重度联合免疫缺陷小鼠的繁育及其应用初报

应用带过滤罩的透明鼠在层流柜内繁育Ｔ和Ｂ淋巴细胞缺失的重度联合免疫缺陷（ｓｃｉｄ）小鼠获得成功，１９９３年５月至１９９４年４月，共繁育ｓｃｉｄ小鼠２２１只，寿命均超过１２个月。平均每窝产仔数为５．５只，显著低于对照组ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，不育率为１４．９％，离乳率为８８．２％，与ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠相比均无明显差异。ｓｃｉｄ小鼠４～１０周龄的体重与同龄ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠相比无明显差异，微生物学检测均符合ＳＰ     

SPF级实验动物屏障环境设施技术指标的检测及分析

目的:对皖南医学院SPF级实验动物屏障环境设施技术指标进行检测及分析,以确保达到保障实验动物和动物实验质量的目的。方法:以GB14925-2010为检测依据和综合判定原则,选用专业检测仪器进行屏障环境相关指标采集和评判。结果:屏障环境设施各项技术指标,如温度、相对湿度、噪声、工作照度、动物照度、换气次数、气流速度、静压差、空气洁净度、沉降菌、氨浓度等均符合国家标准。结论:皖南医学院SPF级实验动物屏障环境设施可以有力保障实验动物和动物实验的质量,为科学研究提供高品质的实验材料,确保实验结果的科学性、准确性与可重复性。     

Successful reproduction of adenoviral gizzard erosion in 20-week-old SPF layer-type chickens and efficacious prophylaxis due to live vaccination with an apathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 1 strain (CELO)

Recently, outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) have been documented in pullets and layers housed free range and in enriched cage systems characterized by increased mortality and a negative impact on egg production. In the present study the pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) field strain as well as the aetiological role of a FAdV-8a strain, both isolated from AGE affected pullets, were investigated in vivo in 20-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer-type chickens. Furthermore, the efficacy of a single (week 17) and double (week 14 and 17) application of a live vaccine consisting of an apathogenic FAdV-1 (CELO strain) against challenge with virulent FAdV-1 was investigated.For the first time, AGE was successfully reproduced in adult birds after oral infection of 20-week-old SPF birds with a virulent FAdV-1 field isolate, characterized by pathological changes of the gizzard from 7 days post challenge onwards. In addition, a negative impact of the FAdV-1 infection on the development of the reproductive tract was observed. Thus, confirming the pathogenicity and aetiological role of FAdV-1 in the development of AGE and economic losses due to AGE in layers. In contrast, no pathological changes were observed in birds infected with FAdV-8a.Independent of a single or double application of the live FAdV-1 vaccine strain CELO, no gross pathological changes were observed in gizzards post challenge with the virulent FAdV-1, indicating that complete protection of layers against horizontal induction of AGE was achieved. Nonetheless, virulent FAdV-1 was detected in cloacal swabs and gizzards in both vaccinated groups post challenge determined by the application of an amplification refractory mutation system quantitative PCR used to differentiate between vaccine and challenge strains.     

SPF级新西兰兔脏器参数、血液指标、颈动脉血压、心率、心室压的测定与比较

目的 准确测定SPF新西兰兔生物学特性尤其是疾病相关的指标,并进行性别间比较。 方法 取70-80日龄左右SPF新西兰兔30只,饲养一周后,精确称量体重及主要脏器重量;采集动脉血测定血液生理、生化、血气指标;颈动脉插管测定动脉压,呼吸支持情况下进行开胸测定心室压。 结果 雄性与雌性新西兰兔比较： 甲状腺、肾上腺、肝的质量差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;脑、脑垂体、甲状腺的脏器系数差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;甲状腺、肾上腺、肝的脏脑比系数差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白量的差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;谷氨酰转肽酶、淀粉酶的差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;血气分析、心率、颈动脉收缩/舒张压,左心室收缩/舒张压,右心室收缩/舒张压不存在性别间差异。 结论 性别对新西兰兔脏器重量及血液生理生化指标有一定影响,而血气、血压、心率及心室压等不存在性别间差异。     

食蟹猴SPF种群建立过程中病毒抗体的动态监测

目的 调查研究从老挝引种的食蟹猴BV、SRV、SIV和STLV-1四项病毒抗体阳性、可疑的比例,并对SPF种群建立过程中四项病毒的动态变化进行了监测,进而比较普通种群和SPF种群幼猴病毒抗体的阳性率。 方法 采用专用试剂盒对四项病毒进行连续监测并进行比较分析。 结果 引种的1998只食蟹猴,BV抗体阳性比例高达52.35%,可疑比例为8.31%,抗体阴性的比例仅为39.34%;SRV和STLV-1抗体阳性率分别为7.45%和8.56%;未检测出SIV抗体阳性或可疑的食蟹猴。经过筛选后组建的SPF种群,2010年监测的BV、SRV和STLV-1三项病毒抗体阳性率分别为5.24%、1.01%和0.4%,经过连续5年的不断筛选和淘汰,截至2014年年底三种病毒抗体阳性率分别下降至0.82%、0.27%和0.27%,未监测出SIV抗体阳性或可疑的食蟹猴。普通群繁殖幼猴B病毒抗体阳性的比例为9.71%,可疑率为1.85%;而SPF繁殖种群B病毒抗体阳性率仅为0.22%。 结论 连续监测病毒抗体并不断淘汰抗体阳性和可疑的动物对组建SPF食蟹猴种群具有重要的生产意义。     

The recovery of bladder epithelial hyperplasia caused by a melamine diet-induced bladder calculus in mice

Applying a model of bladder epithelial hyperplasia (BEH) caused by melamine-induced bladder calculus (BC), the recovery of BEH after melamine withdrawal was investigated. One experiment, comprising untreated, melamine and recovery groups, was conducted in Balb/c mice. Each group included 4 subgroups. Mice were fed normal-diet in untreated or a melamine-diet in other groups. The melamine-diet was then substituted with normal-diet in recovery group. Both of BC and BEH were observed after 14 and 56 days of melamine-diet. The BC is relatively uniform at the same melamine-diet durations. The BEH was diffuse with many mitotic figures, 4–7 rows of nuclei, and well-defined umbrella/intermediate cells. No marked differences in BEH degree were observed in the two different melamine-diet durations. On 4–42 days after melamine withdrawal, BC was not found, as the progressive regression with complete regression of BEH was observed, along with well-defined ageing/apoptotic cells in the superficial regions of BEH regression tissue. Conclusion, the melamine-induced BEH is relatively uniform, may be self-limiting in rows of nuclei, and can return to normal. Melamine withdrawal duration is critical for the BEH regression. Tissue of the BEH and its regression is ideal for exploring the renewal as well as growth biology of mammalian urothelium.     

1,25(OH)2D3干预糖尿病肾病模型大鼠肾脏组织MicroRNA-130b及转化生长因子β1的变化

文题释义： 1,25(OH)₂D3：维生素D3是胆固醇的衍生物,其活性形式有25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]和1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25(OH)₂D3]两种,其中1,25-二羟维生素D3活性更高。体内的维生素D3无生物活性,它首先在肝脏被25-羟化酶催化为具有一定生物活性的25(OH)D3,然后在肾近端小管1α-羟化酶的催化下生成活性更高的1,25(OH)₂D3,1,25(OH)₂D3在肾脏具有促进肾小管对钙、磷的重吸收,尿钙、磷排出量减少等方面作用。MicroRNA-130b：microRNA(miRNA)是一种内源性小分子RNA,由21-25个核苷酸组成,可通过与靶基因mRNA的3’UTR或者CDS序列配对,促进mRNA的降解或抑制其翻译,从而抑制靶基因的表达,其中MicroRNA-130b与多脏器的多种病变有关,在糖尿病的进程中MicroRNA-130b与早期肾脏损伤具有一定的关系,可能成为糖尿病患者早期肾脏损害以及肾脏损害严重程度的新的生物学标志。 背景：1,25(OH)₂D3在糖尿病肾病的发展过程中发挥着重要调节作用。 目的：探索1,25(OH)₂D3对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏组织MicroRNA-130b及转化生长因子β1表达的影响作用。 方法：实验方案经新疆医科大学动物实验中心动物实验伦理委员会批准。将25只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)₂D3组、糖尿病肾病+花生油组,后2组分别给予骨化三醇(即1,25(OH)₂D3,活性维生素D3) 0.03 μg/(kg • d)治疗、花生油对照处理。37 d后采集标本,以实时聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、Western blot及免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肾脏组织转化生长因子β1的表达;RT-PCR检测MicroRNA-130b的表达;采用苏木精-伊红及Masson染色对大鼠肾脏形态结构及纤维化程度进行分析。 结果与结论：①RT-PCR结果显示,糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)₂D3组及糖尿病肾病+花生油组MicroRNA-130b的表达明显低于正常对照组(P < 0.01),糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)₂D3组明显高于糖尿病肾病+花生油组(P < 0.01);②RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫组织化学及病理结果显示,糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)₂D3组及糖尿病肾病+花生油组转化生长因子β1 mRNA和蛋白的表达、大鼠肾脏组织结构紊乱及纤维化程度明显高于正常对照组(P < 0.01),糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)₂D3组明显低于糖尿病肾病+花生油组(P < 0.01);③结果说明,糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏MicroRNA-130b表达水平下降,转化生长因子β1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平升高,肾脏组织结构紊乱及纤维化程度严重;1,25(OH)₂D3可上调糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏MicroRNA-130b的表达水平,同时还可下调糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子β1的表达水平,改善肾脏组织结构紊乱及纤维化程度。ORCID: 0000-0002-5676-5016(刘玥彤) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Toxicological assessment of a particulate yeast (1,3/1,6)-beta-D-glucan in rats.

This study investigates the toxicity of WGP 3-6, a yeast-derived beta-glucan ingredient, during single-dose acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats. For the acute study, Fisher-344 rats were administered WGP 3-6 via gavage at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and any evidence of toxicity was monitored over a 14-day period. WGP 3-6 was well tolerated, indicating that the LD(50) value is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. For the sub-chronic study, Fisher-344 rats (10/sex/group) were randomly allocated to receive daily gavage treatment with WGP 3-6 at doses of 0, 2, 33.3, or 100 mg/kg body weight. Control and high-dose satellite recovery groups of each sex also were included. Full toxicological monitoring and endpoint investigations were performed throughout and upon completion of the study. No negative effects on animal weights or food consumption attributable to WGP 3-6 were evident at any dose. In addition, no mortality, clinical pathology, functional/behavioral, microscopic, or gross observations indicating toxicity were observed. Sporadic changes in some biochemical and hematological parameters were observed; however, since the effects were within the physiological ranges in historical controls, were not dose-responsive, or were not observed in both sexes, they were determined to be of no toxicological significance. In conclusion, no adverse or toxic effects were observed after subchronic oral administration of 2, 33.3, or 100mg/kg body weight/day of WGP 3-6 in Fisher-344 rats, and therefore, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 100 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested, was determined.     

不同微生物等级控制Wistar大鼠部分生物学特性比较

目的:了解不同微生物控制程度(屏障环境和普通环境)对Wistar大鼠的部分生物学特性的影响。方法:40只SPF级Wistar大鼠分别饲养于屏障环境和普通环境内,每周测量体重,35 d后,测定15项血液学指标、14项血液生化指标和9个脏器的相对重量。结果:屏障环境内的Wistar大鼠体重增长明显快于饲养于普通环境的大鼠,普通环境饲养大鼠的血液RBC、WBC、PCT、PLT、GOT、GGT、GPT、CK、TB值高于屏障环境大鼠(P(0.05),而CHO、LDL-C和HDL-C值低于屏障环境大鼠(P(0.05),各脏器相对重量除肾外未见明显差异;结论:饲养于屏障环境和普通环境的Wistar大鼠在体重增长、血液学和血清生化指标等生物学特性存在显著差异。