谷氨酰胺对腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡犬肠功能的影响研究

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡实验犬肠功能的影响.方法 30只成年犬致腹部开放伤,按数字表法随机分为海水浸泡组(对照组)、普通治疗组(常规组)和谷氨酰胺治疗组(观察组),每组10只.于致伤前及致伤后定时测定犬的血压、心率、呼吸、腹围、肠鸣音,取血测定内毒素、D-乳酸、双胺氧化酶(DAO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M),24 h后取小肠组织进行病理检查并测量肠黏膜厚度和绒毛高度.结果 与常规组比较,观察组平均动脉压、心率、呼吸、肠鸣音和腹围差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),对照组与常规组、观察组比较,平均动脉压、肠鸣音差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),致伤后12h和24 h时间点心率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),致伤后24h时间点呼吸差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),致伤后24h时间点腹围差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).内毒素:对照组与常规组、观察组比较,致伤后12 h和24 h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组与对照组、常规组比较,在24h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).D-乳酸:致伤后12 h时间点,常规组与对照组、观察组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);致伤后24 h时间点,常规组与对照组、观察组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).DAO:观察组与对照组、常规组比较,致伤后8h与24 h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TNF-α:观察组与对照组、常规组比较,致伤后12 h与24 h时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).IL-1:致伤后12 h时间点,常规组[(8.71±3.13)ng/L]与对照组[(7.40±2.71)ng/L]、观察组[(6.34±1.83)ng/L]差异均有统计学差异(P＜0.05),观察组和对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);致伤后24 h时间点,观察组[(7.44±3.11)ng/L]与对照组[(9.91±3.18)ng/L]、常规组[(10.12±2.25)ng/L]差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).尿L/M值:观察组(0.10±0.06)与对照组(1.07±0.04)、常规组(1.09±0.09)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病理结果:观察组光镜下肠黏膜可见轻度水肿,与常规组、对照组比较明显减轻;观察组小肠黏膜厚度和绒毛高度与常规组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组与常规组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 谷氨酰胺对腹部外伤后海水浸泡导致的肠功能损伤有明确的治疗作用.     

特布他林对海水浸泡人肺泡上皮细胞钠钾泵及钠通道的影响

目的 探讨特布他林对海水浸泡的人肺泡上皮细胞(A549)钠水转运通道的影响.方法 将常规培养的A549细胞分为海水处理(SG)组、特布他林(20 μmol/L孵育6h)处理(TG)组和阴性对照(NG)组.采用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡和坏死情况,Western blotting法检测钠钾泵α1亚单位(Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase-α1,NKA-α1)、钠通道α亚单位(epithelail sodium channds-α,α-ENaC)的表达,水解比色法检测Na+-K+-ATP酶(Na-/K+-exchanging ATPase,NKA)活性.结果 MTT法及流式细胞仪检测结果均显示,特布他林处理对海水孵育后细胞的存活率无影响.NG组的NKA-α1和α-ENaC蛋白表达显著高于SG组(P＜0.01)和TG组(t=3.71,3.78,P＜0.01),TG组显著高于SG组(t=2.58,2.64;P＜0.05).与NG组NKA酶活性[(31.298±5.779)μmol/(mg·h)]比较,SG组[(14.211±3.885)μmol/(mg·h)]和TG组[(19.521±1.648)μmol/(mg·h)]明显降低(t=2.54,2.71;P＜0.05);TG组的NKA酶活性[(19.521±1.648)μmol/(mg·h)]较SG组升高(t=2.51,P＜0.05).结论 特布他林不影响人肺泡上皮细胞存活,并且可以抑制海水浸泡引起的α-ENaC、NKA-α1含量及NKA活性的下降.     

火器伤合并海水浸泡后的愈合过程观察

目的:建立大鼠肢体火器伤合并海水浸泡模型,观察伤后愈合过程并分析影响愈合因素。方法:利用小型点爆源制造小鼠肢体火器伤模型,随机选取20只雄性Wistar大鼠,分为对照组及实验组,每组10只。制造肢体火器伤模型后对照组不浸泡,实验组伤后海水浸泡30min。观察记录伤后愈合过程,检测愈合过程中愈合时间、伤口面积、体重等指标变化及伤口愈合后的病理形态。结果:实验组伤口愈合时间较对照组晚;伤后相同时间点两组伤口面积存在差异;实验组创后早期显著体重下降,晚期体重平均增加量显著低于对照组;实验组伤口愈合后真皮层及皮下存在特殊病理学变化。结论:与单纯火器伤相比,火器伤合并海水浸泡可导致伤口延迟愈合。     

Alkali-activated concrete mixes with ground granulated blast furnace slag and paper sludge ash in seawater environments

Predicted sea level rise due to global warming will necessitate the construction of coastal defenses to protect the populations in the vicinity of the coasts. Large quantities of concrete will be required with consecutive increases in greenhouse emissions, hence an increasing need for alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) cements. Feasible potential alternatives could be found in alkali-activated cements, which also include industrial by-products or waste materials. This paper presents a laboratory study of concrete mixes based on the alkali-activation of an industrial by-product, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and includes an industrial waste, paper slugde ash (PSA) in the alkali-activator mixes. The use of seawater as mixing and curing water was also examined. The compressive strength and a number of durability-related properties of alkali-activated mixes in marine environment were investigated and compared to OPC systems. The incorporation of paper sludge ash led to high early strengths, a decrease in the effective porosity of alkali-activated slag concretes and generally a reduced water absorption, and enhanced the performance against chloride ion attack in mixes with freshwater, as well as the resistance of the cements in sulphate attack especially when mixed with seawater. The addition of seawater in the mixes increased the resistance to sulphate attack and the compressive strength in alkali-activated systems, as opposed to OPC concretes in which mixing and curing in seawater had deleterious effects. The study gives promise for the suitability of the tested alkali-activated concrete mixes in seawater environments.     

Effects of acute stress on osmoregulation, feed intake, IGF-1, and cortisol in yearling steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during seawater adaptation

Juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to freshwater (FW) were subjected for 3 h to confinement stress in FW, and subsequently saltwater (SW, 25 ppt) was introduced to all tanks. Fish were sampled immediately after the stress treatment, and 1, 7, and 14 days after introduction of SW. Electrolytes, cortisol, glucose, and lactate showed the typical stress response expected after stress treatment in FW. Fish regained osmotic balance within 24 h. Glucose concentrations were increasing throughout the experiment and lactate levels stayed elevated during the time spent in SW. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) did not show an immediate response to stress but after transfer to SW we detected significantly higher concentrations for control fish at days 1 and 14. The differences in IGF-1 levels between stressed and control fish are not reflected in SW adaptability but positive correlations between IGF-1 and electrolyte levels in control fish may indicate its role for osmoregulation. Confinement stress did not impair feed intake subsequently in SW, but our results suggest that feed intake was suppressed by the change of the media from FW to SW.     

海水浴体疗操对老年2型糖尿病患者的心脏康复作用

目的:探讨海水浴体疗操运动对老年2型糖尿病(DM)患者的心脏康复作用。方法:应用本院设计的海水浴体疗操1套,对疗养期间62例老年2型DM患者(DM组)进行4疗程运动治疗。使用超声心动图仪观察患者体疗前、后LAD、EF、FS、E/A指标变化,并与健康老人(对照组)对照;使用常规心电图描记并观察DM组体疗前后的心电图变化。结果:DM组体疗前各指标较对照组有显著差异(P<0.01,P<0.05);体疗后与前对比:LAD缩小,E/A、FS、EF值明显增高,有非常显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。体疗后心电图窦性心律增至66.1％,Petfv1异常率减至24.2％,ST-T异常率减至17.7％,P均<0.01。结论:海水浴体疗操运动对DM患者心脏康复有较好疗效。     

肺腺癌细胞系H114的建立

目的建立国人男性肺腺癌细胞系,为肺癌的防治研究提供理想的体外实验模型。方法以经组织学和／或细胞学确诊的标本进行原代培养,通过光镜观察、细胞苏木精．伊红（HE）染色、细胞生长曲线、异体移植实验及组织HE染色等对其进行分析鉴定,建立细胞系。结果细胞经液氮罐或-80℃低温冰箱反复冻存复苏后仍保持良好的增殖活性,复苏细胞经0．4％胎盘蓝染色,活细胞比率均保持在85％以上。在整个168h的观察时间里,肺腺癌H114细胞始终处于持续增殖状态,可见潜伏期和指数生长期,由于本细胞系传代次数较少,生长活跃,7d还没出现平顶期和退化衰亡期;体外培养细胞生长稳定,细胞形态学及浸润性生长结果表明该细胞系符合恶性细胞特性,裸鼠接种成功致瘤,瘤细胞形态与原患者的病理切片相似,命名为H114细胞系。结论该细胞系符合建系标准,是一株新建的人肺腺癌细胞系。     

海水淹溺致急性肺损伤兔病理学特征的实验观察

目的 新西兰兔海水淹溺致急性肺损伤(seawater drowning induced acute lung injury,SWD-ALI)时的病理学特征.方法 制作SWD-ALI的动物模型,采用半定量分析的方法对其肺组织学分析,以评价其特征.结果 SWD-ALI有不同于临床常见ALI的病理学变化:①病变多见于低垂部位.②组织学变化以肺泡隔断裂、炎细胞浸润最为常见,分布范围最广;其次是肺内出血、肺泡萎陷实变;肺泡及间质水肿相对较轻.结论 SWD-ALI的主要病理学变化为肺泡隔断裂和大量炎细胞浸润.     

腹腔海水浸泡伤战地救治的早期效果观察

目的　观察野战环境战地救治对腹腔海水浸泡伤实验犬生存的影响。方法　杂种犬 15只 ,随机均分为对照组 (A组 )、生理盐水救治组 (B组 )及综合救治组 (C组 ) ,观察每一组腹腔海水浸泡后的存活时间及血浆渗透压、乳酸水平变化。结果　①C组平均存活时间 (5 8h)显著长于A(2 4h)、B(4 1h)两组 (P <0 0 1) ;②腹腔海水浸泡后 1hC组血浆渗透压(36 6 1± 8 4 )mmol/L、乳酸 (8 9± 1 8)mmol/L水平均显著低于A组〔分别为 (374 3± 11 2 )mmol/L、(12 4± 3 1)mmol/L〕(P <0 0 5 ) ,B组乳酸 (10 3± 2 1)mmol/L水平也显著低于A组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;腹腔海水浸泡后 3hC组乳酸 (9 1± 1 7)mmol/L水平显著低于B组 (11 4± 1 9)mmol/L(P <0 0 5 )。结论　腹腔海水浸泡伤战地早期补入低张胶体液及进行腹腔清创有助于缓解机体高渗状态 ,改善机体代谢 ,延长创伤动物生命。     

腹腔开放伤大鼠海水浸泡后肝肾功能变化与胃黏膜损伤的关系

目的探讨腹腔海水浸泡对腹腔开放伤大鼠肝肾功能改变与胃黏膜损伤的关系。方法56只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、单纯腹部开放伤组及腹腔海水浸泡组,后两组又分为1h、2h、3h组,监测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、尿素(Ure)、肌酐(Cr)及胃黏膜溃疡指数(UI)的变化。结果随着海水浸泡时间的延长,腹腔海水浸泡组大鼠胃黏膜UI与ALT、Ure、Cr均明显增高(P<0.05);且与UI存在正相关。结论腹腔海水浸泡可导致大鼠肝肾功能损伤,并与胃黏膜损伤密切相关。