Validated RP-HPLC method for quantification of felodipine in rabbit plasma: Application in a bioequivalence study

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Are nontreponemal tests suitable for monitoring syphilis treatment efficacy? Evidence from rabbit infection models

ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize kinetics of non-treponamal antibody titres during the natural course of syphilis and explore their roles in monitoring syphilis treatment efficacy.MethodsSixty New Zealand white male rabbits were challenged with Nichols or Amoy Treponema pallidum strains, and the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test was performed to quantify non-treponemal antibody titres during the infection course. Viable T. pallidum in the challenged rabbits was assessed with rabbit infectivity tests.ResultsThe RPR titres of the Nichols or Amoy strain between no benzathine penicillin G (BPG) and BPG treatment subgroups displayed a similar trend: first ascending and then descending. Compared with baseline, the proportions of fourfold decline in RPR titres in the Nichols or Amoy group presented a similar result on days 30, 60 and 180 between the no BPG and BPG treatment subgroups (0%, 0/5; 80%, 4/5; 100%, 5/5; vs. 0%, 0/5; 80%, 4/5; 100%, 5/5; p 0.999; 0%, 0/5; 80%, 4/5; 80%, 4/5; vs. 40%, 2/5; 100%, 5/5; 100%, 5/5; p 0.098, respectively). Compared with the maximum baseline titre, the proportion of fourfold decline in PRR titre also showed a similar result in the two groups on days 30, 60 and 180 between the no BPG and the BPG treatment subgroups (0%, 0/5; 100%, 5/5; 100%, 5/5, vs. 40%, 2/5; 100%, 5/5; 100%, 5/5; p 0.129; 0%, 0/5; 100%, 5/5; 100%, 5/5, vs. 80%, 4/5; 100%, 5/5; 100%, 5/5; p 0.091, respectively. Moreover, regardless of whether the RPR titres presented a fourfold decline, viable T. pallidum could be detected in untreated rabbits' lymph nodes at 30, 60 and 180 days post infection, while viable T. pallidum was not detected in any of the treated rabbits' lymph nodes.ConclusionsThe RPR titre increased and then decreased (even became negative) during the natural course of syphilis, similar to that seen after BPG treatment. The RPR tetre is thus a questionable indicator of syphilis treatment efficacy.     

PRP及前列地尔对兔缺血皮瓣的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨富血小板血浆（PRP）、前列地尔注射液及其联合应用对兔缺血皮瓣的影响。 方法 选择 40 只健康新西兰兔随机分为20组，每组2 只，每只兔背部设计两块以中线对称的 10cm×2.5cm 大小超长宽比例任意皮瓣，形成每组 4 个兔背缺血皮瓣模型。每组随机分为对照瓣及实验瓣1、试验瓣2、试验瓣3。对照瓣：采用局部及静脉均注射生理盐水；实验瓣1：局部注射 PRP，静脉注射生理盐水；试验瓣2：局部注射生理盐水，静脉注射前列地尔注射液（0.8mL/kg)；试验瓣3：局部注射 PRP，静脉注射前列地尔注射液。术后 7d 在统一标准下拍照并取材。测量各瓣存活面积，计算皮瓣存活率；HE 染色后镜下观察各瓣组织结构层次、炎性细胞浸润情况及微血管口径变化；免疫组化检测 CD34 表达、测量微血管密度；酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）含量。结果 术后 7d，各瓣远端均发生不同程度坏死，经测量计算后得出：各瓣平均存活面积、存活率、微血管密度、VEGF 含量由大到小依次为：实验瓣3＞实验瓣1＞实验瓣2＞对照瓣，组间比较差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05)。HE 染色后镜下观察可见：所有实验瓣较对照瓣组织水肿轻，新生毛细血管增多；实验瓣3较对照瓣及实验瓣1、实验瓣2结构、层次更清晰分明，新生毛细血管最多，大部分管腔扩大，炎性细胞浸润较少，组织水肿轻；实验瓣1较实验瓣2组织结构分明，新生毛细血管较多，炎性细胞浸润较少，但实验瓣2血管管腔直径更大。结论 富血小板血浆、前列地尔注射液单独应用时均能不同程度改善兔缺血皮瓣缺血坏死，提高皮瓣存活率，并且二者联合应用效果优于单独使用。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术与传统开放手术对邻近腰椎生物力学功能影响的比较

目的 观察在兔骨质疏松模型中行经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和开放复位内固定手术对邻近腰椎生物力学功能的影响.方法 将新西兰大白兔通过切除双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松模型,造模成功42只,分为两组,A组21只,予以行开放复位内固定手术;B组21只,予以PKP手术,观察两组模型术后椎体弯曲和压缩实验最大载荷量的变化,椎体术后平均高度和矢状面Cobb角的改变.结果 两组兔模型行PKP和开放复位内固定术术后椎体承载压力能力得到了显著提升,手术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),B组术后椎体承载压力能力提高较A组明显,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).但术后6、12、18个月两组模型承载压力能力逐渐下降.术后观察18个月,A组手术椎体术后平均高度和矢状面Cobb角均无明显变化,B组模型18个月后手术椎体前缘平均高度由术前(38.81±4.12)％恢复至(80.17±8.38)％,矢状面Cobb角由术前(30.13±4.27)°恢复至(8.69±2.41)°.B组椎体术后高度测量值和Cobb角的变化与A组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKP较开放复位内固定手术可更好地改善邻近椎体后凸角度,更显著地改善椎体承载压力的能力,PKP治疗骨质疏松安全有效.     

兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型的建立

目的:建立兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型。方法:选用16只成年雄性新西兰大白兔,随机分为4组,每组4只。在双侧下颌骨第一前磨牙前方无牙区行骨切开术,用自制牵张器固定。经过7d潜伏期,以每次0.5mm的速度牵张,每天2次,连续7d。分别在潜伏期末、牵张结束、固定期第14天、第28天处死动物,切取标本行X线和组织学观察。结果:全部动物的下颌骨被成功延长,牵张间隙逐渐被新生骨组织充填。结论:该方法建立的动物模型具有可行性和可重复性。     

家兔创伤性面神经损伤的组织病理学研究

为了建立各种面神经损伤的实验动物模型，对６８只家兔１３６侧面神经颊面干分别造成暴露、牵拉、挤压、压榨及切断后吻合与不吻合６种损伤，于伤后不同时间取材，切片行Ｂｏｄｉａｎ及Ｗｅｉｌ染色，光镜下观察神经轴突、髓鞘、Ｓｃｈｗａｎｎ细胞及神经纤维周围结缔组织的变化。结果表明，暴露可造成神经Ⅰ度损伤；挤压、牵拉、压榨可造成Ⅱ～Ⅲ度损伤；神经断裂后不吻合者预后明显较吻合者差。神经受损后的病理改变，在中、重度损伤与神经电图变化相一致，而轻度损伤及严重损伤后期两者可能不一致。伤后１５天为临床评价面神经功能恢复的最佳时间。神经受损面积对髓鞘病变影响明显，而损伤性质及程度对轴突病变影响明显。该动物模型的建立为深入进行面神经损伤及修复的研究提供了条件。     

Mastication-induced modulation of orofacial sensory inputs as seen in the jaw reflex and single neuronal activities in the face primary somatosensory cortex of the rabbit

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of mastication on non-nociceptive orofacial sensory transmission of the somatosensory pathways and that on the jaw reflex arc. To achieve this, single-unit activities of the face primary somatosensory cortex (face-SI) neurons responding to low-intensity electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and the jaw-opening reflex (JOR) were recorded during mastication in awake rabbits. The entire masticatory sequence was divided into the preparatory period (PP), the rhythmic-chewing period (RC) and the preswallow period (PS). A total of 112 face-SI neurons were tested for the effects of mastication. The responsiveness of most neurons and the JOR were modulated during different periods of mastication. The IAN-evoked activity was attenuated in a majority of the neurons during at least one of the masticatory periods. The JOR was suppressed during the RC and PS, while the modulatory effect was variable during the PP. Regression analysis showed that the modulatory effect of mastication on the IAN-evoked neuronal activity and that on the JOR was not well correlated. It was notable that a considerable number of face-SI neurons showed mastication-related activity although their responsiveness to IAN stimulation was strongly suppressed (i.e. almost "gated out") during mastication. The findings indicate that (1) sensory transmissions of the somatosensory and reflex pathways may be modulated in a different manner during mastication, and that (2) activity of face-SI neurons during mastication may not necessarily be a simple reflection of movement-induced stimulation of orofacial mechanoreceptors.     

基于数字减影血管造影的 VX2肝癌兔靶向药物治疗模型的建立

目的探讨基于数字减影血管造影( DSA)的 VX2兔肝癌模型建立以及影响建模成功的相关因素。方法 2019年 11月至 2022年 6月, 44只健康新西兰大白兔使用随机数字表法等分成 A、B两组,各 22只。均实施开腹穿刺接种法移植肝癌, A组行常规经导管动脉化疗栓塞术( TACE)手术治疗(阿霉素 +碘化油)B组在传统 TACE治疗的基础上联合使用靶向药物贝伐单抗。根据手术后生存时间分为死亡组(存活时间 <14 d)和存活组(存活,时间 ≥14 d)将可能影响存活的因素分别行单因素及 lo- gistic多因素回归分析,使用受试者操作特征曲线( ROC曲线)分析相关因素的诊断预,测效能。结果死亡组为 10只,存活组为 34只。多因素分析显示体质量［ OR=0.20,95%CI:(0.07,0.59)］、总胆红素［ OR=6.02,95%CI:(2.55,14.16)］是 VX2肝癌兔术后短期死亡的独立影响因素。 ROC曲线分析显示当肝癌兔体质量 ≤2.44 kg、总胆红素 ≥4.84 μmol/L时预测术后短期死亡的效能最高,此时曲线下面积( AUC)分别为 0.90和 0.89。结论基于 DSA的 VX2肝癌兔靶向药物治疗模型的建立成功率较为可靠,但较低的体质量和较高的术后血清总胆红素是肝癌兔术后短期内死亡的独立危险因素。     

盐酸青藤碱对家兔脊柱压缩性骨折愈合的影响

目的研究盐酸青藤碱夹脊穴注射治疗去势家兔L1-L5 节段脊柱压缩性骨折（Compression fractureof spine,VCF）的机制。方法家兔48 只,采用随机数字表编号后随机分为空白对照组、模型组和青藤碱组（SIN组）,除空白对照组外,其它2 组均建立去势后L1-L5 节段VCF模型。成模后SIN 组于L1-L5 节段脊柱两侧“夹脊穴”注射盐酸青藤碱,模型组和空白对照组注射等体积生理盐对照,3 组均治疗4 周。家兔骨折椎体骨生长分化因子2（Growth differentiation factor2,GDF2）、血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）及VEGF-mRNA 表达采用免疫组化染色法测定;一氧化氮（Nitric oxide,NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxidedism utase,SOD）活性和骨保护素（OPG）采用ELISA 法检测;免疫荧光法测定脊柱椎间盘二聚糖、图像分析法测L1-L5 节段脊柱骨密度;ELISA法检测脊柱椎间盘炎性因子白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-6β、IL-17β。结果与模型组比,SIN组L1-L5 节段脊柱GDF2、VEGF和VEGFmRNA均高表达、且脊柱骨密度增强（P＜0.05）;椎间盘二聚糖增多,IL-1β、IL-6β、IL-17β降低（P＜0.05）;静脉血NO降低、OPG、SOD升高（P＜0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。结论盐酸青藤碱“夹脊穴”注射可促进家兔L1-L5节段VCF愈合