通鼻消涕颗粒对慢性鼻窦炎鼻黏膜功能的影响*

目的对医院制剂通鼻消涕颗粒对慢性鼻窦炎鼻黏膜功能是否有调控作用进行临床研究。方法 收集慢性鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者，采用单盲方法随机将患者分为治疗组（通鼻消涕颗粒组）和对照组（克拉霉素片组）。分别给予口服通鼻消涕颗粒和克拉霉素片治疗4周，并对治疗前、治疗2周后、治疗4周后的患者进行糖精试验、鼻部症状VAS评分与鼻内镜Lund Kennedy评分。并采用t检验统计分析。比较服药前、服药后的评分变化。结果 VAS评分提示：治疗组中，治疗2周后、治疗4周后与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），对照组在治疗后的各个阶段与治疗前相比均无明显差异（P＞0.05）。Lund Kennedy评分提示：治疗组在治疗2周后与治疗前无明显差异，但在治疗4周后有明显改善（P＜0.05），对照组则在治疗后各个阶段无明显变化（P＞0.05）。糖精试验提示2组在治疗后2周患者糖精清除时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），但治疗组在治疗4周后患者糖精清除时间低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 通鼻消涕颗粒对慢性鼻窦炎的鼻黏膜形态与传输功能有明显改善作用，可以促进鼻黏膜纤毛功能的恢复，并优于克拉霉素片组，且无毒副作用，值得临床上推广应用。     

四种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素污染状况分布比较研究

目的 测定不同来源的4种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素（AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂）的含量，比较不同基质中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素的分布状况。方法 基于免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱分离-荧光检测器（IAC-HPLC-FLD）方法，分析不同产地共75批中药样品。结果 柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子及党参共计75批中药饮片中，阳性检出：26批柏子仁（AFs 1.22-46.67 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 1.22-31.40 μg·kg^-1）、4批薏苡仁（AFs 1.97-41.13 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 1.97-36.40 μg·kg^-1）、1批决明子（AFs 13.65 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 12.60 μg·kg^-1），阳性率41%，超标率15%。阳性样品经 LC-MS/MS确证，排除假阳性。4种大宗常用中药饮片柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子、党参中黄曲霉毒素的污染水平依次降低，阳性检出率分别为77%、29%、7%、0%，表明中药材中黄曲霉毒素的污染状况与药材基质密切相关。结论 针对易污染AFs的中药品种，需进一步加强其污染状况的全面检测分析，为黄曲霉毒素的有效防控以及完善中药的质量标准提供科学依据，从而保障中药用药安全。     

SA脂质体介导GFP／bFGF基因在豚鼠耳蜗中的表达

目的 :观察天然碱性脂 (Stearylamine,SA)脂质体介导绿色荧光蛋白 /碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(GFP/bFGF)基因于不同时间段豚鼠耳蜗中的表达 ,为进一步研究耳聋的基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 :取豚鼠 1 6只 ,分成 4组 ,每组 4只。其中 3只右耳圆窗内注入SA -GFP/bFGF复合物 ,1只同法注入生理盐水作为对照。分别于术后第 2、7、1 4、2 1天取材。在荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达 ,用免疫组化法检测bFGF的转导情况。结果 :荧光显微镜下见双侧耳蜗于术后第 2天开始部分细胞发出绿色荧光 ,第 7天达到高峰 ,支持细胞及内外毛细胞均显荧光 ,细胞轮廓清晰 ;第 1 4天开始减弱 ,第 2 1天消失。免疫组化染色显示 ,除血管纹外 ,耳蜗各回Corti器、螺旋韧带、螺旋缘及螺旋神经节细胞均有高浓度的表达产物 ,对照动物呈阴性表达。结论 :SA脂质体介导的GFP/bFGF基因单耳给药双侧耳蜗均有高效表达 ,为进一步研究基因治疗耳聋提供了可能。     

Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system: a new avenue for atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is thought to be functionally active in atherosclerosis (AS) lesions. Aspirin was found to be a potent inhibitor of the UPS in some tumour studies; however, its effect on AS remains to be demonstrated in vivo. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were placed on a normal diet (N) or on a normal diet with aspirin (NI) or on an atherogenic diet without (H) or with aspirin (HI) for 12 weeks. Proteasome activity, concentrations of plasma lipids and levels of peroxidation were determined. Ubiquitin/ubiquitin-conjugates (Ub), IkappaBalpha, phosphorylated IkappaB (pIkappaBalpha) and p65 were investigated by Western blotting or immunochemistry. RESULTS: Concentrations of plasma lipids and peroxidation levels were higher in H or HI vs. N or NI. Histological analysis showed that atheroma was increased in H. Ub and IkappaBalpha were mainly localised in subendothelium and media vascular smooth muscle cells. Western blots revealed that Ub, IkappaBalpha, and pIkappaBalpha were increased, whereas p65 was lower in HI vs. H. The activity of the 20S proteasome was functionally active in H vs. N, NI or HI, while the 26S proteasome was not affected in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin can attenuate the pathogenesis of atheroma formation, the degradation of IkappaBalpha and pIkappaBalpha, and lower the expression of p65, indicating that its therapeutic effects on AS may be via inhibition of the UPS.     

急性缺氧对大鼠海马神经元钙激活钾通道的作用

目的:本实验采用膜片钳单通道技术研究缺氧条件下对培养新生大鼠海马神经元钙激活钾通道的作用;方法:取1 ～3天的SD大鼠海马神经元组织,制成细胞悬液,加入含80 %DMEM(dulbecco' s modified eagle' s medium)、20 %小牛血清培养基进行培养,将培养3 ～5天的形态典型的神经元置于对称性高钾溶液中,用膜钳技术记录单通道电流,其通道电流通过膜片钳放大器(CEZ -2200)放大,滤波(3KHz)后,经A/D、D/A转换器输入计算机,采用pClamp6 .0 .6软件采样分析;结果:在细胞贴附式下,应用氰化钠(20μmol/L)造成细胞急性缺氧,在缺氧早期(5 ～20 min)通道开放概率增加(P<0 .01或P<0 .05 ,n=5) ,而缺氧后期(20 ～30 min) ,通道开放概率明显降低,表明缺氧时间对通道的开放概率有明显影响。结论:缺氧早期神经元钙激活钾通道有自身激活作用,当钙激活钾通道激活时,钾离子外流增加,产生膜的复极化,使去极化不易产生,从而稳定细胞膜及降低细胞的兴奋性,这可能是缺氧早期神经元自身的一种代偿机制。     

乌鲁木齐市家蝇抗药性现状及发展趋势分析

目的 分析乌鲁木齐市家蝇对化学杀虫剂的抗药性现状及发展趋势，探讨防制对策。方法 常规微量点滴法。结果 对溴氰菊酯的抗性系数在24．00-253．67；对敌敌畏的抗性系数在11.44-53.24;对二氯苯醚菊酯抗性系数在9.29-36.10，对氯氰菊酯的抗性系数在2.32-9.62。结论：8年来家蝇对4种杀虫剂的抗药性在不断上升，仍保持较高水平，但迅速上升的趋势开始减缓。     

二至丸对四氯化碳所致小鼠ALT升高的预防作用

目的研究二至丸水提物、女贞子、墨旱莲的保肝作用.方法通过检测血清酶学指标,观察二至丸对四氯化碳肝损伤模型的保护作用.结果用药各组均具有降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)作用,以二至丸超声水提液和水煎液作用最强,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为复方保肝降酶的有效部位,但两者不同混合比例的保肝降酶作用应作进一步研究,以寻找最佳配比,达到最佳保肝效果.结论用药各组均具有保肝降酶作用,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为二至丸复方的保肝降酶的有效部位.     

PHAGAQUOSONOGRAM (PASG) DIAGNOSIS FOR CANCER OF GASTRIC CARDIA A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF 223 PATIENTS

Phagaquosonographies (PASG) of 100 normal subjects and 223 patients with cardiac cancer (CC) were analyzed. The apparatus was self-designed and self-manufactured. The wave patterns and the pre-ejection period and other 8 quantitative indices in PASG were compared and patients with CC were found to have abnormal levels (P less than 0.01). The phagaquosonograms in 82 patients with esophageal, gastric or cardias (non-cancer) diseases served as controls. The PASG showed positive results in 97.3%, suspicious in 2.3% and negative in 0.4% of CC cases and 100% negative in the normal subjects. It was 1.2% positive, 8.5% suspicious and 90.3% negative in the esophageal, cardiac or gastric non-cancer diseases. PASG has high sensitivity (97.3%), and typical characteristics (98.8%). It is shown that this method can be used in screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of cardiac cancer.     

Outgrowth-regulating actions of glutamate in isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons

The present study examined the effects of glutamate on the outgrowth of dendrites and axons in isolated hippocampal pyramidal-like neurons in cell culture. During the first day of culture the survival and outgrowth of these neurons was unaffected by high concentrations (up to 1 nM) of glutamate, quisqualic acid (QA), kainic acid (KA), and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. Beginning on day 2 of culture high levels of glutamate, KA and QA were toxic to the majority of pyramidal neurons, while subtoxic levels of these agents caused a well-defined, dose-dependent, sequence of effects on dendritic outgrowth. At increasing concentrations of glutamate, QA, and KA, the following events were observed: (1) dendritic outgrowth rates were reduced, while axonal elongation rates were unaffected; (2) dendritic length was reduced, while axons continued to grow; (3) dendrites regressed dramatically, and axonal outgrowth rate was reduced. These dendrite-specific effects of glutamate were apparently mediated at the growth cones since focal application of glutamate to individual dendritic growth cones resulted in suppression of growth cone activity and a regression of the dendrite; axons were unaffected by focal glutamate application. Pharmacological tests using glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists demonstrated that receptors of the KA/QA type mediated the glutamate effects on outgrowth and survival. The calcium channel blocker Co2+ prevented both glutamate neurotoxicity and glutamate-induced dendritic regression. Ionophore A23187 and elevations in extracellular K+ levels each caused a dose-dependent series of outgrowth and survival responses similar to those caused by glutamate. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of glutamate receptors leads to the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels; the resulting increases in calcium influx lead to the observed alterations in dendritic outgrowth and neuronal survival.     

螺旋CT的滑环故障及维修

滑环是螺旋CT最基本的部件之一,承担着扫描架中固定与旋转部件之间的供电、接地及信息传递等功能,并介绍了滑环的基本结构、故障检修及维护.