介入治疗对兔VX2肝癌MMP-2基因表达的影响

目的研究MMP-2在兔VX2肝癌中表达的意义以及介入治疗对其表达的影响。方法建立兔VX2肝癌的动物模型,将实验动物分为介入组和对照组,比较2组的肝功能变化、肿瘤体积增长率,用原位杂交和免疫组化方法研究各组的MMP-2基因及蛋白表达情况。结果对照组的AST和ALT分别高于同一时间段介入组。各组肿瘤随着时间延长体积均增大,但介入治疗后尤其是术后2、3周体积增长减缓,与对照组相比,有显著性差异。原位杂交及免疫组化显示MMP-2mRNA及蛋白表达主要定位于癌细胞胞浆。介入组MMP-2mRNA及蛋白表达的阳性率较对照组明显减少(P<0·05)。转移组MMP-2mRNA及蛋白表达的阳性率较无转移组明显增加(P<0·05)。结论介入治疗能改善肝功能,延缓肿瘤生长,减少转移。MMP-2的高表达预示着高转移潜能。     

Glucocorticoid regulation of G-protein subunits in neonatal liver

The effect of dexamethasone administration in vivo on the steady-state levels of G-protein subunits in liver of neonatal rabbits was investigated using specific antibodies to each subunit as well as bacterial toxin-mediated ADP-ribosylation assays. Parallel measurements were also made of the activity of adenylyl cyclase, as influenced by a variety of activators. Dexamethasone administration modulated the levels of G-protein subunits in liver in an age-dependent and subunit-specific manner but not in 24-h-old newborns. The inductive effect of dexamethasone was observed in animals older than 24 h, the greatest effect being on 2- to 3-day-old neonates. In 48-h-old animals the -subunits G_s-1, G_s-2, G_i and the β-subunit Gβ increased 2.0-, 2.1-, 4.3- and 2.8-fold, respectively, compared to the control. The increases were much less for older animals. Dexamethasone treatment also modulated effector-mediated stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity in vitro and mimicked its effects on G-protein levels; the greatest increase (˜ 2-fold) in the activation of adenylyl cyclase occurred in membranes isolated from 2- to 3-day-old animals. In older animals there was either no effect of dexamethasone or a decrease in activity. The degree of change in enzyme activity paralleled the change in the amount of G_s rather than of G_i or Gβ. These results suggest development-dependent regulation of hepatic G-proteins by glucocorticoids.     

兔不全梗阻性膀胱一氧化氮合酶神经和内皮素-1含量的改变及意义

目的　研究一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)神经、内皮素 (ET) - 1在兔不全梗阻性膀胱中的改变和意义。方法　运用 NADPH组织化学及放射免疫分析技术对 1 0只成年雄性新西兰白兔不全梗阻性膀胱及 1 0只同龄雄性新西兰白兔无梗阻性膀胱的兔血浆、尿液及膀胱平滑肌组织中 ET- 1和膀胱平滑肌中 NOS神经进行研究。结果　实验组兔膀胱体、膀胱颈部粘膜及膀胱体平滑肌 NOS神经均明显减少 (膀胱体粘膜为 P<0 .0 5,膀胱颈粘膜为 P<0 .0 1 ,膀胱体平滑肌为 P<0 .0 5) ;实验组较对照组血浆与尿液中 ET- 1含量均明显增高 (血浆 3 w组与血浆 6 w组均为 P<0 .0 5;尿液 3 w组与 6 w组均为 P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;实验组较对照组膀胱体部平滑肌组织 ET- 1含量明显升高 (P<0 .0 5)。结论　 NOS神经的减少和 ET- 1的上调对兔不全梗阻性膀胱的功能和结构变化具有一定作用 ,为梗阻性膀胱的病理生理变化提供了一个较为合理的解释。血浆、尿液中 ET- 1在兔不全梗阻性膀胱中的含量上调 ,并可作为膀胱出口梗阻诊断的重要参数。     

利多卡因对造影剂及胰管结扎所致兔胰腺炎动物模型的影响

目的:探讨利多卡因对兔胰管括约肌压力和造影剂及胰管结扎相关胰腺炎的影响.方法:日本大耳兔24只随机分为4组,每组6只.采用300 g/L的泛影葡胺0.5 mL/kg经兔胰管内逆行注射 胰管阻塞的方法造模.Ⅰ,Ⅱ组造模前分别用利多卡因或蒸馏水在胰管远端括约肌处进行局部喷洒,观察其对于兔胰管括约肌压力的影响及术后24 h胰腺病理形态学研究.Ⅲ组只进行胰管括约肌测压,Ⅳ组为对照组,只做开腹术.结果:术前利多卡因乳头局部喷洒组与蒸馏水喷洒组相比,术后24 h胰头部分的病理组织学评分结果表明胰腺的病理改变主要表现为轻微的水肿和炎细胞浸润,其水肿、炎细胞浸润、出血以及坏死的程度显著减轻(水肿:0.83±0.75 vs 2.83±0.41:炎细胞浸润:1.33±0.52 vs 3.00±0.00:出血:0.00±0.00 vs 0.67±0.52:坏死:0.17±0.41 vs 1.50±0.55,均P<0.05).利多卡因乳头局部喷洒组与蒸馏水喷洒组及单纯测压组相比,利多卡因可显著降低胰管括约肌压力,差异有统计学意义(19.98±6.47 vs 34.77±8-36,32.67±7.79,均P<0.05).结论:利多卡因在胰管远端括约肌的乳头部喷洒,可以明显降低括约肌压力,有效预防造影剂及胰管结扎所致胰腺炎.     

复方花刺参粘多糖对家兔血管成形术后内皮功能及超微结构的影响

为探讨复方花刺参粘多糖对成形术后血管内皮功能及超微结构的影响，采用光镜、扫描和透射电镜及生物化学技术观察血管成形术后血浆内皮素、血清一氧化氮浓度及血管病理形态学变化。结果发现，血管成形术后4周，花刺参组和辛伐他汀组血浆内皮素浓度显著低于模型组，血清一氧化氮浓度显著高于模型组。模型组成形术段内膜厚度明显高于花刺参组和辛伐他汀组，管腔狭窄度明显高于花刺参组和辛伐他汀组。透射电镜观察，模型组成形段血管平滑肌细胞胞体肥大而致密，核明显增大，胞浆内线粒体、高尔基体、粗面内质网明显增多，游离核糖体增多，细胞内肌丝含量减少，呈“合成型”改变，花刺参组和辛伐他汀组胞体及核相对较小，胞浆内粗面内质网、高尔基体、线粒体较少，而肌丝含量相对较多，细胞分化程度较好，呈“收缩型”改变。扫描电镜观察，模型组血管内皮细胞排列紊乱，细胞联接破坏，有大量血小板和血液中沉积的蛋白颗粒粘附，花刺参组和辛伐他汀组多数血管内皮细胞排列趋于正常，细胞联接方式亦有所恢复，只有极少数血小板附着。提示复方花刺参粘多糖具有抑制家兔血管成形术后内膜增生和保护内皮功能的作用。     

家兔精液传播弓形虫的实验研究

目的 了解弓形虫能否通过精液传播，并探讨雌兔阴道不同健康状态对精液传播弓形虫的影响。 方法 8只健康新西兰雄兔经腹腔分别感染1×10⁵个RH株弓形虫速殖子，分别于感染前、后用假阴道采集雄兔精液，每周将采集到的精液混合液化后0.1 ml/只， 分别经宫腔内人工受精管感染4组阴道健康状态不同的成年新西兰雌兔（阴道正常组、阴道损伤组、滴虫性阴道炎组和霉菌性阴道炎组）， 共采集8周，将所得8份混合精液分别感染8次。每次受精后第2～3天耳缘静脉采血2 ml， 分别用ELISA和PCR检测血清抗弓形虫抗体和全血中弓形虫B1基因片段。 结果 ELISA结果显示，雌兔在初次受精后第16天可检测到抗弓形虫抗体，第1～4组抗体阳性家兔数分别有2、1、3和1只，ELISA阳性率为25.9％（7/27）。PCR检测最早在受精后3 d和最晚51 d可扩增出弓形虫B1基因片段200 bp， 第1～4组阳性家兔数分别有2、1、2和0只，PCR阳性率为18.5%（5/27）。其中两种检测结果均为阳性的3只。 结论 弓形虫可通过精液感染雌兔。雌兔的阴道健康状态对经精液感染弓形虫无影响。     

Imaging and morphology in reproductive toxicology – Progress to date and future directions

This review looks at the recent development and application of imaging techniques for the morphological examination of fetuses from preclinical regulatory reproductive toxicology studies. Full replacement of the examination methods currently used in routine studies (microdissection, Bouin's fluid fixation/sectioning and alizarin red S/alcian blue preparations) by imaging techniques has yet to be achieved. Progress, especially in the application of micro-CT for skeletal examination, has been made but challenges, particularly the financial investment required, remain.Despite this apparent lack of progress the application of imaging techniques to “non-routine” preclinical reproductive toxicology studies has been used to good effect. The ability to acquire multiple images over a time course i.e. longitudinally has enabled the fate, particularly of skeletal features, to be determined. The additional evidence gained from such studies can be used to better inform the prenatal developmental hazard assessment of test compounds.     

半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3基因表达对缺血再灌注心室功能的影响

目的观察家兔急性缺血再灌注后心肌组织中半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）表达对心室功能影响。方法家兔30只,分对照组（10只）,缺血组（10只）,再灌注组（10只）。缺血组套扎左冠状动脉前降支30min,再灌注组套扎30min后再灌注120min,对照组游离左冠状动脉前降支不结扎。超声心动图测量左室收缩功能,采用RT—PCR和免疫组化方法检测caspase-3基因与蛋白表达情况。结果对照组：各项指标基本正常。缺血组与对照组比较：caspase-3蛋白表达明显增高（P〈0．01）;caspase-3mRNA表达显著增强;左室应变率明显降低（P〈0．01）。再灌注组与缺血组比较：caspase-3蛋白表达进一步增高（P〈0．01）;caspase-3mRNA表达也有所增强;左室应变率有所恢复,但仍明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论缺血再灌注激活capase-3是导致与心室功能的改变的重要原因。     

Curcumin attenuates adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinase expression in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Curcumin, the yellow substance found in turmeric, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and lipid-lowering properties. Because we hypothesized that curcumin could ameliorate the development of atherosclerosis, the present study focused on the effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin consumption on high-cholesterol diet–induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. During our study, New Zealand white rabbits were fed 1 of 3 experimental diets: a normal diet, a normal diet enriched with 1% cholesterol (HCD), or an HCD supplemented with 0.2% curcumin. At the end of 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to determine the levels of serum lipids, cytokines, and soluble adhesion molecule levels. Gene expression of adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in aortas were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Compared with the HCD group, rabbits fed an HCD supplemented with 0.2% curcumin had significantly less aortic lesion areas and neointima thickening. Curcumin reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum by 30.7%, 41.3%, 30.4%, and 66.9% (all P < .05), respectively, but did not affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In addition, curcumin attenuated HCD-induced CD36 expression, circulating inflammatory cytokines, and soluble adhesive molecule levels. Curcumin reduced the mRNA and protein expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and it inhibited HCD-induced up-regulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Our results demonstrate that curcumin exerts an antiatherosclerotic effect, which is mediated by multiple mechanisms that include lowering serum lipids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, thus modulating the proinflammatory cytokine levels and altering adhesion molecules and MMP gene expression.     

不同潮气量、通气时间对家兔呼吸机相关肺损伤模型的影响

目的 探索不同潮气量、通气时间对制作家兔呼吸机肺损伤模型的影响.方法 54只家兔随机分为3组：常规潮气量组（VT10组,VT10 ml/kg）、中潮气量组（VT20组,VT20 ml/kg） 、大潮气量组（VT40组,VT40 ml/kg）;各组内再根据通气时间分别分为2 h、4 h和6 h 3个亚组.监测通气过程中的动脉血气、肺机械力学和血流动力学变化,肺组织大体标本及HE染色观察肺损伤情况,测定肺湿干比、BALF蛋白浓度,计数BALF中有核细胞和中性粒细胞数目.结果 VT10组在各时间点PaO2/FiO2保持稳定,VT20和VT40两组PaO2/FiO2随通气时间延长有下降趋势,其中VT20组通气4 h、6 h后PaO2/FiO2均＜300 mmHg,VT40组通气后2 h、4 h、6 h的PaO2/FiO2值均＜300 mmHg.VT10组肺组织肉眼及光镜下未见明显的改变.VT20组随着通气时间延长,可见一定程度的肺损伤,至通气6 h时,大体标本肉眼可见散在出血点,而VT40组通气2 h后肺组织就出现轻度损伤改变,通气4 h损伤显著.各组家兔的肺湿干比、BALF蛋白含量、有核细胞总数及中性粒细胞计数均随通气时间延长而升高.结论以VT40 ml/kg通气4 h为成功复制呼吸机所致肺损伤家兔模型的最理想条件.