合并2型糖尿病的老年冠心病患者药物洗脱支架植入后1年发生主要心血管事件分析

目的 分析合并2型糖尿病的老年冠心病患者药物洗脱支架（DES）植入后1年主要心血管事件发生情况及其发生的危险因素。方法 选取2014年1月至2016年10月武汉大学人民医院收治的合并2型老年冠心病并行DES植入的患者42例（DM组）,同期植入药物洗脱支架的无合并糖尿病老年冠心病患者60例为对照（NDM组）。比较两组患者冠状动脉病变特点、支架情况以及支架术后1年随访期间的主要心血管事件。采用多因素logistic回归分析主要心血管事件的危险因素。结果 两组患者冠状动脉病变支数、靶血管数、靶病变类型、植入支架长度、植入支架数、支架重叠数差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。支架术后1年随访,DM组主要心血管事件显著高于NDM组,差异有统计学意义（P< 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示2型糖尿病（OR=1.387,P=0.034）、植入支架长度（OR=2.818,P=0.004）及心力衰竭（OR=1.218,P=0.010）是发生主要心血管事件的危险因素。结论 合并2型糖尿病的老年冠心病患者DES植入术后1年发生主要心血管事件显著高于无合并糖尿病患者,2型糖尿病、支架长度、心力衰竭是老年冠心病患者DES植入术后发生主要心血管事件的独立危险因素。     

合并糖尿病的老年肺炎住院患者营养风险评估及短期预后

目的 使用老年营养风险评分（geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI）评价因社区获得性肺炎（community acquired pneumonia,CAP）住院的老年糖尿病患者的营养风险,评估GNRI对短期预后的预测价值。方法 回顾分析2015年1月~2016年6月因CAP收住首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科病房的年龄65岁及以上糖尿病患者114例,另选择同期住院的非糖尿病老年患者55例作为对照组,分析比较两组患者GNRI评分及PSI评分。以GNRI=92分为界限,将糖尿病组分为GNRI<92分（n=43）和GNRI≥92（n=71）分两个亚组,比较亚组间PSI评分,呼吸机（有创、无创）使用的发生率,住院病死率及出院患者2周内再住院率的差异。分析GNRI等各因素与住院病死率的相关性。结果 糖尿病组患者GNRI评分低于非糖尿病组（89.27±6.30,93.26±8.29,P<0.05）;糖尿病组内比较,GNRI<92亚组PSI评分及住院病死率均显著高于GNRI≥92亚组（99.65±18.85,92.19±13.36,P=0.015;25.6%,8.45%,P=0.013）;对糖尿病组住院死亡相关危险因素分析显示,GNRI评分,血浆白蛋白水平与不良事件发生率呈负相关（r=-0.247,P=0.008;r=-0.303,P=0.001）,同时PSI,冠心病史与住院死亡发生呈正相关（r=0.168,P=0.024;r=-0.153,P=0.016）。结论 老年糖尿病CAP患者存在较大营养风险,营养风险高的短期预后较差,使用GNRI评分有助于预测短期预后。     

基于衰弱评估的预康复策略在老年胆石症患者外科治疗中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于衰弱评估的预康复策略在老年胆石症患者外科治疗中的应用效果。方法 采用目的抽样法,选取2022年5月—2022年9月湖南省人民医院门诊诊断为胆石症拟行择期手术的66例患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组33例。对照组接受常规的围手术期准备;实验组在对照组的基础上,实施预康复策略。比较两组干预前后的预康复相关指标和围手术期指标。结果 两组患者性别比例、年龄、文化程度、体质量指数、FRAIL量表、6分钟步行距离（6MWD）、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、营养风险筛查量表评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。两组患者入院当天、术前24 h、术后5 d、术后30 d的FRAIL量表比较,结果 ①不同时间点的FRAIL量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组患者FRAIL量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,实验组较对照组低,效果较好;③两组患者FRAIL量表评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者入院当天、术前24 h、术后5 d的白蛋白（Alb）、6MWD和HADS评分比较,结果 ①不同时间点的Alb、6MWD和HADS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组患者Alb、6MWD和HADS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;实验组Alb、6MWD较对照组高,HADS评分较对照组低,实验组效果较好;③两组患者Alb、6MWD和HADS评分变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。实验组首次下床活动时间、住院时间短于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患者围手术期未发生并发症和病死情况。结论 在老年胆石症患者中应用基于衰弱评估的预康复策略,可有效改善患者衰弱、运动、营养、心理状态,提高患者的生活质量,促进患者快速康复。     

术前血清OPG、sRANKL对经皮冠状动脉介入术患者危险分层与评估预后的价值

目的 探讨术前血清骨保护素（OPG）、可溶性核因子κB受体活化因子配基（sRANKL）对经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）患者危险分层与评估预后的价值。方法 选取确诊为冠心病且行PCI患者223例,根据患者术前血清sRANKL/OPG比值将所有患者分为3组：A组、B组和C组。运用Gensini评分对患者血管狭窄程度进行判断。术后6个月内对患者进行随访,记录患者的主要心血管事件及分析患者血清OPG、sRANKL水平、sRANKL/OPG比值和血管病变支数、Gensini评分及主要不良心脏事件（MACE）和其他冠心病危险因素的关系。结果 3组患者在高血压病和血清OPG、sRANKL水平及sRANKL/OPG比值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术前血清OPG、sRANKL水平及sRANKL/OPG比值与高敏肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）水平呈正相关（r=0.345、r=0.369、r=0.398,P=0.000、P=0.000、P=0.000）,而血清OPG、sRANKL水平及sRANKL/OPG比值与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）则呈负相关（r=-0.182、r=-0.165、r=-0.176,P=0.005、P=0.006、P=0.006）;随着患者Gensini评分的升高,血清OPG、sRANKL水平及sRANKL/OPG比值亦升高（P<0.05）,Gensini评分为重度血管狭窄和中度、轻度血管狭窄患者血清OPG、sRANKL水平、sRANKL/OPG比值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。双变量Spearman相关分析表明,术前血清OPG、sRANKL水平、sRANKL/OPG比值与Gensini评分的相关系数分别为0.22（P<0.05）、0.20（P<0.05）、0.17（P<0.05）。术后6个月内3组患者MACE发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且3组患者靶病变血运重建率的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术前血清OPG、sRANKL水平、sRANKL/OPG比值是患者发生MACE的独立危险因素（OR=2.17、2.23、2.26,95% CI：1.33~3.46、1.45~3.77、1.55~3.89,P=0.006、0.005、0.003）。结论 术前血清OPG、sRANKL水平及sRANKL/OPG比值与高血压、肌钙蛋白、冠脉病变呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关,为PCI术后心脏不良事件的独立危险因素,为PCI术后患者的危险分层和预后评估增添临床指标。     

延续性护理干预对提高冠心病介入术后患者自我管理水平的效果

目的 探讨延续性护理对冠心病患者介入术后自我管理的影响。方法 选取2014年6月至2015年2月在安徽省立医院心血管内科行冠状动脉介入治疗的77例冠心病患者，随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组给予常规护理教育方法，试验组在常规护理教育方法的基础上采用延续性护理干预（包括住院期间个体化健康教育+出院后定期护理随访），运用冠心病疾病认知调查问卷和冠心病自我管理行为量表观察比较两组患者的疾病认知情况和自我管理水平。结果 出院时、出院3个月及出院6个月试验组患者疾病认知得分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（F=7.2，P<0.05）；出院3个月及出院6个月试验组患者自我管理得分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（F=34.5，P<0.05）。结论 冠心病介入术后患者疾病认知和自我管理水平低下，需引起医护人员重视；延续性护理干预能提高患者疾病认识和自我管理水平。     

种植体周围炎龈沟液中IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-6的表达及临床意义

目的探讨探讨白细胞介素2、4、6(IL-2、IL-4、IL-6)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)在种植体周围炎龈沟液(GCF)中的表达及意义。方法选择2011年6月~2014年6月50例种植体周围炎患者为研究对象。另选择健康种植体患者50例和健康人群50例为对照组。统计3组探诊深度(PD)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-6水平。结果种植体周围炎组PD、SBI、GCF均高于健康种植体组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);但健康种植体组和对照组PD、SBI、GCF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);种植体周围炎组IL-2、IFN-γ水平低于健康种植体组和对照组(P<0.01),健康种植体组IL-2、IFN-γ水平低于对照组(P<0.05),种植体周围炎组IL-4、IL-6水平高于健康种植体组和对照组(P<0.01),健康种植体组IL-4、IL-6水平高于对照组(P<0.05); ≥60岁组IL-2、IFN-γ水平低于<60岁组(P<0.01), ≥60岁组IL-4、IL-6水平高于<60岁组(P<0.01);种植体周围炎患者GCF中IL-2与IFN-γ呈正相关(r=4.267, P=0.016),与IL-4、IL-6分别呈负相关(r=4.352、4.615,P=0.005、0.002),IFN-γ与IL-4、IL-6分别呈负相关(r=4.322、4.603,P=0.009、0.005),IL-4,IL-6呈正相关(r=4.065, P=0.019)。结论种植体周围炎患者IL-4、IL-6高表达,IL-2、IFN-γ低表达,IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-6的表达与种植体周围炎患者性别无关,与种植体周围炎患者的年龄有关。     

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接PCI疗效分析

目的 探讨老年冠心病急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）临床疗效及影响预后因素分析。方法 选取2012年6月至2015年4月阜阳市人民医院急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死接受急诊直接PCI患者148例，按年龄分为老年组和对照组。比较两组患者高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、体质量指数、吸烟等临床危险因素；冠脉造影结果、就诊至球囊扩张（door-to-balloon）时间和PCI后ST段回落指数（STRI）等手术操作相关因素以及6个月内的主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况。结果 老年组患者糖尿病、高血压病比例高于对照组（P < 0.05）；血脂水平、体质量指数、吸烟和家族史两组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；老年组患者冠脉造影多支病变、钙化病变比例高于对照组（P < 0.05）；PCI后获得TIMI血流3级比例无明显差别（P > 0.05），而STRI老年组低于对照组（P < 0.05）；6个月随访MACE发生率老年组高于对照组，logistic逐步回归分析显示，年龄、door-to-balloon时间和STRI是ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI不良心血管事件的独立危险因素。结论 老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI合并多种临床危险因素，病变血管复杂，心肌微循环灌注率低，远期有更高的不良心血管事件。     

基于快速康复理念的护理干预在妇科单孔腹腔镜治疗良性肿瘤中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于快速康复理念的护理干预在妇科单孔腹腔镜治疗良性肿瘤中的临床效果。方法 选取2021年2月至2022年1月皖南医学院第二附属医院收治的80例妇科良性肿瘤行单孔腹腔镜手术患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上采用基于快速康复理念的护理干预。比较两组研究对象围术期时间(肠道准备时间、首次下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间)、术后并发症(恶心、呕吐、腹胀)发生率以及患者对护理满意度的差异。结果 观察组术前肠道准备时间(t=2.332,P=0.022)、首次下床活动时间(t=2.461,P=0.016)、肛门首次排气时间(t=2.324,P=0.023)、住院时间(t=2.401,P=0.019)均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。观察组术后恶心、呕吐(χ²=5.156、P=0.012),腹胀(χ²=4.588、P=0.032)发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者对护理满意度为95%,高于对照组的80%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.114,P=0.043)。结论 基于快速康复理念的护理干预在妇科单孔腹腔镜治疗良性肿瘤的临床应用中能够缩短患者围手术期时间,降低术后并发症的发生,提高患者满意度。     

益气活血凉血生肌方药对气虚血瘀证冠心病冠状动脉介入术后生活质量的干预作用

目的 观察气虚血瘀证冠心病患者冠状动脉介入术后应用益气活血凉血生肌方对其生活质量的影响。 方法 采用数字表法将来自北京中医药大学东方医院心内科131例成功行冠状动脉介入术的冠心病患者随机分为治疗组(n=68)、对照组(n=63),两组均接受冠心病二级预防常规,治疗组于手术日起加用益气活血凉血生肌方药2个月,随访时间为2个月,以中医症状体征积分、西雅图量表评分为主要观察指标。 结果 治疗组西雅图心绞痛量表评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组胸闷、瘀血、气短、乏力积分改善显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 给予冠心病冠状动脉介入术后患者益气活血凉血生肌方药治疗,可显著改善气虚血瘀症状、提高生活质量。     

高龄冠心病患者PCI术后院内不良心血管事件发生的危险因素评分

目的 明确高龄冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后发生院内不良心血管事件的危险因素并建立相应的危险评分。 方法 选取我院2005年1月至2010年12月共计1 007例接受PCI的高龄冠心病患者(年龄≥75岁)病例资料作为研究组,通过单因素及多因素logistic回归分析确定院内不良心血管事件发生的独立危险因素,并根据分析结果建立危险评分模型。收集我院2011年1月至2012年12月共计527例接受PCI治疗的高龄冠心病患者(年龄≥75岁)病例资料作为验证组,对该危险评分模型进行验证,检验其受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度,判断其预测及判别性能。 结果 多因素logistic回归分析提示7个独立危险因素最终入选PCI危险评分模型并赋予相应分值如下:急诊PCI治疗(3分)、肾功能不全(2分)、左主干病变(2分)、糖尿病(1分)、急性心肌梗死(1分)、C型病变(1分),植入支架≥3枚(1分)。验证提示该危险评分对院内不良心血管事件的发生具有较高的辨识度及校准度(ROC曲线下面积为0.89,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验P=0.586)。 结论 最终建立的PCI危险评分包括7个危险因素,各因素得分为1~3分不等,总分共11分。该PCI危险因素评分能够较为准确地预测高龄冠心病患者PCI术后院内不良心血管事件的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.