宁夏地区乙肝病毒感染者HBV基因分型与临床意义

目的研究宁夏地区乙肝病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）感染者的HBV基因型的分布情况,探讨其与HBV感染者的性别、年龄、肝功能、HBV-DNA载量及血清标记物水平的关系。方法应用基因型特异性多对引物巢式PCR法对175例HBV感染者的血清标本进行HBV基因型检测,并针对不同的基因型进行性别、年龄、肝功能、HBV-DNA载量及血清标记物水平的相关性分析。结果宁夏地区175例HBV感染者的血清标本中（汉族136例,回族39例）有12例（6.9%）未检测出基因型。在已检测出基因型的163例样本中,B基因型84例（48%）,C基因型62例（35.4%）,B＋C混合基因型17例（9.7%）。B基因型在宁夏地区HBV感染者中占优势。HBV基因型与HBV感染者的ALT水平有关联（P〈0.05）,与年龄、性别、血清标记物水平等指标无关联性（P〉0.05）,C基因型在肝硬化和肝癌中所占的比例较B型和B＋C型差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论宁夏地区HBV感染者的基因型包括B型、C型及B＋C混合基因型,其中以B基因型为主,其次为C基因型。HBV基因型与ALT水平有关联,与本研究中其他指标无相关性,C基因型较B型和B＋C型在肝硬化和原发性肝癌中所占比例增高。     

山西省地区乙型肝炎病毒基因分型及临床意义

目的了解山西省地区乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型的分布特征,探讨HBV各基因型与血清HBV-DNA水平的关系以及各基因型与疾病的进展和转归的临床意义。方法法随机收集山西省HBV阳性病例128例,包括慢性乙型肝炎78例,肝硬化34例,急性肝炎8例,重型肝炎患者8例。取其外周静脉血,采用型特异性引物巢式PCR方法对血清中的HBV进行基因分型,并结合临床资料进行统计学分析结果山西省地区乙型肝炎患者HBV基因分型存在B型、B＋C混合型和C型,以C型和B＋C型为主;基因型C型的HBV-DNA载量的均值水平为2×108,显著高于其他型（p〈0.05）;C型HBeAg阳性率较B型和B＋C型高（p〈0.05）;混合型及C基因型与较严重的肝脏疾病有关,更易发生重症肝炎、肝硬化。结论山西省地区基因型以C型和B＋C型为主;基因型C的HBV-DNA载量水平均值显著高于其他型;混合型及C型与较严重的肝脏疾病有关。     

莱芜地区HBV基因型分布及临床意义

目的了解莱芜地区乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）基因型分布情况,探讨HBV基因型与临床的相关性。方法随机选择莱芜地区HBV感染患者231例,其中无症状HBV携带者45例,慢性乙型肝炎68例,乙型肝炎肝硬化65例,原发性肝癌53例。应用双波长实时荧光定量PCR技术,进行血清HBV基因分型测定。结果 231例标本中,216例（91.14%）可检出基因型,在阳性结果中B基因型39例（18.06%）,C基因型179例（82.87%）,B＋C混合基因型5例（2.31%）,未检出非B非C基因型。结论莱芜地区HBV感染者中,HBV基因主要存在C型,不同基因型与慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化、原发性肝癌有相关性,C基因型HBV感染者较B基因型更易发展成肝硬化、原发性肝癌。     

安徽部分医院HBV基因型的分布及其临床意义

目的了解安徽省部分医院乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型的分布及其与临床的相关性。方法选择安徽部分医院HBV DNA阳性的HBV感染者196例,其中急性黄疸型肝炎3例,慢性乙型肝炎107例,肝炎后肝硬化59例,原发性肝癌6例,慢性重型肝炎20例,亚急性重型肝炎1例,采用Caliper-1000微流芯片分析仪分析检测HBV DNA和基因型。结果196份HBV DNA阳性血清标本中,B基因型126例（64．3％）,C基因型59例（30．1％）,BC混合型11例（5．6％）,未发现其他基因型。江淮之间以B基因型占优势,淮河以北以C基因型占优势,分别为68．8％和66、7％;HBVB基因型感染的临床疾病谱以慢性乙型肝炎为主,占62．7％（P〈0．01）,C基因型感染者以肝硬化为主,占44．1％（P〈0．01）,差异有显著性;检测出的HBV基因型与病毒载量、HBeAg阳性表达差异均无显著性;肝硬化患者HBV C基因型的HBeAg阳性表达（68．4％）明显高于B基因型（31．6％）和BC混合型（0）。结论安徽省部分医院HBV基因型存在B、C和BC混合型,B型为该地区的优势基因型。HBVB基因型感染的临床疾病谱以慢性乙型肝炎为主,而HBV C基因型感染以肝硬化为主。     

杭州地区112例乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布调查及意义

目的了解乙肿病毒不同基因型的分布及其与病情的关系。方法收集杭州地区112例慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者的血清和临床资料,用基因芯片测定HBV基因型,分析不同基因型与病情的关系。结果B型37例,C型69例,混合型（B＋C）6例,没有发现其他基因型;无症状携带者以B基因型为主,慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化和原发性肝癌以C基因型为主。C型、B型感染者的肝组织学炎症分级分别为2．11±1．44和1．59±1．02,纤维化分期分别为1．95±1．27和1．40±1．04：C型感染者HBVDNA水平（1g表示）为7．02±1．26,高于B型的5．62±1．02：C型感染者HBeAg阳性率（60．87％）高于B型的（32．43％）,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。B型感染者年龄小于C型感染者（p〈0．05）。结论112例乙型肝炎HBV基因型以C型为主,B型次之。C型感染者HBVDNA水平、HBeAg阳性率显著高于B型感染者,C型HBV感染所致的肝病更严重。     

泰安地区HBV基因型分布及临床意义

目的了解泰安地区乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)基因型分布情况,探讨HBV基因型与临床的相关性。方法随机选择泰安地区HBV患者,其中无症状HBV携带者37例,慢性乙型肝炎68例,乙型肝炎肝硬化35例,原发性肝癌26例。应用PCR微板核酸杂交EL IS A技术,进行血清HBV基因分型测定。结果166例标本中,160例(96.39%)可检出基因型,其中B基因型47例(28.31%),C基因型109例(65.66%),B+C混合基因型4例(2.4%);未检出A、D、E、F基因型。结论泰安地区HBV感染者中,HBV基因主要存在B、C、B+C型,不同基因型与慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化、原发性肝癌有相关性,C基因型HBV感染者较B基因型更易发展成肝硬化、原发性肝癌。     

黄石地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布及其临床相关性

目的 了解黄石地区乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型的分布，及其与临床的相关性。方法 选择黄石地区HBVDNA阳性的慢性乙肝病人153例作为研究对象，其中表面抗原携带者38例、慢性肝炎42例、重型肝炎26例、肝硬化24例和原发性肝癌23例。病人的HBV基因型采用PCR微板核酸杂交．ELISA方法检测；血清HBVDNA复制水平采用荧光定量PCR检测。结果 153例病人中，B基因型63例（41．2％），C基因型46例（30．1％），D基因型25例（16.3％），BC混合型8例（5．2％），BD混合型7例（4．6％），CD混合型4例（2．6％），未发现A、E和F基因型；HBVC基因型及混合基因型病人的HBVDNA复制水平明显高于B型（P〈0．01）；C基因型在重型肝炎和肝癌病人中的比例（分别为42.3％和43．5％）明显高于B基因型（分别为19．2％和17.4％）（P〈0．01）；C基因型病人血清HBeAb阳性率（51．5％）显著高于B基因型（22．7％）（P〈0．01）。结论黄石地区存在HBV的B、C、D基因型，以及由它们组成的混合基因型；B基因型为优势基因型；C基因型与HBVDNA高复制水平，以及肝脏疾病的活动性和进展相关。     

中国安徽地区肝癌组织中HBV基因型的分布研究

目的研究中国安徽地区肝癌组织中HBV基因型的分布状况。方法应用基因型特异性引物PCR法对96份肝细胞癌组织和90份HBV携带者血清进行HBV基因型检测。结果在65份分型的肝癌组织标本中，B基因型23份（35．4％），C基因型28份（43．1％），B＋C混合基因型8例（12．3％），B＋D混合基因型6例（9．2％）。在90份HBV携带者血清中，B基因型39份（43．3％），C基因型35份（38．9％），B＋C混合基因型12例（13.3％），B＋D混合基因型4例（4．4％）。C基因型在肝癌组织中占优势，而HBV携带者血清以B基因型为主。结论中国安徽地区肝细胞癌组织中存在基因型B、C及混合基因型B＋C与B＋D，以C基因型为主，其次为B基因型。     

四川省自贡市159例慢性HBV感染者的HBV基因型分布及其与疾病进展关联研究

目的 了解四川省自贡市慢性HBV感染者的HBV基因型分布情况,并探讨其与慢性乙肝患者病情进展的关系。方法 收集2015年9月—2018年6月159例经本院确诊的慢性HBV感染者,且HBV-DNA水平含量在 10³ IU/mL以上,根据疾病诊断将慢性HBV感染者分为三组：慢性乙型肝炎组（CHB）、乙肝相关性肝硬化组（LC）、乙肝相关性肝癌组（HCC）。采用多通道实时荧光探针PCR法检测乙肝病毒的3种基因型（B、C、D型）,同时检测HBV-DNA及HBV的五项标记物。采用SPSS17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 本文研究显示B基因型115例（72.3%）,C基因型43例（27.0%）,B/C混合型1例（0.6%）,D基因型0例;B基因型的HBV-DNA水平高于C基因型（P<0.05）;慢性HBV感染患者中,男、女组均以B基因型为主,B基因型和C基因型分布在年龄、性别、HBeAg阳性率方面比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;乙肝相关性肝癌组（HCC）的C基因型比例明显高于CHB组和LC组（P<0.05）。结论 自贡市HBV主要流行B基因型,其次是C基因型;B基因型和C基因型的慢性HBV感染患者进展为肝硬化或肝癌可能存在一定的差异。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因型及其血清学标志物关系的研究

目的进一步探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型与血清学标志物及与HBV DNA病毒复制载量的关系。方法研究病例为170例，其中急性乙型肝炎14例、慢性乙型肝炎88例、肝硬化24例、重型肝炎18例、肝细胞癌2例和慢性无症状携带者24例。抽取其外周血，用酶免疫法（EIA法）测定其基因型，同时检测HBV血清标志物和HBV DNA病毒复制载量，分析相互之间的关系。结果检出C基因型105例（61．76％），B基因型59例（34．71％），D基因型3例（1．76％），B＋C基因型1例（0．59％）和基因型未明2例（1．18％）。B、C基因型在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、重型肝炎和肝细胞癌病人中分布存在差异（分别为22．94％、52．35％），C基因型病人的HBeAg阳性率与B基因型的HBeAg阳性率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。C基因型病人的HBV DNA病毒复制水平高于B基因型病人的HBV DNA病毒复制水平（P〈0．01）．结论C基因型的血清HBV DNA病毒复制水平高于B基因型，病毒复制活跃，C基因型与较重的肝脏损害有一定关系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.