枸橼酸抗凝在肾移植术后DGF患者CRRT治疗中的应用及安全性评价

目的：探讨和研究枸橼酸与普通肝素抗凝在肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)患者的连续肾脏替代疗法(CRRT)中的应用效果及安全性对比。方法研究对象选取为2012年1月-2015年1月之间行肾移植术后出现DGF的36例患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各18例,两组患者均行CRRT治疗,对照组采用普通肝素抗凝,观察组则采用枸橼酸抗凝,对两组患者的血液净化效果和不良反应进行统计对比。结果两组患者在平均血流速度、24 h置换液量、透析器使用时间对比上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者无一例发生相关不良反应,不良反应发生率0.0%,对照组出现牙龈出血2例,消化道出血3例,全身皮下瘀斑2例,不良反应发生率38.9%,观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论DGF患者在行CRRT治疗过程中,应用枸橼酸抗凝的效果较好,且安全性显著高于普通肝素,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

从郁论治胆汁反流性胃炎

胆汁反流性胃炎(BRG)病位在胃脾,与胆肝密切相关,其病因可从“六郁”而论,六郁结于中焦,有碍中焦升降运动,当升而不升,当降而不降,气机升降运动失调,脾之健运失常,肝失疏泄,胆随胃逆,肝随脾升,则BRG的临床表现随之而生.且“六郁”为病,又可相继生焉,“六郁”致病在BRG发病过程中有着至关重要的作用.临证治以疏肝理气解郁法、化痰降浊解郁法、清中降逆解郁法、化瘀通络解郁法、消积导滞解郁法等.     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

Objective To explore the clinical implication of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts in renal allograft recipients with severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods From February 2007 to June 2008, we investigated the variation of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts using flow cytometry in 28 cases of severe pulmonary infection 1 ～6 months after kidney transplantation (infection group), and 30 cases (control group) randomly selected that had stable situation and normal kidney function in the same period. Results CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission in infection group were significantly lower than in control group (184.1 ±117.5/μl vs. 518.6±232.7/μl, P<0.01 ). In infection group, 5 patients died and 4 of them had obviously declining trends of CD4+ T-cell counts during hospitalization course. Comparing to the day of admission, CD4+ T-cell counts of those survivors in infection group were significantly increased (184.1±117.5/μl vs. 406.5±163.9/μl, P<0.01) when infections were controlled. ROC analysis showed that CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission were accurate enough to identify who were susceptible to infection. In detail, the area under the curve (AUC) was 94.9% (P<0.01). CD4+ T-cell counts of 220/μl displayed the minimal misdiagnosis rate. Conclusions The variations of CD4+ T-cell counts are correlated to onset and progression of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Those who had CD4+ T-cell counts lower than 220/μl were at high risk of pulmonary infection. Direct measure and dynamic analysis of CD4+ T-cell subset have an important role in optimizing treatment and predicting prognosis of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation.     

CBL和PBL联合分阶段目标教学法在护士实习带教中的应用效果观察

[目的]探讨以案例为导向(CBL)的教学法、以问题为基础的学习(PBL)教学法及目标教学法联合应用在护士实习生带教中的应用效果.[方法]采用非平行对照方法,以2013年在我科实习的66名实习生为对照组,采用传统带教方法,以2014年于我科实习的68名实习生为观察组,采用CBL和PBL联合目标教学法.比较两组的教学效果.[结果]观察组在基础理论考核、操作能力考核、自我评价及带教老师评价方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]在护士实习生带教中应用CBL和PBL联合目标教学法,效果优于传统带教方法.     

低龄心脏停跳供者单个肾脏成人移植11例

目的 总结符合脑死亡诊断标准的低龄患儿心脏停跳后供肾应用于成人移植的处理经验.方法 心跳停止后单个供肾患儿6例,月龄49～106(75.35±22.8)个月,体质量16.6～37.8(23.9±8.4)kg.受者11例,平均年龄(28.2±7.9)岁,体质量(46.9±4.2)kg.单个供肾植入受者右侧髂窝.手术方法同成人尸肾移植.术中开始单/多克隆抗体加甲泼尼龙诱导治疗,术后常规环孢素或他克莫司、霉酚酸酯、泼尼松三联免疫抑制剂治疗.结果 受者肾功能均恢复正常,其中出现移植肾功能延迟恢复3例.术后移植肾增大明显,灌注后和移植后1周移植肾长径分别为(70.6±5.5)和(86.1±6.9)mm(P＜0.001),之后移植肾持续缓慢增大,至术后12个月移植肾长径为(104.5±8.8)mm.平均随访时间(21.8±9.5)个月,1年人/肾存活率均为100%.结论 低龄心跳停止供者单个供肾植入低体重的成人受者,可以成功维持受者正常肾功能,1年人/肾存活率与成人尸肾移植无显著差异.     

大黄不同粒径粉体在家兔体内药代动力学的比较研究

目的对大黄细粉与超微粉体在兔体内的药代动力学进行对比研究。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法洲定血浆样品中大黄素、大黄酚和大黄酸的含量,用DAS2．1．1药代动力学分析软件进行数据统计分析。结果大黄素、大黄酚和大黄酸在兔体内呈二室模型,相应的t1/2α大黄细粉组分别为：0．481、1．757、1．401,大黄超微粉组分别为4．693、0．175、0．165。以细粉为参比,由AUC计算大黄超微粉的相对生物利用度为大黄素：112．57％;大黄酸113．32％;大黄酚：176．14％。结论超微粉碎技术可促进大黄有效成分的吸收,提高其生物利用度。     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

目的 探讨肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测2007年2月至2008年6月期间,肾移植术后早期发生严重肺部感染的28例患者(感染组)外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的变化,并随机选取同期肾移植术后病情稳定的30例患者(对照组)作为对照.结果 肾移植术后早期,感染组患者入院第1天CD4+T淋巴细胞计数显著低于对照组,分别为(184.1±117.5)个/μl和(518.6±232.7)个/μl(P<0.01).感染组患者中有5例治疗无效死亡,其中4例CD4+T淋巴细胞计数呈持续降低趋势;感染组中存活的患者在治疗恢复后,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数明显上升至(406.5±163.9)个/μl,与治疗前比较,P<0.01.受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析表明,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数减少能作为判断发生肺部感染的有效指标,其曲线下面积(AUC)为94.9%(P<0.01),CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为220个/μL时,其特异度为100%.结论 外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞的变化与肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染的转归密切相关.CD4+T淋巴细胞计数低于220个/μl的患者发生感染的可能性极大;测定外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数并动态分析对于优化治疗和判断预后有重要的参考价值.     

器官保存液中聚乙二醇对人红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响

背景：聚乙二醇作为一种非渗透性大分子物质,在器官保存液中可发挥保护细胞膜、维护细胞骨架完整性、防止细胞水肿、抗脂质过氧化和免疫调节的作用。 目的：探讨器官保存液中的聚乙二醇对人红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察实验,于2008-10在解放军第二军医大学附属长征医院器官移植科完成。 材料：抽取接受体格检查的6名健康志愿者的肘前静脉血。 方法：在抽取的新鲜血液中按5∶1的稀释比分别加入生理盐水、器官保存液及含不同相对分子质量、不同浓度聚乙二醇的多器官保存液,按加入液体的不同分为：生理盐水组、器官保存液组、不添加聚乙二醇的保存液组、20聚乙二醇1,10,30 g/L和35聚乙二醇1,10,30 g/L组。 主要观察指标：室温下通过魏氏法检测红细胞沉降率、自动血液流变仪检测血液流变学指标、光镜观察红细胞聚集的形态学改变,分析聚乙二醇对人红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响。 结果：不含胶体的保存液对红细胞聚集无影响,含低浓度聚乙二醇的保存液对红细胞聚集性和血液流变学的影响较小,器官保存液组、20聚乙二醇30 g/L,35聚乙二醇10 g/L和35聚乙二醇30 g/L的保存液则可显著加快红细胞沉降率,降低红细胞变形能力,引起红细胞明显聚集。 结论：器官保存液中的聚乙二醇可引起红细胞聚集,降低红细胞变形能力,其相对分子质量越大,浓度越高,促进红细胞聚集的作用越明显,对血液流变学的影响越大。     

金银花超微粉体不同极性部位的指纹图谱及其与抑菌活性相关性研究

目的建立金银花超微粉体不同极性部位的指纹图谱,并研究其与抑菌活性的相关性。方法采用系统溶剂提取法得到6个不同极性部位,分别采用HPLC法进行测定,同时选择体外抑菌药理指标进行活性测定;用多元线性回归分析揭示化学信息与抑菌指标的相关关系,寻找与药理指标密切相关的物质群。结果确定以醋酸乙酯提取部位的HPLC指纹图谱来制定金银花的抑菌活性指纹图谱。结论应用该方法建立的金银花粉体的质量标准科学、合理、实用。     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

Objective To explore the clinical implication of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts in renal allograft recipients with severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods From February 2007 to June 2008, we investigated the variation of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts using flow cytometry in 28 cases of severe pulmonary infection 1 ～6 months after kidney transplantation (infection group), and 30 cases (control group) randomly selected that had stable situation and normal kidney function in the same period. Results CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission in infection group were significantly lower than in control group (184.1 ±117.5/μl vs. 518.6±232.7/μl, P<0.01 ). In infection group, 5 patients died and 4 of them had obviously declining trends of CD4+ T-cell counts during hospitalization course. Comparing to the day of admission, CD4+ T-cell counts of those survivors in infection group were significantly increased (184.1±117.5/μl vs. 406.5±163.9/μl, P<0.01) when infections were controlled. ROC analysis showed that CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission were accurate enough to identify who were susceptible to infection. In detail, the area under the curve (AUC) was 94.9% (P<0.01). CD4+ T-cell counts of 220/μl displayed the minimal misdiagnosis rate. Conclusions The variations of CD4+ T-cell counts are correlated to onset and progression of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Those who had CD4+ T-cell counts lower than 220/μl were at high risk of pulmonary infection. Direct measure and dynamic analysis of CD4+ T-cell subset have an important role in optimizing treatment and predicting prognosis of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation.