丝石竹的化学成分

丝囱竹（Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq．），又名霞草，为石竹科石头花属植物。产于辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、山东、江苏、河南。民间多以其根部入药，作“山银柴胡”用，主要用于治疗阴虚肺劳、骨蒸潮热、盗汗、小儿疳热、久疟不止。丝石竹已报道的化学成分有甾醇类、脂肪酸类和皂苷类等。为了使丝石竹在临床上得到正确应用并进一步开发其药用价值，我们对其化学成分进行了研究，本文报道从中分离和鉴定的11个化合物。     

New sesquiterpenes from Pluchea arabica

Two new sesquiterpenes, godotol A (1) and godotol B (2), were isolated from Pluchea arabica. Their structures were determined by analysis of NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by Mosher ester methodology. The godotols displayed weak activity against bacteria and the brine shrimp larvae. They were also inactive in the DPPH antioxidant assay.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Roots of Gypsophila pacifica

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spectral data together with physicochemical analysis.Results Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosy...     

Daphnimacropodines A-D, alkaloids from Daphniphyllum macropodum

Four new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphnimacropodines A-D (1-4), together with three known ones, daphnilactone B and daphnezomines H and I, were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum macropodum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques.     

Daphnipaxianines A-D, alkaloids from Daphniphyllum paxianum

Four new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphnipaxianines A-D ( 1- 4), along with six known ones, have been isolated from the leaves and fruits of Daphniphyllum paxianum. Daphnipaxianines A and B ( 1, 2), a pair of epimers differing at C-10, are the first caliciphylline A type Daphniphyllum alkaloids with a Delta (9(15))-unsaturated cyclic ketone unit, and daphnipaxianine D ( 4) is the first yuzurine-type Daphniphyllum alkaloid containing a hexacyclic ring system. The structures of these alkaloids were characterized by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the structure of 1.     

Sulfated triterpene derivatives from Fagonia arabica

Two new sulfated triterpenes (1, 6) and four new sulfated triterpene glycosides (2-5) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Fagonia arabica. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 1/2 and 3/4 are sulfated derivatives of the rare sapogenins 3beta,27-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and 3beta,27-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, respectively. Compound 5 is an unusual disulfated oleanene derivative characterized by the occurrence of a 13,18-double bond, while compound 6 is the first reported naturally occurring saturated and sulfated pentacyclic triterpene of the taraxastane series with a C-20,28 lactone unit.     

圆锥石头花中的三萜皂苷

目的：研究圆锥石头花根中的化学成分。方法：用75％乙醇回流提取,乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,采用硅胶、SephadexLH-20、Rp—C18柱色谱法和制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从圆锥石头花根中分离得到8个多糖三萜皂苷。结论：化含物1-8首次从该植物中分离得到。     

大叶石头花中的黄酮碳苷

目的：研究大叶石头花地上部分的黄酮碳苷成分。方法：用70%乙醇回流提取,氯仿和正丁醇依次萃取,采用硅胶、SephadexLH-20、ODS柱色谱等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从大叶石头花地上部分分离得到6个黄酮碳苷：皂草黄素（isovitexin,1）,芒果素（mangiferin,2）,异荭草素（isoorientin,3）,2＇＇-O-鼠李糖基-7-甲氧基异荭草素（4）,2＇＇-O-鼠李糖基皂草黄素（5）,2＇＇-O-鼠李糖基异荭草素（6）。结论：化合物1~6首次从该属中分离得到。     

Tricalysiamides A-D, diterpenoid alkaloids from Tricalysia dubia

Four rearranged ent-kaurane diterpenoid alkaloids, tricalysiamides A-D (1-4), having a cafestol-type carbon framework were isolated from the wood of Tricalysia dubia. Their absolute structures were determined on the basis of 2D NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and chemical methods.     

Glandulosides A-D, triterpene saponins from Acanthophyllum glandulosum

Four novel triterpenoid saponins, glandulosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), together with two known saponins (5 and 6) have been isolated from the roots of Acanthophyllum glandulosum. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and by FABMS. The new compounds were characterized as 23-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylgypsogenic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside (3), and 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[3-O-acetyl-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (4).     

Chionaeosides A-D, triterpene saponins from Paronychia chionaea

Four new triterpenoid saponins, chionaeosides A-D (1-4) were isolated from the roots of Paronychia chionaea. On the basis of their spectroscopic data, the structures of the new saponins were established as 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylgypsogenic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylgypsogenic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylgypsogenic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), and 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylgypsogenic acid (4).     

Paratunamides A-D, oxindole alkaloids from Cinnamodendron axillare

Four new oxindole alkaloids, paratunamides A-D (1-4), containing a secologanin unit, were isolated from the bark of Cinnamodendron axillare, and their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration at C-7 in 1-4 was assigned as S, S, R, and S, respectively, on the basis of the CD spectra.     

Silenorubicosides A-D, triterpenoid saponins from Silene rubicunda

Four novel triterpenoid saponins, silenorubicosides A-D (1-4), together with four known saponins were isolated from the roots of Silene rubicunda. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR (DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HETCOR, HMBC, and phase-sensitive NOESY) studies and chemical degradation.     

Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes: liginvolones A-D from ligusticum involucratum

Four new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes, liginvolones A-D (1-4), a new coumarin, 4'-octanoyloxyosthenol (5), and 20 known constituents were isolated from Ligusticum involucratum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.     

Verrucamides A-D, antibacterial cyclopeptides from Myrothecium verrucaria

Four new cyclic tetradecapeptides, verrucamides A-D (1-4), have been isolated from the solid-substrate fermentation culture of the ascomycete fungus Myrothecium verrucaria. The structures of these compounds, each featuring six N-methylated amino acid residues, were elucidated primarily by NMR and MS methods. The absolute configurations of 1-4 were assigned by application of Marfey's method on their acid hydrolysates. Compounds 1-4 showed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.     

Cepharatines A-D, hasubanan-type alkaloids from Stephania cepharantha

Four new hasubanan-type alkaloids, cepharatines A-D (1-4), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Stephania cepharantha, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic diffraction.     

Busseihydroquinones A-D from the roots of Pentas bussei

Four new naphthohydroquinones, named busseihydroquinones A-D (1-4), along with a known homoprenylated dihydronaphthoquinone (5), were isolated from the CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH (1:1) extract of the roots of Pentas bussei. Although the genus Pentas is frequently used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria, only marginal activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and the chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum were observed for the crude root extract and the isolated constituents of this plant.     

Stachylines A-D from the sponge-derived fungus Stachylidium sp

The marine-derived fungus Stachylidium sp. was isolated from the sponge Callyspongia cf. C. flammea. Four new, putatively tyrosine-derived and O-prenylated natural products, stachylines A-D (1-4), were obtained from the fungal extract. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of compound 2 was established by Mosher's method. Stachyline A (1) possesses a rare terminal oxime group and occurs as an interchangeable mixture of E/Z-isomers.     

霞草中三萜化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的为开发利用霞草Gyp soph ila oldham iana根部资源,并从中寻找新的天然活性成分。方法利用多种柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和现代波谱技术并辅以化学方法进行结构鉴定。结果从霞草根部甲醇提取物的正丁醇部分和醋酸乙酯部分分得3个五环三萜化合物,分别鉴定为:齐墩果酸(o leano lic ac id,Ⅰ)、co llinsogen in(Ⅱ)、3-O--βD-xy lopyranosy l-(1→3)-[-βD-ga lactopyranosy l-(1→2)]--βD-g lucuronopyranosy l gypso-gen in(Ⅲ)。结论化合物Ⅲ为新化合物,命名为霞草苷Ⅰ(o ldham ianos ideⅠ);化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ均为首次从该植物中分得。     

Gusanlungionosides A-D, potential tyrosinase inhibitors from Arcangelisia gusanlung

Four new megastigmane glycosides, named gusanlungionosides A-D (1-4), together with 10 known compounds (5-14), were isolated from the stems of Arcangelisia gusanlung. The structures and absolute configurations of 1-4 were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of their NMR and CD data. Compounds 1-4 exhibited strong inhibitory effects not only on the mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro but also on melanogenesis in cells.