针灸对海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织多巴胺、5-羟色胺的影响

目的探讨针灸干预海洛因复吸的作用机制。方法采用间断性递增量肌肉注射海洛因的方法复制海洛因复吸大鼠模型,观察针灸对海洛因复吸大鼠条件性位置偏爱（conditional position preference,CPP）的行为学改变及脑组织多巴胺（dopamine,DA）、5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）含量变化的影响。结果针灸能防止海洛因复吸大鼠体质量的下降（P〈0.01）,显著延长海洛因复吸大鼠在暗箱的停留时间（P〈0.01）,显著降低海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织DA和5-HT含量（P〈0.01）。结论抑制脑组织DA、5-HT的释放,降低对海洛因用药行为有关环境的依赖行为,可能是针灸干预海洛因复吸的作用机制之一。     

Effect of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage via regulating ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

Objective

To observe the effect of acupuncture in regulating ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), and discuss the action of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage.

Methods

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a control group, a model group and an acupuncture group by using the random number table. Rats in the model and acupuncture groups received intramuscular heroin injection for successive 8 d at a progressively increased dose. Afterwards, the injection was suspended for 5 d for withdrawal. The heroin relapse rat model was established by repeating the drug addiction and withdrawal process for 3 times. The control group followed the step of the model establishment, but was given intramuscular injection of normal saline at the stage of addiction and no intervention at the stage of withdrawal; the model group was given intramuscular heroin injection at a progressively increased dose at the addiction stage and no intervention at the withdrawal stage; the acupuncture group was dealt in the same way as the model group at the addiction stage, but received acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) at the withdrawal stage, with the needles retained for 30 min each time, 1 session a day, for successive 5 d. On the 39th day, brain tissues were extracted from the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the three groups of rats. The apoptosis of brain nerve cells was detected by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL). The mRNA and protein expressions of ubiquitin (Ub), ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) and 26S were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results

Compared with the model group, rat’s hippocampus and VTA in the acupuncture group showed significantly fewer cells positively stained by TUNEL staining (P<0.01), and its mRNA and protein expressions of Ub, E3, 26S were significantly lower (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Reducing nerve cell apoptosis and regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of Ub, E3 and 26S in rat’s hippocampus and VTA are possibly one of the action mechanisms of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage.

     

针刺通过调节神经营养因子修复神经损伤研究进展

正神经损伤后的再生修复要依赖于适宜的神经微环境,其中神经营养因子(neurotrophic factors,NTFs)的存在尤为重要,因为它有助于神经环路的重建与行为功能障碍的改善。NTFs是一类对神经细胞的发育、存活和凋亡起重要作用的蛋白质,通常在神经末梢以受体介导入胞的方式进入神经末梢,再经逆向轴浆运输抵达胞体,促进胞体合成有关的蛋白质,从而发挥其支持神经细胞生长、发育和功能     

针刺对海洛因复吸大鼠脑神经元超微结构变化的影响

目的:观察针刺对海洛因复吸大鼠脑神经元超微结构变化的影响,探讨针刺对其的保护作用。方法:Wistar大鼠32只随机分为盐水对照组、海洛因成瘾组、海洛因成瘾+美沙酮组和海洛因成瘾+针刺组。递增量肌肉注射海洛因8 d,按染毒(成瘾)→脱毒的方法,反复3个阶段,建立海洛因复吸大鼠模型。海洛因成瘾+美沙酮组在脱毒期给予美沙酮灌胃治疗;海洛因成瘾+针刺组在脱毒期给予针刺治疗(针刺百会穴)。于实验d39取材并运用透射电镜观察脑VTA、NAc神经元超微结构。结果:电镜观察盐水对照组视野可见各成分清晰,粗面内质网、核糖体、细胞核、核膜等结构基本正常;海洛因成瘾组、海洛因成瘾+针刺组和海洛因成瘾+美沙酮组视野可见VTA、NAc神经元变性、肿胀凋亡等超微结构改变;海洛因成瘾+针刺组相对于海洛因成瘾组、海洛因成瘾+美沙酮组损伤程度有所减轻,粗面内质网、核糖体数目相对增多。结论:针刺对海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织的损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

五禽戏功法对戒毒人员情志的影响

目的 观察五禽戏功法对戒毒人员焦虑抑郁状态和睡眠障碍的调节作用。方法 将200例女性毒品成瘾者分为对照组和练习组,对照组不参加讲座学习和五禽戏健身运动,练习组参与5个月的五禽戏健身运动。练习前后分别采用焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale, SAS）、抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale, SDS）评价患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI）评价患者的睡眠状况。结果 与练习前比较,对照组SAS、SDS和PSQI评分均无明显变化（P>0.05）,练习组SAS、SDS和PSQI评分均显著降低（P<0.05）;练习组在改善SAS、SDS和PSQI分级方面均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 五禽戏功法对戒毒人员的异常情志和睡眠质量有明显的改善作用。     

近10年针灸戒毒研究概况

回顾近10年针灸改善戒断症状、干预心理渴求防复吸以及针灸戒毒作用机制的研究,在此基础上分析总结针灸戒毒康复的疗效及其可能机制。围绕针灸抗稽延性戒断症状、防复吸、针刺戒毒机制的切入点3个方面,思考展望今后针灸戒毒康复研究的发展趋势和应用前景,提出今后要努力探索针灸干预心理渴求的临床观察及针刺影响认知行为,阻断与药物成瘾有关的学习和记忆过程的机制,进一步发挥针灸在抗药物成瘾方面的优势。     

针刺对海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织GRP78和CRT表达的影响〖

目的观察针刺百会、大椎穴对海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulated protein 78,GRP78)和钙网织蛋白(calreticulin,CRT)的影响,探讨针刺干预海洛因脑损伤的机制。方法将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、依赖组、模型组、针刺组和药物组,每组8只。按重复3次"染毒→戒断"的方法复制海洛因复吸大鼠模型。于实验第46天取各组大鼠海马、中脑腹侧被盖区(ventral tegmental area,VTA)脑组织,分别运用荧光RT-PCR和Western blot法,观察各组大鼠海马和VTA区GRP78和CRT蛋白及其mRNA表达水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组和依赖组大鼠海马和VTA中CRT、GRP78蛋白及其mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,针刺组大鼠海马和VTA中CRT、GRP78蛋白及其mRNA表达水平显著增高(P<0.05);针刺组与药物组比较,仅海马CRT mRNA表达水平的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针刺干预海洛因脑损伤的机制与其上调海马和VTA中CRT、GRP78的表达水平有关。     

中医药治疗稽延性戒断症状的研究概况

海洛因成瘾脱毒后,高达90%以上的复吸率一直是困扰人们的重大难题,如何防治复吸已成为广泛关注的热点.导致复吸的原因很多,但海洛因稽延性戒断症状是导致复吸的主要原因之一[1-6 ].近年来,中医针灸治疗海洛因稽延性戒断症状的临床研究,已经陆续开展.相关研究结果提示:通过针灸、中药治疗,在减轻稽延性戒断症状,改善心理依赖,促进康复,降低复吸因素等方面,具有一定的潜力和应用前景.兹就中西医对海洛因稽延性戒断症状的认识、中药和针灸治疗稽延性戒断症状的临床研究等方面进展情况,综述如下.……     

针灸学治疗各论教学中运用SP的教学设计的探讨

针灸学治疗各论是针灸学课程的重要组成部分,文章结合教学实践,拟在非针灸专业学生针灸学各论教学中运用SP的教学设计,加强学生对针灸诊疗过程的体验,通过与标准化病人的接触,加强学生的实践动手能力和中医辨证思维,期望能提高针灸学的教学质量。