸钠合成工艺。方法:以4-氨基丁酸、亚磷酸和三氯化磷为原料,在非质子极性溶剂体系中进行膦酰化,再水解成盐得到阿仑膦酸钠。结果:工艺改进后收率达84.25%,目标化合物结构经MS和1H-NMR谱确证。结论:改进后的合成工艺可操作性好、安全无毒,更适合工业化生产。     

Ⅰ型氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐的合成工艺改进

目的优化Ⅰ型氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐的合成工艺。方法以(R)-(-)-邻氯扁桃酸为原料,经甲酯化、磺酰化和亲核取代反应合成氯吡格雷,最后与浓硫酸反应生成氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐。结果新合成方法操作更加简便,总收率为58.3%。结论改进后的工艺便于纯化,更适应于工业化生产。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA的合成研究

目的:改进组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA的合成工艺。方法:以辛二酸为起始原料,经缩合、活化、氨解合成SAHA。结果:经3步反应得到目标化合物。结论:改进后的合成工艺简便、条件温和、原料易得。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.