Rapid death following undiagnosed stercoral perforation in a chronic opioid user

A case of rapid demise following an undiagnosed stercoral perforation is reported. A 57-year-old woman on chronic opioid replacement therapy presented with constipation and abdominal pain to the hospital. Following an unremarkable abdominal radiograph and admission for laxation and pain therapy, she was found dead only 18 h later. To exclude medical malpractice, a postmortem investigation was ordered. Postmortem computed tomography and autopsy revealed fatal fecal peritonitis based on a stercoral perforation of the rectosigmoid, which had been undiagnosed. This report highlights the need for early cross-sectional imaging and contributes to the data collection concerning this ever-growing, vulnerable group of patients undergoing opioid replacement.     

持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨非卧床腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生的危险因素。方法选取我院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的慢性肾衰竭持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者260例作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷收集患者信息,统计记录腹膜炎发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析确定腹膜炎发生的影响因素。结果 260例患者中发生腹膜炎的73例,占28. 08%;多因素logistic回归分析显示腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素有高龄、低文化水平、合并糖尿病、透析时长、总蛋白(TP)水平下降、血钙(Ca)水平下降。结论我院慢性肾衰竭持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者相关性腹膜炎发生率为28. 08%,腹膜炎发生独立危险因素为高龄、低文化水平、伴有糖尿病、透析时间长、总蛋白水平下降、血钙水平下降,结合危险因素制定防范干预措施非常重要。     

Peritonitis esclerosante encapsulante: hallazgos en imágenes de una entidad poco frecuente

ObjectivesTo describe the most characteristic imaging findings for sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, with an emphasis on the computed tomography findings.ConclusionThe incidence of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is low. The pathophysiology of this condition is unclear. Two types are recognized: idiopathic and secondary; the secondary type is generally a complication of peritoneal dialysis. Its nonspecific clinical presentation and the absence of blood markers mean that sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is usually diagnosed late. Thus, it is important to know the imaging signs; these include thickening and calcification of the peritoneum and dilation of bowel loops with thickening and calcification of bowel walls, whether in isolation or in association with loculated ascites. Although ultrasonography allows the complexity of the collections to be evaluated, computed tomography is the most useful technique for the general assessment of the signs mentioned above.     

单中心327例次腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎致病菌及药敏结果分析

目的 探讨持续性非卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)相关性腹膜炎的致病菌及其耐药性.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年5月在我中心就诊的180例327例次CAPD相关性腹膜炎的致病菌及其耐药性.结果 202例次培养阳性,培养阳性率为61.77％.革兰阳性球菌154例次,其中金黄色葡萄球菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌123例次,占病原微生物培养阳性的60.89％;革兰阴性杆菌38例次,其中大肠埃希菌11例次,占病原微生物培养阳性的5.45％;真菌10例次,其中假丝酵母菌7例次,占病原微生物培养阳性的3.47％.革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素耐药率最低,为3.25％,其次为莫西沙星,为5.19％,对利福平、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星耐药率分别为12.99％、35.71％、45.45％,对青霉素的耐药率最高,达84.42％.革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦耐药率最低,为10.53％,其次为头孢他啶,为23.68％,对左氧氟沙星、头孢匹美、庆大霉素耐药率分别为26.32％、28.21％、36.84％,对氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率最高,达50.00％.重复感染54例,共114例次,72例次培养阳性,阳性率为63.16％,其中革兰阳性球菌63例次,占87.50％,革兰阴性杆菌9例次,占12.50％,革兰阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,革兰阴性杆菌以大肠埃希菌为主.结论 本中心CAPD相关性腹膜炎致病菌以革兰阳性球菌为多,接触污染是导致腹膜炎的主要原因.革兰阳性球菌对青霉素耐药率最高,革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林/舒巴坦耐药率最高.     

万古霉素联合美罗培南作为腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎经验用药的疗效分析

目的通过万古霉素联合美罗培南作为腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis,PDRP)经验用药的疗效分析,为临床经验性用药提供一定的依据。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2014年6月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院住院的106例PDRP病例,按治疗方案分为治疗组44例和对照组62例。治疗组给予万古霉素十美罗培南治疗,对照组给予万古霉素+其他(三代头孢或氨基糖苷类)治疗。抽取PDRP患者首袋浑浊的腹膜透析液,送检细胞计数分类,并进行培养及药敏试验。收集患者临床资料,包括出现症状至入院时间,腹膜透析液白细胞计数、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血白细胞、中性比、C反应蛋白等指标,腹膜透析液培养及药敏结果等情况。结果 106例患者中以革兰阳性球菌为主,革兰阳性菌中耐药率最低的是利奈唑胺,万古霉素,莫西沙星;革兰阴性菌中耐药率最低的是美罗培南、妥布霉素、哌拉西林他唑巴坦。万古霉素联合美罗培南治疗后腹膜透析液白细胞计数显著下降,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P0.05),且退出率、病死率、霉菌检出率低于对照组,预后较好。结论腹腔经验性应用万古霉素联合碳青霉烯类能迅速控制腹膜透析液白细胞计数,预后较好,且符合我中心的药敏结果,推荐作为部分腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎初始经验用药,以供临床医生参考。     

Bezoar: an Unusual Palpable Mass in the Right Iliac Fossa

A 64-year-old gentleman presented with a 12-h history of right iliac fossa pain. On examination, the patient had a tender 8 × 6 cm mass in the right iliac fossa with localised peritonitis. The working diagnosis at this time was an appendix mass or caecal cancer. A computed tomography scan revealed the characteristic ‘bird''s nest’ appearance of a bezoar. On further questioning, the patient confessed to regularly ‘binging’ on grapes. The patient described passing the mass and his symptoms completely resolved. This appears to be the only documented case of a bezoar affecting the ascending colon.     

Peritoneal Dialysis for Acute Renal Failure in Infants: A Comparison of Three Types of Peritoneal Access

Peritoneal access for peritoneal dialysis (PD) poses a significant problem in infants due to their small size and can result in considerable morbidity and occasional mortality. This study was carried out to compare the complications associated with three different types of PD catheters for intermittent PD. A total of 79 sessions of PD were given to 51 infants with acute renal failure. Twenty-nine infants received 1, 18 received 2 and 2 infants received 3 and 4 sessions of PD, respectively. For PD access an intravenous cannula was used in 36, stylet catheter in 18, and guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter in 25 procedures. Percentage reduction of serum creatinine per PD session was comparable in infants being dialysed with different types of PD access. Local puncture site and intraperitoneal bleed were associated with the use of a stylet catheter during 4 procedures each (22.2%). Catheter blockade was commonest with the intravenous cannula (22.2%), followed by guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter (16%), and was least with the stylet catheter (5.5%). Total mechanical complications were lower with guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter (16%) as compared to intravenous cannula (25%) and stylet catheter (66%) (p < 0.05). There were 4 episodes of peritonitis (5.0%), 3 bacterial and 1 fungal. Although peritonitis was more common with intravenous cannula (8.3%) than guide wire inserted catheter (4%) and stylet catheter (nil), the difference was not statistically significant. Total complications including mechanical and infective were least with guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter (20%), followed by intravenous cannula (33%) and stylet catheter (66%) (p < 0.05). Of 51 infants, 20 died (39.0%). The PD procedure per se resulted in mortality in 2 cases, 1 because of massive intraperitoneal bleed due to stylet induced injury of an intra abdominal blood vessel and the other due to fungal peritonitis. To conclude, of the three types of access for intermittent PD, complications related to the PD procedure are the least with guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter.     

淋病性腹膜炎临床诊断回顾(附30例报告)

作者对30例淋病性腹膜炎临床诊断进行回顾分析。13例因误诊而行探腹术，其中11例误诊为急性阑尾炎、阑尾穿孔（84．6％），1例误为胆囊炎、胆石症（7．7％），1例误为卵巢黄体破裂（7．7％）。大多数病例有不洁性生活史。通常有以下特点：（1）就诊较晚；（2）无典型脐周转移右下腹疼痛史；（3）强直体位不明显；（4）腹部肌卫较轻，（5）右下腹压痛点固定不明显。本组30例从腹腔渗液或从阴道粘液均查见淋病双球菌（PCR技术）。结论是：从本组诊断经过中认为淋病性腹膜炎最易误诊为急性阑尾炎、阑尾穿孔。应根据病史，症状和实验室检查加以鉴别以避免不必要的剖腹探查术。     

腹腔镜检查诊断536例结核性腹膜炎分析

目的：评价诊断性腹腔镜检查在结核性腹膜炎的价值和安全性。方法：对1983年-2001年536例腹腔镜检查诊断为结核性腹膜炎的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：有527例患者成功行腹腔镜检查并确诊为结核性腹膜炎(98．3％)，有6例气腹失败(1.1％)，有3例因腹腔镜检查时肠管损伤行剖腹肠管修补术(0．6％)。在536例病例中，渗出型有67例(12．5％)，粘连型有183例，(34．1％)，干酪型286例(53．4％)。粘连型腹腔镜检查失败率和并发症均明显高于渗出型和干酪型。结论：腹腔镜检查是一种安全、诊断准确率高的检查方法。对结核性腹膜炎的诊断具有重要价值。