5公斤以下婴幼儿先天性心脏病的体外循环管理

方法总结我院自2007年1月至2008年12月5kg以下133例低体重婴幼儿先心病的体外循环（ECC）管理。结果 ECC时间13～382（55.72）min,主动脉阻断时间0～135（34.07）min,术后死亡3例,与ECC无直接关系。结论合理的预充,足够的流量灌注,行常规超滤和改良超滤,重视机体各脏器的保护,是5 kg以下婴幼儿ECC管理的确切有效方法。     

百草枯中毒18例的护理

百草枯（paraquat,PQ）又名克无踪,为农作物杂草的除草剂,易溶于水、有腐蚀性、毒性强、除草效果佳。近年来在农村应用广泛,随着百草枯的使用日益增多,中毒病例时有发生,且呈增多趋势,我院1997年4月—2001年10月收治了18例PQ中毒患者,深感综合护理在整个救治过程中的重要,     

急性有机磷农药中毒并发中间型综合征所致后期呼吸衰竭32例临？…

目的：探讨应用呼吸机和大剂量氯磷定突击疗法对经口有机磷中毒并发中间型综合征所致后期呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法：回顾性分析３２例患者的临床表现，血清胆碱酯酶活力，血气指标的存活率。结果：３２例患者经一般治疗无效，很快全部出现胆碱能危象，血清胆碱脂酶活力下降，肌无力和呼吸衰竭，应用呼吸机和大剂量氯磷定突击疗法，完全治愈３０例，治愈率９３．７５％，死亡２例，占６．２５％。     

急性有机磷农药中毒并发中间型综合征32例临床分析

有机磷农药中毒在发生急性胆碱能危象（１０分钟～２小时）之后至迟发性多发性神经病变（２～３周）之前这段时间里，患者可出现突然死亡。其中部分是由于肌无力（主要是颈肌、上肢肌、呼吸肌及颅神经支配的肌肉瘫痪）引起的呼吸衰竭即中间型综合征。现将我院所遇３２例患...     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

主动脉弓中断合并心内畸形一期矫治的体外循环体会

目的总结主动脉弓中断矫治手术的体外循环体会。方法7例主动脉弓中断患儿施行一期矫治手术,均采用与常规单一升主动脉插管灌注的不同方法,即升主动脉和主肺动脉同时插管,双管灌注。3例采用深低温停循环,4例采用深低温低流量技术。体外循环中行上、下肢有创测压和持续静脉血氧饱和度的监测。结果6例患儿痊愈出院,1例死于术后低心排。结论深低温停循环或深低温低流量,升主动脉和主肺动脉双管灌注,是主动脉弓中断矫治手术较为理想的体外循环方法。     

149例婴幼儿法洛四联症的外科治疗

1990年7月至2002年12月，我们共为149例3周岁以下婴幼儿施行法洛四联症(TOF)矫治手术。现报道如下。     

250例小儿体外循环心内直视手术后的监护体会

本文对250例小儿体外循环心内直视手术后的监护情况作了介绍。强调良好的监护是外科手术治疗成功的关键之一。并对循环、呼吸、水与电解质平衡,少尿及肾功能不全等四个问题作了重点讨论。     

动脉导管未闭合并心内畸形的外科治疗——附125例分析

目的 :分析儿童动脉导管未闭 (PDA)合并心内畸形治疗的效果及其影响因素。方法 :对PDA合并心内畸形患儿 12 5例 ,其中并发重度肺动脉高压 (PH) 3 3例。按病情分同期根治和分期手术两组。结果 :分期手术组 3 1例结扎PDA ,术后 0 .5～ 2年有 17例行心内手术 ,死亡 2例 ;同期根治组 94例行心内直视手术 ,围术期死亡 7例 ,远期死亡2例。总死亡率 8.8% (11/12 5 ) ,期中合并重度PH死亡率 18.2 % (6/3 3 ) ;手术死亡率与病种、年龄、体重、PH程度等明显相关。结论 :根据病情选择适当的术式、把握手术时机、避免严重PH是手术成功的最重要因素。