Anisodamine affects the pigmentation,mineral density,craniofacial area,and eye development in zebrafish embryos

Anisodamine is one of the major components of the tropine alkaloid family and is widely used in the treatment of pain, motion sickness, pupil dilatation, and detoxification of organophosphorus poisoning. As a muscarinic receptor antagonist, the low toxicity and moderate drug effect of anisodamine often result in high doses for clinical use, making it important to fully investigate its toxicity. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1.3-, 2.6-, and 5.2-mM anisodamine for 7 days to study the toxic effects of drug exposure on pigmentation, mineral density, craniofacial area, and eye development. The results showed that exposure to anisodamine at 1.3 mM resulted in cranial malformations and abnormal pigmentation in zebrafish embryos; 2.6- and 5.2-mM anisodamine resulted in significant eye development defects and reduced bone density in zebrafish embryos. The associated toxicities were correlated with functional development of neural crest cells through gene expression (col1a2, ddb1, dicer1, mab21l1, mab21l2, sox10, tyrp1b, and mitfa) in the dose of 5.2-mM exposed group. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence of the developmental toxicity of high doses of anisodamine in aqueous solutions to organisms and provides a warning for the safe use of this drug.     

Acupuncture combined with herb decoction for intractable hiccup

Objective

To observe the efficacy of scalp acupuncture combined with oral administration of Ènì Tāng (

, Hiccup Decoction) for treatment of intractable hiccup.

金锁固精丸加味联合654-2穴位注射治疗遗精40例临床观察

目的 观察金锁固精丸加味联合山莨菪碱(654-2)穴位注射治疗遗精的临床疗效.方法 选取遗精患者80例,随机分为观察组、对照组,各40例.观察组口服金锁固精丸加味联合654-2穴位注射,对照组给予舒乐安定片和谷维素片口服,观察对比两组的临床疗效.结果 观察组总有效率为90.0％,对照组总有效率为72.5％,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 金锁固精丸加味口服联合654-2穴位注射治疗遗精疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

幼儿下呼吸道感染的疗效观察

目的：观察山莨菪碱注射液辅助治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效观察.方法：对80例下呼吸道感染的患儿在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组加用山莨菪碱注射液,剂量为0.2-0.3mg/Kg,加5%葡萄糖30-50ml静点,每天一次,滴速8-10滴/分,连用3-5天,观察咳嗽、咳痰、肺部啰音消失时间.结果：加小剂量山莨菪碱注射液静点,治疗小儿下呼吸道感染,可缩短咳嗽、咳痰及肺部啰音时间及住院天数,促进痰液排出,减少并发症.结论：小剂量山莨菪碱注射液辅助治疗婴幼儿下呼吸道感染具有良好的疗效.     

短程大剂量山莨菪碱联用地塞米松治疗危重型多发伤患者效果观察

目的:探讨短程大剂量山莨菪碱联用地塞米松治疗危重型多发伤患者的临床效果,并阐述作用机制。方法:临床纳入危重型多发伤患者70例,根据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组。研究组给予山莨菪碱联合地塞米松,对照组给予门冬氨酸钾镁联合地塞米松。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时对比治疗前后两组患者肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、脂质过氧化物(lipid hydroperoxide,LPO)水平。此外,观察两组患者治疗前后肝肾功能等安全性指标的变化。结果:研究组病死率为11.43%,对照组病死率为22.86%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但治疗后,研究组血TNF、LPO水平分别为(77.02±12.77)μmol/L、(2.94±0.72)μmol/L,而对照组血TNF、LPO水平分别为(112.46±15.91)μmol/L、(5.03±1.03)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前后,两组患者肝肾功能等指标水平差异均无明显变化,差异无统计学意义。结论:短程大剂量山莨菪碱联用地塞米松能够显著降低危重型多发伤患者的死亡率,且应用安全可靠,其作用机制可能在于抑制机体TNF、LPO水平。     

The oxygen radical generator pyrogallol impairs cardiomyocyte contractile function via a superoxide and p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway

Oxygen-derived free radicals have been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial dysfunction, although the underlying mechanism remains not fully understood. This study was designed to examine the role of the superoxide generator pyrogallol on cardiac contractile function and possible intervention with herbal medicines anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on pyrogallol-induced cardiac contractile response. Adult rat ventricular myocytes were isolated and stimulated to contract at 0.5 Hz. Mechanical properties were evaluated using an lonOptix system including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR₉₀), and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt). A 10-min exposure of pyrogallol (0 to 10⁻² M) did not affect cardiac contractile mechanics. However, longer duration of pyrogallol exposure (1, 3, and 6 h) significantly shortened resting cell length, reduced PS and ±dL/dt, and prolonged TPS and TR₉₀ in time- and concentration-dependent manners. The pyrogallol (10⁻⁴ M with 6-h incubation)-induced mechanical defects were prevented by the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor SB203580 (1 μM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 500 U/mL) with the exception that pyrogallol-induced PS depression was unaffected by SOD. Interestingly, incubation of herbal antioxidants anisodamine (10⁻⁷ M) and TMP (10⁻⁷ M) effectively attenuated the pyrogallol-induced cardiac mechanical defects with the exception of PS unaffected by TMP. Our data demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of pyrogallol on cardiac contraction, probably in a superoxide- and p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. The antioxidant medicines anisodamine and TMP may be useful in the treatment of oxygen free radical-induced myocardial dysfunction.     

氯丙嗪联合山茛菪碱治疗肺结核大咯血36例临床观察

目的观察氯丙嗪联合山莨菪碱治疗肺结核大咯血的止血效果.方法将肺结核大咯血69例随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组36例采用氯丙嗪联合山莨菪碱治疗,对照组33例采用垂体后叶素治疗.结果治疗组的止血总有效率为94.4%,对照组的止血总有效率为78.8%,两组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05).结论氯丙嗪联合山莨菪碱是治疗肺结核大咯血的确切有效的止血方法.     

大剂量山茛菪碱救治老年重症感染性休克3例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨老年重症感染性休克的治疗方法。方法 总结3例老年重症感染性休克的治疗过程。结果 3例患者中,男性2例,女性1例,年龄72～86岁,均合并有>3种基础疾病,2例为手术后合并感染性休克,1例为急性心肌梗死后合并感染性和心原性休克,在常规抗休克治疗无效的情况下,加用山莨菪碱(654-2)20mg静脉注射,5～10min1次,休克均得到纠正,应用山莨菪碱总量为780～1700mg。结论 老年重症感染性休克晚期患者在常规抗休克治疗无效时,短时间内大剂量应用山莨菪碱治疗可以收到良好的效果。本疗法可应用于SARS老年重症感染性休克患者。     

抗胆碱药联合益血生治疗病窦综合征疗效观察

目的评估抗胆碱药并益血生对病窦综合征病人的用药及疗效.方法全部病例经EKG、DCE、阿托品试验,部分经食道心房调搏等多项检查确诊.观察组34例口服阿托品及益血生胶囊,依用药方式不同又分为A、B、C组.结果观察组显效率为35.3%,对照组为29.0%;观察组总有效率为79.5%,对照组为64.5%(P＜0.05),其中观察组中B组、C组的总有效率较高,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论抗胆碱药山莨菪碱(654-2)与益血生联合治疗病窦综合征疗效确切、安全,不良反应少.     

山莨菪碱预防直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的临床研究

目的探讨山莨菪碱预防直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的临床疗效。方法 100例直肠癌病人在手术后常规用药基础上应用山莨菪碱20mg静脉滴注,应用7d。结果 100例病人1例发生吻合口瘘。结论山莨菪碱可有效地预防直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生。