老年鼻出血内镜下射频治疗及心理干预

老年鼻出血病因复杂,除局部原因外,常伴有全身因素,如高血压、动脉硬化等循环系统疾病,导致出血量多,不容易止住,严重可危及生命.如何快速、高效施治,防范并发症,需根据老年人心理、生理特点,因人而异.我院2005年1月～2010年6月,对32例老年鼻出血患者,在内镜下低温射频治疗及心理干预,取得较满意效果.现报告如下.     

5公斤以下婴幼儿先天性心脏病的体外循环管理

方法总结我院自2007年1月至2008年12月5kg以下133例低体重婴幼儿先心病的体外循环（ECC）管理。结果 ECC时间13～382（55.72）min,主动脉阻断时间0～135（34.07）min,术后死亡3例,与ECC无直接关系。结论合理的预充,足够的流量灌注,行常规超滤和改良超滤,重视机体各脏器的保护,是5 kg以下婴幼儿ECC管理的确切有效方法。     

小儿心血管手术后肺不张的处理

7例小儿心血管手术后并发严重肺不张。男3例,女4例,年龄2～8岁。VSD3例、PDA4例,均于术后2～3日出现症状,经胸片确诊。先采用背部按摩轻拍、吸痰和湿热雾化、氧吸入等措施治疗无效。改用气管内注入小量生理盐水,多次湿润和反复吸引,全部治愈。     

小儿动脉导管未闭手术的麻醉处理

我院自1982～1988年共施行动脉导管未闭手术106例。我们采用常温下全凭静脉麻醉和静吸互补麻醉,硝普钠降压的方法获得了满意的麻醉效果。现就我们的麻醉体会介绍如下。     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

主动脉弓中断合并心内畸形一期矫治的体外循环体会

目的总结主动脉弓中断矫治手术的体外循环体会。方法7例主动脉弓中断患儿施行一期矫治手术,均采用与常规单一升主动脉插管灌注的不同方法,即升主动脉和主肺动脉同时插管,双管灌注。3例采用深低温停循环,4例采用深低温低流量技术。体外循环中行上、下肢有创测压和持续静脉血氧饱和度的监测。结果6例患儿痊愈出院,1例死于术后低心排。结论深低温停循环或深低温低流量,升主动脉和主肺动脉双管灌注,是主动脉弓中断矫治手术较为理想的体外循环方法。     

脉冲式一氧化氮吸入流量控制仪的实验研究及临床应用

设计了脉冲式NO吸入流量控制仪 ,对其工作原理进行了探讨 ,并进行了物理性能检测、动物实验及临床应用研究。物理性能检测结果表明 ,在不同压力下及不同释放量下NO实际释放量与理论释放量非常接近(p>0.05) ,均无统计学差异 ,能够达到临床应用要求。动物实验结果表明 ,吸入NO浓度与理论浓度相比偏低 ,但差异不显著(p>0.05)。16例PH病人吸入NO后平均PVR从617±51.3dyn.s.cm -5降至417±36.9dyn.s.cm -5(p<0.01) ,PAP从吸入NO前的54.4±13.1mmHg 降至33.8±12.3mmHg(p>0.01) ,但停止吸入NO后较短时间即回到基线。脉冲式NO吸入流量控制仪设计符合要求 ,可以被广泛地应用于临床及实验研究 ,从而为临床又提供了一个新的治疗途径。     

身心健康就是最大的财富

我今年72岁,退休前因工作繁忙、劳累,加上平时不注意健康饮食、饮酒过度,一度患上了心脏病。2006年秋季,由于饮酒过量,引发心房颤动,摔倒在地,继而引发脑出血,虽经及时抢救,没有造成伤残,但造成事后身体抵抗力下降。后来,我开始订阅《健康指南》等报刊,还经常参加健康科普讲座,增加了我的养生知识,受益匪浅。我将这些知识运用到日常生活中后,我的心情也变开朗了,身体也随着变好了,小病也消失了。     

小婴儿心内直视手术的体外循环管理体会

小婴儿心内直视手术的体外循环管理体会王振喜１夏建海２谷兴琳２１南京儿童医院麻醉科（２１０００８）２本院胸外科我院近年来共施行小婴儿心内直视手术２２例，现就我们的转流体会报道如下。临床资料２２例中男１２例，女１０例，年龄７个月～３岁，体重７～１０ｋｇ，...     

1936例小儿体外循环灌注的管理

我院于1982年4月—1998年5月共施行体外循环下心内直视手术1936例,无直接因体外循环故障而致严重并发症和死亡。均灌注成功,取得满意效果。