膝关节骨关节炎生物力学的研究进展

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）是一种以软骨磨损为特点的退行性关节病,主要发生在中老年人,严重困扰人民健康,使至少10％的人丧失劳动能力.流行病学的研究估计,仅在美国大约有4300万人受影响,全世界大约有15％人口受到困扰.它不仅给社会,也给患者带来巨大的心理和经济负担[1].OA通常被认为是一个多因素导致的关节病,包括机械应力增加、力线异常、软骨退化、软骨下骨改变和肌肉软组织损伤.继发滑膜炎也在OA发生发展中扮演了重要的角色,尤其在早期阶段.生物力学在OA发生发展中的作用更是越来越受到人们重视.目前有研究指出,生物力学因素在OA发病中起到了瀑布效应[2].本文将主要对OA发生发展的不同生物力学因素进行讨论,现综述如下.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66支撑棒结合同种异体骨治疗ARCOⅢ期股骨头坏死

BACKGROUND: It remains controversial whether patients with ARCO stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head should be treated with femoreal head preserving surgery, and what the clinical efficacy of femoreal head preserving surgery is.     

软骨延迟增强核磁成像法检测Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死软骨改变

目的 运用软骨延迟增强核磁成像法检测Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死的软骨改变,研究股骨头坏死塌陷前后软骨的改变规律.方法 采用软骨延迟增强核磁成像技术,对每名受试者进行钆增强延迟核磁共振扫描,应用MATLAB和Mrimapper软件进行数据处理,分别获得股骨头软骨感兴趣区的TIGd数据.样本为成人激素性股骨头坏死国际骨坏死与循环协会(ARCO)分期Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者和健康志愿者,分为3组,A组:ARCO Ⅱ期,11髋;B组:ARCO Ⅲ期,13髋;C组:健康对照组为无髋关节疾病的健康正常成年人,10髋.结果 A组T1Gd值为420±60,B组T1Gd值为361±54,C组T1Gd值为538±26,A组、B组患者T1Gd值与C组相比差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).股骨头坏死塌陷后期T1Gd值较塌陷前T1Gd值低14%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 股骨头坏死塌陷前的ARCO Ⅱ期股骨头关节软骨已经发生代谢变化,塌陷后ARCO Ⅲ期更加明显,说明骨坏死塌陷前期即影响关节关节软骨的代谢功能,并随坏死程度的加重而加重.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

Cartilage changes of femoral head osteonecrosis in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ as detected by dGEMRIC

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

膝关节小切口单髁关节置换术患者的围手术期护理

目的 总结膝关节小切口单髁关节置换术患者围手术期的护理经验.方法 对63例膝关节小切口单髁关节置换术患者术后进行定期随访,评价有无血栓形成、假体松动、感觉及关节活动度等指标.结果 63例膝关节小切口单髁关节置换术患者,随访时间0.5～5年,平均随访时间18个月,无深静脉血栓及肺栓塞发生,无假体松动及感染发生,HSS评分由平均75分提高至92分,关节活动度由平均94°提高至123°,应用HSS评分进行评价,术后优良率92%.结论 单髁关节置换术具有创伤小、恢复快、术后功能好等特点,围手术期的细心护理和精心指导是手术取得成功的有力保障.     

基于数据挖掘的膝骨关节炎中药熏洗用药规律研究

目的:基于中医传承辅助平台V2.5(TCMISS V2.5)研究膝骨关节炎中药熏洗处方的用药规律。方法:通过收集中国期刊全文数据库(CJFD)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、PubMed数据库建库至2019年11月中药熏洗治疗膝骨关节炎的处方,输入中医传承辅助平台V2.5,分析处方中各种中药的应用频次、性味归经、关联规则和新方分析。结果:对筛选出的372首中药处方进行分析,应用最多的前3位依次为透骨草、红花、伸筋草,归经以肝、心、脾、肾经为主,药性以温为主,药味以辛、苦、甘为主,新方组合11条。结论:中药熏洗治疗膝骨关节炎以海桐皮汤为主方,治法主要是祛湿散寒、化瘀通络,治肝是关键,兼顾心脾肾。     

颈椎损伤患者白细胞变化的临床意义探讨

目的 探讨急性颈椎脊髓损伤患者外伤后1周内白细胞变化及年龄、性别、时间、严重程度等对白细胞计数的影响.方法 检测66例颈椎损伤患者外伤后7d之内的血常规,并排除可能影响白细胞计数的其他因素,分析白细胞变化特点.结果 66例被研究的颈椎脊髓损伤患者伤后7d内白细胞计数(10.61±0.91)×109/L.完全瘫痪组白细胞计数(12.52±1.58)×109/L;不完全瘫痪组白细胞计数(9.94±1.14)×109/L;无神经症状组白细胞计数(8.99±1.05)×109/L.结论 颈椎脊髓损伤患者7d内白细胞升高,损伤程度、受伤时间、损伤节段与白细胞升高有关,而年龄、性别与白细胞升高无关.     

膝关节单髁置换术早中期并发症分析

1目的探讨膝关节单髁置换术（UKA）早中期并发症的原因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2003～2013年本组行UKA共217膝的临床结果,对早中期并发症进行分析。男46膝,女171膝,平均年龄65．3岁。术前诊断为膝关节骨关节炎201膝,骨坏死16膝。结果术后平均随访5．8年,患者满意率87％,疼痛缓解率93％,膝活动度123°,HSS评分92分。所有病例无临床深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生,无手术死亡病例。术后全膝关节置换翻修3例：1例假体松动、1例假体周围感染、1例对侧间室骨关节炎。Oxford半月板衬垫脱位2例,手术更换大号半月板衬垫。另有对侧间室骨关节炎1例未进行翻修。结论膝关节UKA治疗膝关节内侧间室病变中短期疗效满意,但存在特有并发症,应严格手术适应证、掌握手术操作原则及技术,完善围手术期处理,减少并发症的发生。     

激素性股骨头坏死信号通路的研究进展

股骨头坏死是我国骨科的常见病和难治性疾病,近年来对激素性股骨头坏死的研究进展迅速。糖皮质激素的大量使用是导致股骨头坏死发生的重要原因之一,但是糖皮质激素导致股骨头坏死的具体机制尚未完全阐明。目前研究发现有许多信号通路与股骨头坏死的发生有着密切联系,包括TGF-β/Smad,Wnt/β-catenin,PI3k/Akt,TLR4,PPARγ,TNF-α-STAT1-Caspase-3等多条信号通路。这些信号通路通过促进骨细胞与成骨细胞的凋亡,促进骨髓间充质干细胞脂肪化,破坏成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间的平衡,影响股骨头血供等多方面参与股骨头坏死的发生和发展。本文综述股骨头坏死发生的信号通路与股骨头坏死之间的关系,为股骨头坏死进行预防和早期诊治提供帮助。     

人工膝关节单髁关节置换术研究进展

单髁关节置换术治疗单间室骨关节炎近些年取得很大进展,引起越来越多的关注.文中综述了近年来最新的研究进展.研究表明经严格的病例选择,单髁关节置换术10年生存率达95%左右.术后关节功能好,并发症少,具有损伤小、恢复快、费用低、保存骨量等优点,是治疗单间室关节炎值得考虑的手术选择.