赖氨葡锌颗粒联合蒙脱石散和布拉氏酵母菌散剂治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿的临床效果

目的探讨赖氨葡锌颗粒联合蒙脱石散和布拉氏酵母菌散剂治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿的临床效果。方法选择2019年1月至2020年1月静海区医院收治的70例小儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组35例。对照组给予蒙脱石散和布拉氏酵母菌散剂治疗,试验组在对照组基础上联合赖氨葡锌颗粒治疗,比较两组大便性状恢复正常时间、排便次数恢复正常时间、治疗前后患儿症状积分、总有效率及不良反应发生率。结果试验组大便性状恢复正常时间、排便次数恢复正常时间均短于对照组,治疗后患儿症状积分低于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗过程中均未见不良反应。结论蒙赖氨葡锌颗粒联合蒙脱石散和布拉氏酵母菌散剂对于小儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿的治疗效果确切,可改善临床症状,缩短治疗时间。     

布拉酵母菌散剂治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察为消化不良性腹泻患儿应用布拉酵母菌散剂治疗的效果,探讨布拉酵母菌散剂的应用价值。方法将100例消化不良性腹泻患儿按随机数字表法分成两组,给予两组患者常规治疗,包括口服密斯达、静脉滴注利巴韦林等,除常规治疗外,为实验组应用布拉酵母菌散剂治疗,观察两组治疗效果。结果实验组脱水纠正、止吐、退热、大便次数恢复正常、大便性状恢复正常的时间分别为（1．21＋0．56）、（1．60＋0．59）、（2．35＋1．05）、（3．85＋0．98）、（4．36＋1．21）d,均短于对照组．且两组差异具有统计意义（P〈0．05）;比较两组临床治疗有效率,实验组明显高于对照组（92．0％VS76．0％,P〈0．05）。差异有统计学意义。结论与对照组相比,实验组消化不良性腹泻患儿的治疗效果更佳,布拉酵母菌散剂具有较高的临床应用价值,值得关注。     

葡萄糖酸锌联合蒙脱石散、布拉氏酵母菌治疗轮状病毒肠炎临床疗效观察

目的：探讨葡萄糖酸锌联合蒙脱石散、布拉氏酵母菌治疗轮状病毒肠炎的临床效果。方法收集本院腹泻患儿137例,随机分为联合组（n ＝70）和对照组（n ＝67）,对照组予基础治疗、口服蒙脱石散和布拉氏酵母菌治疗,联合组在对照组基础上加用葡萄糖酸锌联合治疗,比较两组疗效。结果联合组和对照组总有效率（97.1％和83.6％）、显效率（74.3％和59.7％）和症状改善时间[（6.9±2.0）d 和（5.4±1.7）d]比较,差异有统计学意义。结论采用葡萄糖酸锌和蒙脱石散、布拉氏酵母菌联合治疗轮状病毒肠炎能提高疗效,可缩短腹泻的病程,值得在临床上应用和推广。     

布拉氏酵母菌散剂佐治婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效观察

目的观察布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的临床疗效。方法将102例小儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿随机分为试验组62例,对照组40例,两组均常规给予静脉补液,对症及支持治疗,试验组在此基础上加用布拉氏酵母菌散剂。结果两组大便性状恢复时间、止泻时间、总疗程差异有统计学意义。试验组的疗效好于对照组(Z=2.594,P=0.010)。结论布拉氏酵母菌佐治婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效显著、安全,值得临床推广应用。     

布拉酵母菌联合双歧杆菌四联活菌对轮状病毒性胃肠炎患儿的疗效及对胃肠激素与炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨布拉酵母菌联合双歧杆菌四联活菌对轮状病毒性胃肠炎患儿的疗效及对胃肠激素、炎症因子水平的影响。方法回顾性选取2015年2月-2018年1月该院收治的轮状病毒性胃肠炎患儿84例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组。对照组患儿采用口服双八面体蒙脱石联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,观察组患儿在对照组基础上加用布拉酵母菌治疗,分析两组患儿治疗后的临床效果。结果观察组患儿总有效率(92. 86%)高于对照组(76. 19%),差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。治疗3 d、5 d时,观察组患儿大便次数少于对照组,观察组腹泻持续时间短于对照组(P0. 05)。治疗前,两组患儿血清炎性因子、胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0. 05)。治疗后,观察组患儿血清IL-2水平高于对照组,血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、GAS、MOT、VIP水平低于对照组(P0. 05)。结论布拉酵母菌联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗轮状病毒性胃肠炎疗效显著,可降低患儿炎性因子和胃肠激素水平,缩短腹泻持续时间。     

布拉酵母菌散剂联合蒙脱石散应用于儿童消化不良性腹泻的临床疗效及对细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨布拉酵母菌散剂联合蒙脱石散治疗消化不良性腹泻的临床疗效以及对细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选取我院收治的消化不良性腹泻患儿154例,根据用药方法分为对照组(75例)和治疗组(79例),均予以抗生素、饮食调整等常规治疗。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用蒙脱石散剂,治疗组加用布拉酵母菌散剂联合蒙脱石散剂治疗。比较与分析两组的临床疗效、药物起效时间和细胞免疫学指标。结果治疗组的总有效率为97.47%,显著高于对照组的84.00%(P<0.05);治疗组有70.89%(56例)的药物起效时间≤2天,显著高于对照组的30.67%(23例),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组的CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8均升高,CD8降低,均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论布拉酵母菌散剂是一种生物制剂,可中和部分代谢产物和细菌毒素,促进肠道菌群的恢复,联合蒙脱石散治疗可显著提高疗效,减少腹泻持续时间,同时增强细胞免疫功能。     

口服布拉酵母菌对极低出生体质量儿的临床意义

目的 研究布拉酵母菌散剂对极低出生体质量儿的临床意义.方法 198例极低出生体质量儿中未服布拉酵母菌散剂早产儿93例（对照组）,口服布拉酵母菌散剂早产儿105例（观察组）,回顾性对照分析两组患儿的一般资料,观察两组患儿大便频次或腹泻（伴中重度脱水）情况、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）发生率、院内感染（败血症、肺部感染）发生率、真菌感染率、静脉营养时间、总住院时间.结果 两组患儿一般资料比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.观察组和对照组患儿大便频次、静脉营养时间、住院时间比较差异有统计学意义[（1.8±0.4）次/d比（3.4±0.5）次/d、（30.21 ±3.43）d比（40.47±4.35）d、（33.5±6.8）d比（45.4±9.3）d]（P＜0.05）;两组新生儿腹泻、NEC、败血症或脓毒血症发生率比较差异有统计学意义[14.3％（15/105）比25.8％（24/93）、11.4％（12/105）比19.4％（18/93）、19.0％（20/105）比29.0％（27/93）] （P＜ 0.05）;两组肺炎发生率和真菌感染率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 口服布拉酵母菌散剂可以减少极低出生体质量儿腹泻发生率,减少NEC发生率,以及院内感染发生率（主要是败血症）,可以促进胃肠喂养,缩短住院时间,同时亦不会增加真菌感染率,有临床应用价值.     

布拉氏酵母菌散剂治疗小儿急性腹泻病的临床疗效观察

目的分析采用布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿急性腹泻患儿的效果。方法选取我院收治的200例患小儿急性腹泻病的患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组各100例。对照组给予常规临床治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予布拉氏酵母菌散剂进行治疗。评估两组患儿的疗效。结果与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后的总有效率显著提高,腹泻持续时间显著较短,治疗4 d与治疗7 d后的大便次数显著减少(P均<0.05)。结论采用布拉氏酵母菌散剂治疗小儿急性腹泻患儿的疗效显著,安全性较高,值得推广。     

培菲康联合布拉氏酵母菌对迁延性慢性腹泻患儿肠黏膜功能和肠道微生态的影响

目的分析使用培菲康联合布拉氏酵母菌对迁延性慢性腹泻患儿肠黏膜功能和肠道微生态治疗效果。方法选取2018—2020年于医院接受治疗的迁延性慢性腹泻患儿80例进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方法的不同分为布拉氏酵母菌组、联合治疗组(培菲康联合布拉氏酵母菌)各40例。对比两组病情恢复情况,免疫透射比浊法检测IgA、IgG水平,流式细胞仪检测CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平,全自动生化分析仪检测WBC、RBC水平,酶联免疫吸附实验法检测IL-23、IL-6、DAO、D-乳酸水平,对比两组患儿肠道菌群变化及治疗效果。结果联合治疗组症状恢复时间、治疗后大便次数低于布拉氏酵母菌组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合治疗组IgA、IgG、CD4^(+)水平、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量高于布拉氏酵母菌组,CD8^(+)、WBC、RBC、IL-23、IL-6、DAO、D-乳酸水平、肠杆菌数量低于布拉氏酵母菌组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组治疗总有效率95.00%高于布拉氏酵母菌组的77.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用培菲康联合布拉氏酵母菌对迁延性慢性腹泻患儿进行治疗,患儿病情恢复较为理想,免疫功能明显提升,WBC、RBC及Th17细胞因子水平改善,肠黏膜功能、肠道微生态状况明显改善,治疗效果显著。     

消化不良性腹泻患儿应用布拉酵母菌散剂治疗的效果

目的探讨消化不良性腹泻患儿进行布拉酵母菌散剂治疗的临床效果。方法入选我院2013年5月至2014年5月间收治的消化不良性腹泻患儿106例,并随机分为两组各53例。研究组患儿给予布拉酵母菌散剂疗法,对照组患儿给予健脾口服液疗法,两组均治疗1周。治疗后比较两组患儿的治疗效果,比较两组患儿的临床症状如腹胀、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛的持续时间。结果研究组、对照组的临床总有效率分别为86.8%、66.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患儿治疗后的腹痛、呕吐、腹胀、腹泻等体征症状持续时间显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论消化不良性腹泻患儿进行布拉酵母菌疗法,临床效果确切,安全可靠,可显著改善患儿的临床症状,促进患儿的迅速康复,值得临床推广。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.