变形配准与经验计算剂量累加法用于肺癌放疗计划累加剂量计算的研究

目的 应用变形配准功能评价肺癌患者放疗计划中正常组织和危及器官的累加剂量,并与经验计算剂量累加法进行比较.方法 回顾性分析10例肺癌患者,放疗前制定了三维适形或调强治疗计划,放疗过程中重新行CT模拟,并重新设计相同的治疗计划.采用Mimvista软件,运用变形配准,分别在2次CT图像上进行剂量累加.采用经验计算剂量累加法,计算2次放疗计划的正常组织和危及器官的累加剂量,分别对两种方法的双侧肺组织、心脏及脊髓的受照剂量体积以及平均剂量等参数,进行比较.结果 定位和复位图像采用相同的计划方式时,两种方法所得正常组织和危及器官的累积受照体积和剂量等参数差异无统计学意义,仅右肺的平均剂量除外(t=2.98,P＜0.05).结论 变形配准法可以准确评价肺癌患者多次放疗计划中正常组织和危及器官的累加剂量.肺癌患者的靶区变化不大并且采用相同的计划方式时,应用经验计算剂量累加法,可粗略评价肺和心脏等正常组织和危及器官的剂量体积.     

三维适形、逆向调强和旋转调强放疗技术治疗胸段食管癌的剂量学比较

目的 比较胸段食管癌3种放疗技术( 3D-CRT、IMRT、RapidArc)的剂量学特点,并分析3种技术的优劣及应用特点.方法 15例胸段食管癌患者入组,依据CT图像,勾画靶区,针对患者的同一套CT图像的相同靶区分别制定3D-CRT、5野IMRT(IMRT5)、7野IMRT( IMRT7)、9野IMRT(IMRT9)、单弧Arc( Arc1)、双弧Arc( Arc2)共6套计划.PTV处方剂量为40 Gy分20次4周+19.6 Gy分14次7d.结果 3D-CRT计划各项靶区剂量学参数明显差于IMRT计划及RapidArc计划(t=5.77、3.52,P＜0.05),6套计划的PTV V95(％)分别为:3D-CRT (91.55 ±2.90),IMRT5(96.66±1.05),IMRT7 (96.87±1.23),IMRT (96.81±1.16),Arcl (94.98±1.41),Arc2 (95.93±1.32).RapidArc计划的靶区适形度(CI)最好(t=3.76,10.01,P＜0.05),IMRT计划的靶区均匀性(HI)最好(t =3.93、3.37,P＜0.05).危及器官参数RapidArc与IMRT各计划之间差异无统计学意义.3D-CRT和RapidArc计划的机器跳数明显少于IMRT计划,差异高达75％.结论 对于胸段食管癌患者,采用IMRT或RapidArc技术可以在保护正常组织的同时,涵盖临床必需的治疗靶区.3D-CRT计划对降低正常组织低剂量散射区方面优势明显.RapidArc计划靶区剂量学参数与IMRT计划比较未见明显优势.     

CBCT在非小细胞肺癌精确放疗中的应用

目的 探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)精确放疗中的应用价值.方法 应用安装在直线加速器上的CBCT对患者实施治疗前的扫描,根据CBCT图像,测量其运动范围,确定个体化的肉眼肿瘤区(GTV)至计划靶区(PTV)的外放边界.结果 通过使用CBCT,考虑肿瘤运动幅度,会造成GTY平均增加30.4 cm3,平均百分数为115.8%;而PTN平均减少40.2 cm3,平均百分数为39.4%.结论 利用CBCT图像,可以减小GTV外放边界,减少正常肺组织受照剂量,降低放射性肺损伤指标V20、Dmea和脊髓最大受量,从而降低正常肺组织和脊髓的放射性损伤发生率.     

旋转调强与固定野逆向调强放疗在颅脑多发转移瘤中的剂量学比较研究

Objective To evaluate the performace of fixed field Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and RapidArc in the radiotherapy for multiple intracranial metastases.Methods The clinical data of 10 patients with multiple intracranial metastases,8 male and 2 female,aged 65-73,were used to design 3 plans:fixed field IMRT,RapidArc with single Arc (RA1),and RapidArc with double Arc (Arc 2).Dose-volume-histogram analysis was used to compare dose results,monitor unit,and delivery time.Results All 3 plans met the clinical requirements.The best target conformity and homogeneity were observed in the RA2 plan (Z = -2.803,- 2.904,P ＜ 0.05) and there were no statistical differences between the IMRT plan and RA1 plan.The maximum doses to the lens,eyes,and brainstem of the two RapidArc plans were all significantly lower than those of the IMRT plan(Z = -2.803--2.191 ,P ＜0.05),and the maximum dose to the optic nerves of the RA2 plan was significantly lower than that of the IMRT plan (Z = -2.293,-2.701 ,P ＜0.05).Compared with the IMRT plan,the average monitor units of the RA1 and RA2 plans were reduced by 29% and 24%,respectively,and the delivery time of these plans were significantly shorter by 84% and 69%,respectively.Conclusions Compared to the IMRT plan,RapidArc plans with single or double Arcs show similar or better effects in the target dose distribution,reduction of irradiation doses on organs at risk and,moreover,significant decrease of the monitor units and delivery time.     

旋转调强与固定野调强治疗肝癌的剂量学比较

目的 比较旋转调强(RapidArc)与固定野调强放疗(IMRT)在肝癌治疗计划中的剂量学差异。方法 选择10例肝癌患者的CT数据,分别设计IMRT计划与单弧(RA1)和双弧(RA2)计划,比较设计计划的靶区剂量分布、危及器官受量、正常组织受量、机器跳数以及治疗时间。结果 RA1和RA2计划靶区剂量的最大值都低于IMRT(Z=-2.090、-2.666,P＜0.05),计划90%的处方剂量的适形指数低于IMRT(Z=-2.805、-2.809,P＜0.05);危及器官胃与小肠的V40也比IMRT计划低。但IMRT左肾平均剂量低于RapidArc计划组(Z=-1.988、-2.191,P＜0.05);正常组织的V₅、V₁₀和V₁₅IMRT计划低于RapidArc计划组,V20、V25和V30IMRT计划高于RapidArc计划组。RapidArc计划机器跳数是IMRT计划的40%和46%,治疗时间是IMRT计划30%和40%。结论 两种技术设计的计划剂量分布均能满足临床要求,并且剂量分布基本一致。RapidArc计划的适形指数优于IMRT,危及器官剂量也比IMRT计划略有降低,正常组织的低剂量区RapidArc计划组与IMRT相比有先高后低的趋势,并且机器跳数少,治疗时间短。     

基于Halcyon和Trilogy固定野调强计划质量和执行效率应用研究

目的 基于Halcyon和Trilogy加速器的IMRT计划质量和执行效率差异分析研究。方法 回顾分析基于Trilogy 平台治疗完成的12例宫颈癌IMRT计划,将靶区和危及器官导入Eclipse 15.1版本计划系统,重新设计基于Halcyon治疗平台的IMRT计划,比较两种计划靶区和危及器官受量、机器跳数、执行时间、子野面积差异以及Halcyon计划中近源端叶片与远源端叶片的子野面积差异。结果 Halcyon平台计划能够满足临床要求,靶区各剂量指标与Trilogy平台计划相近。Halcyon计划中膀胱、直肠V30、Dmean,左侧股骨头V20、Dmean均低于Trilogy平台的IMRT计划(P=0.001~0.043)。Halcyon、Trilogy计划的机器跳数分别为(2 316.7±209.7)、(1 692.5±259.5) MU (P=0.000)。Halcyon、Trilogy计划执行时间分别为(3.01±0.28)、(12.38±1.49) min (P=0.000)。Halcyon 近源端、远源端子野面积和Trilogy子野面积分别为(43.7±32.5) cm²、(28.8±25.4) cm²和(25.7±16.8) cm²,Halcyon 近源端子野与对应远源端子野面积比1.73±0.43,范围为0.71~6.28。结论 Halcyon治疗平台能够满足临床要求,降低部分正常组织受量,执行效率更高,计划设计时应考虑近源端叶片与远源端叶片子野面积比。     

全盆腔淋巴结调强放疗和容积调强弧形治疗的剂量学研究

调强放疗(intensity-modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)和容积调强弧形治疗(volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy,VIMAT)的高适形度剂量分布,使其对复杂靶区具有显著优势^\[1-2\]。本研究通过计划方式和射线能量间的剂量学比较,探讨宫颈癌术后全盆腔淋巴结IMRT最佳方案。     

SPECT肺灌注与CT异机融合图像评价非小细胞肺癌肺功能的价值

objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of fusion SPECT perfusion and CT images acquired separately at 2 time-points in evaluating regional lung function of patients with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Thirty-two patients with untreated stage Ⅲ NSCLC underwent pulmonary function test(PFT),CT and SPECT imaging.Two series of images were registered by software fusion based on external markers by Philips Pinnacle3 planning treatment system.The SPECT/CT fu sion images were graded by comparing lung perfusion defect with the area of radiological abnormality.Grade O:no lung perfusion defect in the area of radiological abnormality.Grade 1:the area of lung perfusion defect was similar to the size of radiological abnormality.Grade 2:the area of lung perfusion defect was bigger than that of radiological abnormality.and extended to 1 pulmonary lobe.Grade 3:the area of lung perfusion defect exceeded 1 pulmonary lobe.Statistically significant difference was evaluated by Pearson X2-test using SPSS 13.0 software.Results In 32 patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC,31 patients had lung perfusion defects.There were 13 patients with grade 1,8 with grade 2,10 with grade 3.There was statistically significant difference between central lung cancer and peripheral lung cancer(X2=10.495,P＜0.05);8 patients had PFT abnormality.There was also statistically significant difference between the positive rate of SPECT/CT fusion images and PFT[96.9%(31/32)vs 25.0%(8/32),X2=34.724,P＜0.05].Conclusion The fusion of SPECT lung perfusion and CT images acquired separately at 2 different time-points is a feasible technique for assessing the regional lung function of patients with stageⅢNSCLC,thereby offering more information for surgical planning,prediction of postoperative lung function and optimization of radiation treatment plans.     

SPECT肺灌注显像在减轻非小细胞肺癌放射性肺损伤中的前瞻性研究

放射治疗是局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lungcaneer,NSCLC)重要的治疗手段,但治疗效果并不理想.Ⅲ期NSC[c单纯放疗的5年生存率仅5%左右,与化疗结合后5年生存率有所提高,但治愈率仍相当差,且绝大部分失败发生在照射野内.研究发现肺癌肿瘤局部控制率和生存率的提高与放疗剂量的增加密切相关[1],但是随着肿瘤放疗剂量的增加,必然增加放射性肺损伤的发生率和严重程度.SPECT(single photon emi～ion computed tomography,单光子发射断层扫描)肺灌注显像能反映区域肺组织的功能状况变化,可用于放疗计划的优化.本研究探讨SPECT肺灌注显像在减轻Ⅲ期NSCLC患者放射性肺损伤及其在放疗剂量提升方面的临床价值.