血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的临床观察

目的:观察血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的效果。方法:选取2017年6月至2018年6月聊城市中医院收治的高血压颈动脉硬化患者92例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组,每组46例。对照组患者给予左旋氨氯地平+阿托伐他汀口服,观察组在对照组基础上加用血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减口服。观察患者血压、血脂控制情况,测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块面积、血管皮内皮功能、血清蛋白酶分子水平。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗后的血压SBP、DBP及血脂TG、TC、LDL-C等指标更低(P<0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化斑块IMT厚度、斑块面积明显缩小(P<0.05),血管内皮功能指标ET-1、AngⅡ、TXB2水平明显降低,NO水平明显升高(P<0.05);血清CatK、MMP-9水平明显降低(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率8.70%明显低于对照组不良反应发生率21.74%(P<0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药更利于控制高血压颈动脉硬化患者的血压,调节脂质代谢,改善血管内皮功能,降低血清蛋白酶分子的含量,用药安全。     

基于LC-MS的甘草炮制雷公藤降低肝毒性的代谢组学研究

目的 观察甘草炮制雷公藤Tripterygium wilfordii后对小鼠血清中代谢产物的影响，初步探讨其降低肝毒性的可能代谢通路。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照（Con）组、雷公藤（Raw）组、甘草炮制雷公藤（Pro）组，观察小鼠肝组织病理变化，检测小鼠肝功能生化指标、炎症因子水平；利用液质联用（LC-MS）技术结合代谢组学方法，对各组间的代谢差异进行表征。结果 与Raw组相比，Pro组小鼠肝组织损伤显著改善，肝功能生化指标、炎症因子水平显著降低，表明甘草炮制雷公藤后可以降低小鼠肝毒性；共筛选出脂肪酸、磷脂酸、甘油酯、磷脂酰胆碱、胆酸等12个潜在生物标志物，主要涉及脂肪酸生物合成、甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢等9个代谢通路。结论 甘草炮制雷公藤可有效降低小鼠的肝毒性，其机制可能与调节脂肪酸代谢等通路相关，为其临床合理应用提供参考依据。     

甘麦大枣汤改善肿瘤抑郁的临床疗效

目的：观察甘麦大枣汤治疗肿瘤抑郁的临床疗效。方法：选取2018年1月至2018年10月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院收治的肿瘤抑郁患者72例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组36例。2组均给予抗肿瘤中成药消癌平片，观察组加用甘麦大枣汤。2组疗程均为28 d，比较2组治疗前后抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分，抑郁相关指标5-羟色胺(5-HT)，同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)，白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)、免疫学指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)水平及生命质量评分(QLQ-C30)的变化情况。结果：治疗后，SDS评分观察组明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抑郁相关炎性反应递质指标5-HT、TNF-α、IL-6改善，观察组好转程度明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫学指标CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平观察组改善程度明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生命质量量表中躯体、角色、情绪、社会功能、总健康状况、疲倦、失眠项目评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：甘麦大枣汤联合消癌平片治疗肿瘤抑郁患者，可明显减轻抑郁，提高机体免疫功能，改善生命质量。     

Validation of a Complementary Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess infant nutrient intake

Dietary assessment in infants is challenging but necessary to understand the relationship between nutrition and growth and development. Currently no simple, validated methods exist to assess nutrient intake in New Zealand (NZ) infants. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of a Complementary Food Frequency Questionnaire (CFFQ) to determine nutrient intakes of NZ infants. Ninety‐five parent–infant pairs (infant age 10 ± 1 months) completed the CFFQ twice (CFFQ‐1 and CFFQ‐2), 4 weeks apart (to assess reproducibility). A 4‐day weighed food record (4dWFR) was collected between CFFQ administrations (to assess validity). Validity and reproducibility were assessed for intakes of energy and 18 nutrients using Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, cross‐classification, and weighted Kappa (κ). The CFFQ showed acceptable validity: Nutrients from the CFFQ were comparable with the 4dWFR (bias, 9–28%), correlation between methods ranged from r = .18 (saturated fat) to r = .81 (iron; mean r = .52), 54% (mean) of participants were correctly classified (range 39% to 67%), and 7.1% (mean) misclassified into opposite tertiles (range 2.1% to 14.7%). There was acceptable agreement between the CFFQ and 4dWFR (κ = 0.20–0.60). The CFFQ showed good reproducibility: Correlations ranged from r = .34 (folate) to r = .80 (zinc); for 16 nutrients, >50% of participants were correctly classified, and for all nutrients, <10% of participants were grossly misclassified. All nutrients showed acceptable to good agreement (κ > 0.20). The CFFQ has acceptable relative validity and good reproducibility for assessing nutrient intake in NZ infants aged 9–12 months, making it a useful tool for use in future research.     

Differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in patients with neuroendocrine tumours:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of patients with neuroendocrine tumours(NETs) develop carcinoid syndrome(CS),characterised by flushing and diarrhoea.Somatostatin analogues or telotristat can be used to control symptoms of CS through inhibition of serotonin secretion.Although CS is often the cause of diarrhoea among patients with gastroenteropancreatic NETs(GEP-NETs),other causes to consider include pancreatic enzyme insufficiency(PEI),bile acid malabsorption and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.If other causes of diarrhoea unrelated to serotonin secretion are mistaken for CS diarrhoea,these treatments may be ineffective against the diarrhoea,risking detrimental effects to patient quality of life.AIM To identify and synthesise qualitative and quantitative evidence relating to the differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in patients with GEP-NETs.METHODS Electronic databases(MEDLINE,Embase and the Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to September 12,2018 using terms for NETs and diarrhoea.Congresses,systematic literature review bibliographies and included articles were also hand-searched.Any study designs and publication types were eligible for inclusion if relevant data on a cause(s) of diarrhoea in patients with GEP-NETs were reported.Studies were screened by two independent reviewers at abstract and full-text stages.Framework synthesis was adapted to synthesise quantitative and qualitative data.The definition of qualitative data was expanded to include all textual data in any section of relevant publications.RESULTS Forty-seven publications(44 studies) were included,comprising a variety of publication types,including observational studies,reviews,guidelines,case reports,interventional studies,and opinion pieces.Most reported on PEI on/after treatment with somatostatin analogs;9.5%-84% of patients with GEP-NETs had experienced steatorrhoea or confirmed PEI.Where reported,14.3%–50.7% of patients received pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.Other causes of diarrhoea reported in patients with GEP-NETs included bile acid malabsorption(80%),small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(23.6%-62%),colitis(20%) and infection(7.1%).Diagnostic approaches included faecal elastase,breath tests,tauroselcholic(selenium-75) acid(Se HCAT) scan and stool culture,although evidence on the effectiveness or diagnostic accuracy of these approaches was limited.Assessment of patient history or diarrhoea characteristics was also reported as initial approaches for investigation.From the identified evidence,if diarrhoea is assumed to be CS diarrhoea,consequences include uncontrolled diarrhoea,malnutrition,and perceived ineffectiveness of CS treatment.Approaches for facilitating differential diagnosis of diarrhoea include improving patient and clinician awareness of non-CS causes and involvement of a multidisciplinary clinical team,including gastroenterologists.CONCLUSION Diarrhoea in GEP-NETs can be multifactorial with misdiagnosis leading to delayed patient recovery and inefficient resource use.This systematic literature review highlights gaps for further research on prevalence of non-CS diarrhoea and suitability of diagnostic approaches,to determine an effective algorithm for differential diagnosis of GEP-NET diarrhoea.