乌头碱致SD乳鼠心肌细胞心律失常模型的研究

目的建立一种细胞水平的心律失常模型,以用于抗心律失常药物的筛选和评价。方法采用胰酶消化法体外培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞,通过差速贴壁的方法纯化后,在细胞水平给予传统诱发心律失常药物乌头碱,应用试剂盒测定给予乌头碱后心肌细胞内Na+、K+、Ca2+离子含量及Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活力的变化。结果乌头碱作用心肌细胞15 min后,使细胞内Na+、Ca2+离子含量增加,K+含量有减少,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系,其中1、2μmol/L乌头碱使细胞内Na+离子含量明显增加,与空白组比较有显著差异(P0.01);能抑制细胞Na+-K+-ATP酶活力,其中0.5,1.0,2.0μmol/L乌头碱与空白组比较有差异(P0.05),1.5μmol/L乌头碱与空白组比较有显著差异(P0.01);有降低细胞Ca2+-ATP酶活力的趋势。结论在细胞水平给予乌头碱能引起细胞内离子含量及酶活性的改变,与心律失常发生机制基本一致。因此乌头碱心肌细胞模型是一种稳定可靠的抗心律失常药物筛选模型。     

改良超滤法在婴幼儿体外循环中的应用(摘要)

改良超滤法在婴幼儿体外循环中的应用（摘要）王伟黄惠民朱德明陈虹苏肇伉丁文祥⒇本研究探讨改良超滤法在快速浓缩血液，清除有害中分子物质，减轻术后组织水肿及减少术后用血等方面的作用。１临床资料对象：小儿先天性心脏病患者２０例，其中男１２例，女８例，年龄７个...     

Slide方法在小儿先天性气管狭窄的应用

目的 总结Slide方法纠治长段气管狭窄的手术疗效.方法 2001年8月至2010年10月,手术纠治先天性气管狭窄21例.手术年龄28 d至8.6岁,平均(21.9±27.1)个月,体重4.2～22.5 kg,平均(9.65±4.24)kg,除2例分别为纵隔肿瘤和气管外伤所致气管短段狭窄外,其余19例均伴有先天性心脏病.根据气管狭窄长度,分为短段气管狭窄9例,长段气管狭窄12例.所有病例均在低温体外循环下行先天性心脏病纠治术,同时行气管狭窄处理.近期8例均采用Slide方法.结果 21例先天性气管狭窄手术死亡2例.1例早期采用人工材料修补,术后3个月出现肉芽,放弃治疗死亡.1例长段气管狭窄采用Slide方法,术后3周出现气管内肉芽,经多次球囊扩张、激光烧灼均无效,死亡.余19例长期随访2个月至8年,气管狭窄症状消失,CT复查效果满意,无一例再次手术.结论 Slide气管成形术采用自体的气管组织重建气道,吻合口牢固稳定,而且保持了正常的气管内膜,保证术后气管内壁的细胞功能和良好生长.是长段气管狭窄的最佳手术方法.由于本组病例较少,还需要定期随访,观察长期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate slide tracheoplasty for congenital tracheal stenosis. Methods Between August 2001 and October 2010, twenty-one patients with congenital tracheal stenosis were repaired. The operative age was 28d～8. 6y (mean 21.9 ± 27. 1m) and the weight was 4. 2～22. 5kg (mean 9. 65 ± 4.24 kg) . Except for one case of mediasternal tumour and another one of tracheal trauma, all the restothers had congenital heart disease. There were 9 patients with short tracheal stenosis and 12 patients with long segment tracheal stenosis. The congenital heart disease were repaired underwent low temperature and cardiopulmonary bypass, and the tracheal stenosis were corrected simultaneously. Nine patients with long segment tracheal stenosis were repaired by slide tracheoplasty. Results There was two death in this group. One patient with right and left broncheal stenosis was repaired by synthetic patch. He succumbed 3 months later due todied of granulation tissue on the patch. Another patient with long segment tracheal stenosis was repaired by slide tracheoplasty, who also died from granulation tissue. All other 19 patients were uneventful. These patients were followed up from 2 month to 8 years, there were no complication. CT scan shows that the tracheal anastomosis was patent withand no any stenosis. Conclusions The slide tracheoplasty was used by autologous material,maintaining its contour and function of respiratory epithelium, and keeping its growth. The slide tracheoplasty is best way for correction of long segment tracheal stenosis. Long term follow up is required.     

心脏右侧径路纠治心下型肺静脉异位回流

目的 评估经心脏右侧径路纠治心下型完全性肺静脉异位回流方法的价值.方法 2005年9月至2007年12月,采用经心脏右侧进路方法纠治心下型完全性肺静脉异位回流7例.平均年龄(70.57 -44.67)天;平均体重(4.07±0.87)kg.其中3例肺静脉回流梗阻,2例卵圆孔未闭较小.结果 无手术死亡.术后并发症包括:低心排5例,发生肺动脉高压危象3例,呼吸机辅助7天以上2例,肺部感染2例.术后随访6个月至2年,超声检查心房内无残余分流,吻合口无明显梗阻,流速1.20～1.47m/s;心功能:射血分数0.70～0.79,短轴缩短率0.32～0.44;1例出现肺静脉回流的流速增快,其右上肺静脉2.60m/s,右下肺静脉2.12m/s,继续随访中.结论 采用经心脏右侧径路方法纠治心下型完全性肺静脉异位回流,取得了较好效果.手术成功取决于左房与垂直静脉的吻合口大小,保证肺静脉回流无梗阻.

Abstract：

Objective Infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, a rare congenital cardiac defect, is associated with high mortality. A modification was designed for the procedure to reduce the post-operative obstruction in the pulmonary venous. Methods From September 2005 to December 2007, seven patients with infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection were treated with repair surgery through right side approach. The patients' age at operation was (70.57 ±44.67) days , the weight was (4.07 ±0.87) kg. Three patients had pulmonary venous obstruction, and 2 with small PFO. A modified right - side approach for repairing this defect was used. Results No death occurred after the operation. The postoperative complications included low cardiac output in 5 patients (71.43%), pulmonary hypertension crisis in 3patients ( 42.86% ) , mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, which happened in 2 patients (28.58%) and pulmonary infection. All of the patients received follow-up. No residual shunt and pulmonary venous return obstruction were identified on echocardiogram(with a velocity from 1.2 m/s to 1.47 m/s). The heart function of patients was within the normal range(EF 0.70 -0.79, FS 0.32 -0.44). Conclusion The modified surgical procedure for the correction of infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection by right side approach was associated with favorite clinical outcomes, The post-operative outcomes depended on the size of anastomosis between the common vein and left atrium and the patency of the pulmonary venous return. Adequate size of anastomosis and maintenance of the spatial structures in adjacent regions were helpful in decreasing the adverse effect of postoperative obstruction.     

婴儿早期法洛四联症的外科治疗

目的总结婴儿早期法洛四联症（TOF）外科治疗经验,探讨TOF早期根治术的相关问题。方法回顾性分析上海市儿童医院2008年6月至2010年8月收治21例婴儿早期（〈6个月）TOF患者的临床资料,其中男14例,女7例;年龄4.86±1.15个月;体重6.84±1.33 kg。均经心脏彩色超声心动图确诊,有4例行CT或磁共振成像（MRI）或右心导管造影术。McGoon比值1.86±0.41,肺动脉指数（PAI）142.54±59.46 mm2/m2。经右心房（19例）或右心室（2例）自体心包补片连续缝合修补室间隔缺损;对肺动脉瓣环Z值〈-1者采用心包补片跨瓣扩大成形（18例）;对接近或基本达到正常Z值者保留瓣环,用心包补片分别扩大右心室流出道（RVOT）和肺总动脉（3例）。结果术后第15 d因心力衰竭死亡1例;1例术后第2 d拔除气管内插管后出现喉头水肿,再插管辅助通气,3 d后顺利撤机;其余患者术后均顺利恢复。18例获得随访,随访9.89±6.47个月,心功能改善（Ross分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级）;随访心脏超声心动图提示：RVOT压差为21.20±12.27 mm Hg（8.10~45.14 mm Hg）;肺动脉瓣反流（PI）轻度10例,中度5例,无重度患者;2例早期残余室间隔缺损已闭合。与术后早期相比,RVOT压差和PI程度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,右心功能良好。结论婴儿早期行TOF根治术可取得良好的手术效果;经右心房矫正心内畸形,并保留肺动脉瓣环有利于术后心功能保护。     

二尖瓣成形术治疗小儿先天性二尖瓣反流疗效分析

目的评价二尖瓣成形术在小儿先天性二尖瓣反流治疗中的应用效果。方法对接受二尖瓣成形术治疗的78例二尖瓣反流患儿的手术指征、手术方式、疗效及随访结果进行分析。结果 78例患儿平均随访时间12.6个月(0.5～73个月)。术后死亡3例,均为住院期间死亡。术后15例(19.2%)出现并发症。再次手术4例,其中3例行二尖瓣置换术,1例行二次成形术。1例因术后心力衰竭再次入院。随访期间二尖瓣反流评分与术前相比均有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论二尖瓣成形术治疗小儿先天性二尖瓣反流近期效果理想,能适应患儿的生长,可以有效地延迟或避免行二尖瓣置换术。     

开展术后随访的困境和策略

上海儿童医学中心徐志伟等教授的论著——“大动脉转位术后吻合口生长的随访研究”发表于《中国胸心血管外科临床杂志》2009年第16卷第3期。论文回顾性分析了该中心近8年来大动脉转位术（ASO）应用于新生儿、婴幼儿期完全性大动脉错位（d—TGA）、右心室双出口（Taussig—Bing）纠治术后中期结果。该文不仅展示了较大样本（331例）的手术早期疗效（手术死亡率由40％下降到5％）,并通过细致的专人随访得出术后中期（20个月）的疗效和问题,为手术者改进手术方法,预防肺动脉吻合口和肺动脉分支狭窄提供依据。     

完全性大动脉错位动脉转换术的体外循环体会

目的：动脉转换术是纠治完全性大动脉错位的理想手术方法，对体外循环要求较高，本文总结１０例体外循环的经验。方法：１０例患儿年龄１９天至７岁（８例小于６个月），体重３．４至１８．０ｋｇ（８例低于６．０ｋｇ），３例用深低温暂停循环，７例用深低温低流量合并停循环。平均体外循环时间１８４．４±５５．５ｍｉｎ，主动脉阻断１１２．６±３５．０ｍｉｎ，低流量时间８９．３±２２．６ｍｉｎ，停循环时间５７．１±２０．８ｍｉｎ。结果：８例恢复良好，２例死于心功能不全及多脏器衰竭。结论：采用小预充量氧合器及管道，主动脉高位插管，应用深低温低流量和停循环或深低温停循环，加强术中、术后脑保护是主要经验。     

当今小儿先天性心脏病诊治的几个问题

当今先天性心脏病诊治的方向始终是预防、早期诊断和治疗.经过30多年的努力,我国手术治疗先天性心脏病的医疗单位已达500余个,年手术能力5～6万例.新生儿期和复杂心脏病已在多中心广泛开展.为加快我国先天性心脏病的诊治步伐,笔者提出几个问题与同道商讨.