心房颤动射频消融术后心包积液的处理及危险因素分析

目的 探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者导管射频消融术后发生心包积液的处理并分析其相关危险因素.方法 156例房颤患者[男108例,女48例,阵发性房颤114例,平均年龄(57.6±11.3)岁]在三维标测系统及环状标测电极导管指导下行射频消融治疗[包括环肺静脉电隔离、线性消融及(或)碎裂电位消融],记录消融过程、部位、时间等因素,对术后证实出现心包积液的患者根据不同情况(心脏压塞或单纯心包积液)进行不同处理,并门诊随访心脏超声等.对可能影响术后出现单纯心包积液的因素进行分析.结果 所有156例患者均完成肺静脉电隔离,共有16例(10.3%)出现心包积液,其中1例(0.6%)术后即刻出现心脏压塞,予心包穿刺后开胸探查抢救好转,随访18个月无特殊;另15例(9.6%)术后出现少量心包积液但无心脏压塞表现(单纯心包积液组),经保守治疗后好转,其中6例患者的心包积液在术后3个月消失,而另外9例则在术后6个月消失.单因素分析发现,单纯心包积液组与无心包积液组在性别组成(P<0.01)、有无行冠状静脉窦消融(P=0.026)、有无行碎裂电位消融(P=0.037)、有无行上腔静脉消融(P=0.041)等方面差异有统计学意义.Logistic多因素回归分析发现,女性[B=3.594,exp(b)=36.4,95%CI:4.2-312.1,P=0.001]、行冠状静脉窦消融[B=2.419,exp(b)=11.2,95%CI:1.0～124.6,P=0.049]是术后出现单纯心包积液的独立危险因素.结论 房颤射频消融术后心包积液的发生率较高,但绝大部分并不出现心脏压塞,可经保守治疗得到改善,而不需要进一步有创治疗.女性及行冠状静脉窦消融是术后出现单纯心包积液的独立危险因素,房颤射频消融时应谨慎对待该部位的消融,以减少术后心包积液的发生.     

持续性心房颤动射频消融术中不同抗凝方案与围术期血栓事件的关系

Objective The relationships between different anticoagulation methods during radiofre-quency catheter ablation(RFCA) of persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (AF)and thromboembolic events in our center were evaluated. Methods From July 2004 to October 2007, RFCA was consecutively performed in 145 persistent/permanent AF patients. Anticoagulation with warfarin was administrated in all patients before op-eration for at least 1 month, with the international normalized ratio(INR) maintained between 2.0 and 3.0. Be-fore procedure,warfarin was discontinued and replaced by low molecular weight heparin(LMWH). After atrial septum puncture,a total of 5000 U tmfractioned heparin(UFH) were given to patients of group Ⅰ who under-went the ablation from July 2004 to January 2006,while patients of group Ⅱ who underwent the ablation from February 2006 to October 2007 were heparinized(100 U/Kg) according to their weights. During operation, 1000 U UFH was appended per hour. After procedure, LMWH was used for 3 days while warfarin was initiated at the same time and continued for at least 3 months. Results Four patients in group Ⅰ (64 patients ,51 men)experi-enced thrombosis or embolism during or after ablation. One female persistent AF patient in the group Ⅱ (81 pa-tients,67 men)who didn' t fulfill the anticoagulatian therapy experienced TIA after ablation. No thrombeembolic event was identified in other patients of group Ⅱ who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy. The incidence of thromboembolic event of persistent/permanent AF patients who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy in the group Ⅱwas lower than that of group Ⅰ (4/64 vs. 0/80, P = 0.037). Conclusions Strengthen the anticoagulation therapy according to patients' weights during radiofrequency ablation could significantly decrease the incidence of thromboembolic event in patients with persistent/permanent AF.     

房颤、房扑危害大吗

心脏犹如维持人体正常运转的泵,每次跳动能够将回流至心脏的血液泵向全身,为各种器官和组织提供氧气和营养物质。正常情况下,心脏的跳动是有规律的,这种节律源于窦房结规律的电活动：有规律的电活动顺序激动心房和心室,保证了心脏协调一致地跳动。     

八年制医学生心内科学临床见习带教中的辩证法

本文探讨了辩证法在八年制医学生心内科学临床见习带教中的具体应用.问卷调查结果显示,辩证法的应用有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,同时有助于培养学生的自我教育和自我发展能力,养成其在今后临床工作中的正确诊疗思维和习惯.     

血管内超声对急性冠状动脉综合征的认识

斑块破裂基础上血栓形成是急性冠状动脉(冠脉)综合征发生的主要病理机制。血管内超声在心导管室中应用越来越广泛,它能够在体观察斑块组成以及识别血栓和斑块破裂,有助于加深对急性冠脉综合征的认识。但是,心血管事件发生之前常常没有先兆症状,如果我们能够在急性冠脉事件发生之前检出易损斑块,并进行临床干预使之稳定,不良心血管事件的发生将大大减少。血管内超声下,含有无回声区脂质软斑块、薄纤维帽和正性重构被认为斑块易损的标志。当然,我们不仅要关注于局部病变性质的判断和处理,而且要着眼于整个冠状动脉和相关的系统因素。     

持续性心房颤动射频消融术中不同抗凝方案与围术期血栓事件的关系

Objective The relationships between different anticoagulation methods during radiofre-quency catheter ablation(RFCA) of persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (AF)and thromboembolic events in our center were evaluated. Methods From July 2004 to October 2007, RFCA was consecutively performed in 145 persistent/permanent AF patients. Anticoagulation with warfarin was administrated in all patients before op-eration for at least 1 month, with the international normalized ratio(INR) maintained between 2.0 and 3.0. Be-fore procedure,warfarin was discontinued and replaced by low molecular weight heparin(LMWH). After atrial septum puncture,a total of 5000 U tmfractioned heparin(UFH) were given to patients of group Ⅰ who under-went the ablation from July 2004 to January 2006,while patients of group Ⅱ who underwent the ablation from February 2006 to October 2007 were heparinized(100 U/Kg) according to their weights. During operation, 1000 U UFH was appended per hour. After procedure, LMWH was used for 3 days while warfarin was initiated at the same time and continued for at least 3 months. Results Four patients in group Ⅰ (64 patients ,51 men)experi-enced thrombosis or embolism during or after ablation. One female persistent AF patient in the group Ⅱ (81 pa-tients,67 men)who didn' t fulfill the anticoagulatian therapy experienced TIA after ablation. No thrombeembolic event was identified in other patients of group Ⅱ who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy. The incidence of thromboembolic event of persistent/permanent AF patients who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy in the group Ⅱwas lower than that of group Ⅰ (4/64 vs. 0/80, P = 0.037). Conclusions Strengthen the anticoagulation therapy according to patients' weights during radiofrequency ablation could significantly decrease the incidence of thromboembolic event in patients with persistent/permanent AF.     

持续性心房颤动射频消融术中不同抗凝方案与围术期血栓事件的关系

Objective The relationships between different anticoagulation methods during radiofre-quency catheter ablation(RFCA) of persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (AF)and thromboembolic events in our center were evaluated. Methods From July 2004 to October 2007, RFCA was consecutively performed in 145 persistent/permanent AF patients. Anticoagulation with warfarin was administrated in all patients before op-eration for at least 1 month, with the international normalized ratio(INR) maintained between 2.0 and 3.0. Be-fore procedure,warfarin was discontinued and replaced by low molecular weight heparin(LMWH). After atrial septum puncture,a total of 5000 U tmfractioned heparin(UFH) were given to patients of group Ⅰ who under-went the ablation from July 2004 to January 2006,while patients of group Ⅱ who underwent the ablation from February 2006 to October 2007 were heparinized(100 U/Kg) according to their weights. During operation, 1000 U UFH was appended per hour. After procedure, LMWH was used for 3 days while warfarin was initiated at the same time and continued for at least 3 months. Results Four patients in group Ⅰ (64 patients ,51 men)experi-enced thrombosis or embolism during or after ablation. One female persistent AF patient in the group Ⅱ (81 pa-tients,67 men)who didn' t fulfill the anticoagulatian therapy experienced TIA after ablation. No thrombeembolic event was identified in other patients of group Ⅱ who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy. The incidence of thromboembolic event of persistent/permanent AF patients who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy in the group Ⅱwas lower than that of group Ⅰ (4/64 vs. 0/80, P = 0.037). Conclusions Strengthen the anticoagulation therapy according to patients' weights during radiofrequency ablation could significantly decrease the incidence of thromboembolic event in patients with persistent/permanent AF.     

持续性心房颤动射频消融术中不同抗凝方案与围术期血栓事件的关系

Objective The relationships between different anticoagulation methods during radiofre-quency catheter ablation(RFCA) of persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (AF)and thromboembolic events in our center were evaluated. Methods From July 2004 to October 2007, RFCA was consecutively performed in 145 persistent/permanent AF patients. Anticoagulation with warfarin was administrated in all patients before op-eration for at least 1 month, with the international normalized ratio(INR) maintained between 2.0 and 3.0. Be-fore procedure,warfarin was discontinued and replaced by low molecular weight heparin(LMWH). After atrial septum puncture,a total of 5000 U tmfractioned heparin(UFH) were given to patients of group Ⅰ who under-went the ablation from July 2004 to January 2006,while patients of group Ⅱ who underwent the ablation from February 2006 to October 2007 were heparinized(100 U/Kg) according to their weights. During operation, 1000 U UFH was appended per hour. After procedure, LMWH was used for 3 days while warfarin was initiated at the same time and continued for at least 3 months. Results Four patients in group Ⅰ (64 patients ,51 men)experi-enced thrombosis or embolism during or after ablation. One female persistent AF patient in the group Ⅱ (81 pa-tients,67 men)who didn' t fulfill the anticoagulatian therapy experienced TIA after ablation. No thrombeembolic event was identified in other patients of group Ⅱ who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy. The incidence of thromboembolic event of persistent/permanent AF patients who fulfilled the anticoagulation therapy in the group Ⅱwas lower than that of group Ⅰ (4/64 vs. 0/80, P = 0.037). Conclusions Strengthen the anticoagulation therapy according to patients' weights during radiofrequency ablation could significantly decrease the incidence of thromboembolic event in patients with persistent/permanent AF.     

以问题为基础学习在内科学实习教学中的实践与评估

目的 在内科学实习教学中实施以问题为基础学习(problem-based learning,PBL)并评估其教学效果.方法 选择复旦大学2005级八年制临床医学专业59名实习生为研究对象,将其分为PBL组和非PBL组.PBL组进行为期6周、2个病例的教学,通过问卷调查了解该组学生在PBL教学前后的自我评价、学生对PBL课程和教师的评价以及教师对学生的评价.比较PBL组和非PBL组学生的实习成绩.结果 PBL组学生对于PBL教学持欢迎态度.从学生的自我评价来看,八年制实习生拥有较好的自我学习和协作实践能力,能够做好PBL的准备工作,主动参与PBL教学.学生对PBL教学的总体满意度为100%.他们认为,PBL教学能够提高其诊断与鉴别诊断的能力以及加深其对治疗的理解,指导教师能够引导学生自行寻找答案并进行表达.指导教师认为,学生临床推理等能力有待进一步提高.PBL组和非PBL组学生内科学实习总成绩差异无统计学意义.结论 PBL组学生对PBL教学有着较高的满意度,选择合适的临床问题、培养学生的临床思维、加深学生对疾病的理解是PBL教学的重点.     

血栓弹力图在普通外科围手术期静脉血栓栓塞症防治中应用及价值

尽管静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是外科手术病人可防控的潜在并发症和致死的主要原因,但临床对其认识仍不充分,也缺乏特异性的识别工具,对机械预防和药物预防的反应也很小。因此,迫切需要特异性更好的工具来评估VTE的风险。此外,监测抗栓药物疗效以达到最优效果也是必须的。或许,血栓弹力图能够提供一些帮助。