小胶质细胞体外吞噬模型的建立及相关炎症因子的研究

目的: 建立以细胞凋亡信号－磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)介导的小胶质细胞体外吞噬模型,研究小胶质细胞发挥吞噬功能时炎症因子的表达变化。方法: 用N-乙基马来酰胺(NEM)预处理红细胞,随后整合氧化PS,制备含氧化PS信号的红细胞凋亡模型,并测定小胶质细胞对整合氧化PS信号红细胞吞噬率的变化。同时, real-time PCR检测小胶质细胞中炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达情况,研究小胶质细胞吞噬功能与炎症功能之间的关系。结果: 小胶质细胞对整合氧化PS红细胞的吞噬率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),同时炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α的mRNA表达水平明显减少。结论: 成功制备小胶质细胞体外吞噬凋亡细胞模型,小胶质细胞的吞噬作用可能是自身炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α在转录水平上降低的诱因。     

微波诱导小胶质细胞的促炎症反应

Objective To explore the relationship between microglia] proinflammatory and electro-magnetic radiation and unveil the role of microglia in microwave radiation induced central nervous system in-jury. Methods N9 microglia cells cultured in vitro were exposed to microwave at 90 mW/cm2. Cell flow cy-tometry was used to observe the expression of CD1 lb at different time points after exposure; ELISA was used to detect the concentration of TNF-α in N9 cell culture supernatant; RT-PCR analysis confirmed iNOS mRNA ex-pression in N9 microglia cells; and Nitrate Reductase Method was used to test NO amount in culture super-natant. Results The CD11b positive microglial cells increased significantly at 3 h after microwave exposure (P<0.05), continued to increase until 24 h and peaked at 6 h after exposure. The amount of TNF-α rose dra-matically from 1 h to 24 h after exposure (P<0.01) and peaked at 3 h [(762.1±61.5) pg/ml] after exposure (P< 0.01). The level of NO started to increase at 1 h [(4.48±0.59) μmol/L] and lasted for 24 h after exposure. The expression of iNOS mRNA increased significantly at 1 h(P<0.05), and tripled the original expression at 6 h af-ter exposure, hereafter, it decreased slightly, but all were higher than the control group within 24 h after exposure. Conclusion Microwave radiation could induce the activation of microglia cells. The activated microglia cells could induce microglial proinflammatory by producing large amounts of TNF-α, NO, etc.     

胸腹联合刀伤致膈肌破裂4例诊治分析

对胸腹联合刀伤致膈肌破裂4例诊治分析如下。 1病历摘要 例1：男，24岁。因左下胸部被菜刀砍伤后出血不止，左上腹疼痛8h入院。查体：P96次／min，R24次／min．BP98／58mmHg，左胸1O～11肋肋弓折断，创口有大网膜脱出20cm×10cm，左下胸压痛，无呼吸音，左上腹压痛，全腹肌紧张。     

屏蔽措施对电磁辐射致学习记忆障碍的防护

目的 探讨电磁辐射对大鼠学习记忆的影响及其机制，观察铝箔的不同屏蔽方式对电磁辐射的防护效果。方法 采用主动回避反应(AAR)和一次性被动回避反应(PAR)观察电磁辐射后大鼠学习记忆能力，采用Fura-2荧光检测海马突触体游离钙的变化，以及采用铝箔进行全身屏蔽和躯干屏蔽后对学习记忆能力和海马突触体钙含量的影响。结果 电磁波辐照可引起大鼠长时记忆和短时记忆能力减退，辐照后即刻和24h海马突触体游离钙呈双峰状升高，全身屏蔽后电磁波辐照对大鼠学习记亿能力和海马突触体游离钙基本不产生影响，躯干屏蔽对以上指标白乞变化影响不明显。结论 电磁辐射可明显影响大鼠学习记亿能力和海马突触体游离钙含量，海马突触体游离钙超载可能是大鼠学习记忆障碍的直接原因。全身屏蔽方式对电磁辐射具有较好的防护效果，而躯干屏蔽对电磁辐射基本无防护作用。     

红景天苷抑制库普弗细胞的HMGB1产生保护热射病小鼠肝损伤

目的 肝损伤是重症中暑的常见并发症,是导致患者死亡的直接原因。本研究拟探讨红景天苷(salidroside, Sal)对热射病小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法 动物实验部分,将40只ICR (institute of cancer research)小鼠随机分为空白对照组、Sal对照组、热射病组、Sal干预组。苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE)染色后观察小鼠肝脏损伤的程度。检测肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)的改变。体外实验部分,分离和培养库普弗细胞(Kupffer cells,KCs),以不同终浓度(80 μmol/L、160 μmol/L及320 μmol/L)的Sal预处理KCs 24 h,43 ℃±0.5 ℃热应激2 h。MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide]比色法检测细胞存活率。采用相应的试剂盒测定各组细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) 和高迁移率族蛋白1 (high mobility group box 1, HMGB1)释放量。采用实时聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR)评估HMGB1的mRNA表达。应用细胞核/细胞质提取试剂盒提取细胞核和细胞质蛋白,Western印迹法观察HMGB1从细胞核向细胞质转移的变化。结果 本实验条件下,动物实验部分,与空白对照组、Sal对照组相比,热射病小鼠肝脏病理损伤主要表现为肝细胞肿胀、透明或水样变性,伴随肝功能指标ALT和AST的明显升高;与热射病组相比,Sal干预能够缓解其肝细胞肿胀、透明或水样变性等病理改变并降低热射病小鼠血清ALT和AST水平。细胞实验部分,热刺激可诱导KCs上清液中LDH、MDA以及TNF-α释放,而随着Sal剂量的增加,可显著抑制热应激诱导的LDH、MDA以及TNF-α释放,提高细胞的存活率。且Sal显著抑制热应激诱导的HMGB1表达和分泌,以及HMGB1从细胞核向细胞质的易位。结论 Sal保护热射病小鼠肝损伤,可能是通过其抑制KCs的HMGB1表达和分泌,以及HMGB1从细胞核向细胞质的易位发挥作用。     

硒对微波辐照致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨硒对微波致神经细胞损伤的保护作用.方法以离体培养的PC12细胞为研究对象,采用65 mW/cm2的微波照射20 min进行致伤,以细胞存活率、MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性为实验指标反映Na2SeO3预处理对微波辐照致PC12细胞损伤的影响.结果微波辐照后PC12细胞存活率明显降低,MDA含量增加,SOD、GSH-Px活性降低,而经过Na2SeO3预处理后再接受微波辐照,以上指标的变化明显减轻,并且高剂量Na2SeO3预处理作用更明显.结论硒可以提高PC12细胞的抗氧化能力,保护神经细胞对抗微波辐射导致的细胞损伤.     

小肠平滑肌肉瘤误诊1例分析

对小肠平滑肌肉瘤误诊1例分析如下。[第一段]     

右美托咪啶通过HSP60-TLR4-NF-κB通路抑制热应激诱导的小胶质细胞活化

目的 热射病是一种死亡率极高的重症中暑,所导致的脑损伤是其防治的焦点。本研究拟探讨右美托咪啶（Dexmedetomidine, Dex）对热应激诱导小鼠小胶质细胞株BV2细胞活化的影响,以期为热射病脑损伤的防治研究提供实验依据。方法 采用体外培养BV2细胞,分为空白对照组、热应激组（43 ℃）、Dex处理组、热应激（43 ℃）联合药物处理组。采用MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide]法检测细胞活力的改变。ELISA（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay）方法检测热休克蛋白60（heat shock protein 60, HSP60）和相关炎性因子如肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor- alpha , TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）的释放。Western-blot检测Dex对热应激活化的BV2细胞信号通路的作用。结果 本实验条件下,Dex以及热应激不会对细胞活力产生影响（P>0.05）。与空白对照组相比,热应激将导致HSP60及炎性因子（TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6）的释放增加,而Dex的预处理能够减轻HSP60及炎性因子的释放,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与空白对照组相比,热应激将导致Toll样受体-4（Toll-like receptor- 4, TLR4）和核转录因子（nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB）的表达上调,而Dex预处理能够减弱这样的表达上调,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Dex可能通过抑制HSP60-TLR4-NF-κB信号通路阻止热应激导致的小胶质细胞活化。     

微波诱导小胶质细胞的促炎症反应

Objective To explore the relationship between microglia] proinflammatory and electro-magnetic radiation and unveil the role of microglia in microwave radiation induced central nervous system in-jury. Methods N9 microglia cells cultured in vitro were exposed to microwave at 90 mW/cm2. Cell flow cy-tometry was used to observe the expression of CD1 lb at different time points after exposure; ELISA was used to detect the concentration of TNF-α in N9 cell culture supernatant; RT-PCR analysis confirmed iNOS mRNA ex-pression in N9 microglia cells; and Nitrate Reductase Method was used to test NO amount in culture super-natant. Results The CD11b positive microglial cells increased significantly at 3 h after microwave exposure (P<0.05), continued to increase until 24 h and peaked at 6 h after exposure. The amount of TNF-α rose dra-matically from 1 h to 24 h after exposure (P<0.01) and peaked at 3 h [(762.1±61.5) pg/ml] after exposure (P< 0.01). The level of NO started to increase at 1 h [(4.48±0.59) μmol/L] and lasted for 24 h after exposure. The expression of iNOS mRNA increased significantly at 1 h(P<0.05), and tripled the original expression at 6 h af-ter exposure, hereafter, it decreased slightly, but all were higher than the control group within 24 h after exposure. Conclusion Microwave radiation could induce the activation of microglia cells. The activated microglia cells could induce microglial proinflammatory by producing large amounts of TNF-α, NO, etc.