腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发胆管损伤的发生与处理

目的 回顾性评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）并发胆管损伤的发生原因、损伤改变、处理方法及转归，以期减少胆管损伤的发生、避免引起严重后果。方法 对本院2002～2007年的910例胆囊病变病例在全麻下实施LC治疗，其中9例术中发生胆管损伤，对胆管损伤的发生原因、损伤程度、处理方法及转归进行回顾性分析与统计学处理。结果 910例实施LC治疗的患者其胆管损伤发生率0．99％（9／910），9例均有胆囊区严重组织粘连。损伤表现分别为：右肝管撕裂1例，肝总管横断2例、撕裂1例，胆总管横断1例、撕裂1例、穿孔1例、部分夹闭2例。胆管损伤处理方法分别为：Ⅰ期胆管成形4例（端端吻合术2例、胆肠吻合术2例）、单纯T管引流2例、带蒂脐静脉瓣胆管缺损修补1例，3～6个月后行胆肠Ⅱ期吻合术2例。胆管损伤治疗后转归情况分别是：痊愈占77．8％（7／9）、反复胆道感染占11．1％（1／9）、死亡占11．1％（1／9）。结论 LC中胆管损伤发生率低、但后果严重，其发生与胆囊区严重的组织粘连密切相关，及时发现及正确处理胆管损伤可避免严重后果的发生。     

结直肠肿瘤内镜切除术后高危随访因素研究进展

 目前，结直肠息肉内镜下切除术后随访并无固定时限和标准，许多影响结直肠肿瘤随访的高危因素未被重视。本综述通过阐述和总结结直肠肿瘤的相关高危因素，以综合制定更加完善的随访体系，这将有利于肠镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术后患者的个体化随访及治疗。     

超声软指标联合孕中期血清三联筛查出生缺陷的应用价值

目的探讨超声软指标联合孕中期血清三联筛查出生缺陷的应用价值。方法分析3 253例孕产妇的临床资料,所有孕产妇均经超声软指标诊断,并于孕15周~20周取外周血测定血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、非结合型雌激素三醇(u E3)及人类绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-βHCG)。以染色体核型或分娩后追踪结果为金标准分析超声和血清学指标筛查出生缺陷的效能。结果金标准共确诊11例出生缺陷,包括7例21-三体综合征,1例18-三体综合征及3例神经管缺陷。超声软指标单独筛查的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为54.5%、97.4%、6.6%、99.8%及97.2%;血清三联检查上述指标分别为63.6%、98.9%、16.3%、99.9%及98.8%;超声软指标并联血清三联检查上述指标为54.5%、96.7%、7.8%、99.9%及96.6%;超声软指标串联血清三联检查上述指标为81.8%、99.3%、20.0%、99.8%及99.1%。结论超声软指标联合孕中期血清AFP、u E3及Free-βHCG筛查出生缺陷具有较高的临床应用价值。     

白鲜皮水提液的杀菌效果观察北大核心

白鲜（DictamnusdasycarpusTurcz）为芸香科白鲜属植物,生长于山坡丛林中,我国辽宁、甘肃、陕西、安徽、河北等省均有分布。白鲜的干燥根皮即为传统中药白鲜皮,具有抗菌抗癌、祛风解毒、清热燥湿等作用,临床上主要用于治疗湿热疮毒、黄水淋漓和湿疹等,并对心血管及血液病有一定的疗效。本研究以白鲜皮水提液作为研究对象,对其杀菌效果进行了实验室观察。     

中国早期胃癌筛查流程专家共识意见 在广东地区的应用

目的探讨“中国早期胃癌筛查流程专家共识意见”在广东地区胃癌风险人群中的应用价值。方法纳入2018年3月—2019年3月在广东地区进行早期胃癌筛查的居民,采用量化的新型胃癌筛查评分系统进行胃癌初筛,根据初筛结果将患者分为高危组、中危组和低危组,比较各组精查胃镜下早期胃癌、癌前疾病、癌前病变的检出率,统计学分析采用卡方检验。结果完成精查胃镜检查共545例,其中高危组32例,中危组184例,低危组329例。精查胃镜结果显示,早期胃癌检出率方面,高危组(12.5%)>中危组(1.1%)>低危组(0),差异有统计学意义（χ2＝41.85,P<0.01）;癌前疾病检出率方面,高危组(60.9%)>中危组(52.4%)>低危组(34.3%),差异有统计学意义（χ2＝18.00,P<0.01）;癌前病变检出率分别为17.9%、8.8%及8.8%,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝2.58,P＝0.28）。内镜病变检出阳性率组间比较,高危组(71.9%)>中危组(57.1%)>低危组(40.1%),差异有统计学意义（χ2＝21.54,P<0.01）。结论“中国早期胃癌筛查流程专家共识意见”在广东地区胃癌风险人群的早期胃癌及癌前疾病筛查中具有较好的应用价值。     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

急性胰腺炎少见病因分析

目的分析近4年来急性胰腺炎的少见病因组成及发病特点,旨在提高对少见因素所致急性胰腺炎的认识。方法回顾性分析我院2006年1月～2010年2月共436例急性胰腺炎患者的病例资料,统计除胆源性疾病、酒精性等常见原因外的少见原因引起的急性胰腺炎病例共79例,对其病因进行分析。结果特发性急性胰腺炎是少见病因胰腺炎的主要构成部分（62．03％）,高甘油三酯血症（13．92％）、手术（7．59％）在少见病因中所占比例也较高,其它病因少见,但仍有发生。结论急性胰腺炎的少见病因比例虽然少,但病种多样,临床上应注意寻找其可能病因,对因治疗。