从升清降浊法论治胃食管反流病的理论探讨

[目的]探寻胃食管反流病从升清降浊法论治的理论依据及运用要点.[方法]结合历代中医文献的相关记述,及临床常用治疗方法和治疗效果,对胃食管反流病的病因病机进行辨析,并提出新的治法及注意事项.[结果]以往认为,胃食管反流病病位在食管,以胃气上逆为根本病机,治疗多以和胃降逆为大法,但却易反复发作.笔者认为,胃失和降,气机升降失常是本病的根本痛机,治疗当遵循“治中焦如衡,非平不安”中“平”的理论基础,在和胃降逆的同时,更要随证兼用升清之药物以双管齐下,使中焦得和,升降复常,则疾病可除.[结论]从升清降浊法论治胃食管反流病具有坚实的理论基础和临床指导意义,升清降浊法主要是调理脾胃之枢机,治脾要注意升阳,治胃要注意降逆,升涛与降浊同用,收效方著.     

脾升胃降学说在治疗脾胃病中的应用

气机升降是生命存在的基础,“生死之机.升降而已”。它具体地反映了机体生理活动,病理变化的基本形式。正如《医学求是》指出“明呼脏腑阴阳升降之理.凡病皆得其要领”。而脾胃升降又在整个气机升降运动中占非常重要地位,脾胃居中焦,是气机升降的枢纽,气血生化之源,也是一切气机升降的根本。因此,调理脾升胃降是治疗胃病的一个主要方面。调理脾升胃降之大法,内经指出:“病在上者,取之于下,病在下者,取之于上”,“高者仰之,下者举之”,通过疏其气血,调和阴阳,祛其邪恶,复其脾胃升降之序,以达到补其不足,助升运和降,纠其反作,以举陷降逆,辛甘升脾,苦酸降胃之法,具体为:     

运用“和”思想治疗胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病的病理关键为脏腑"气机失和",病位在食管与胃,和肝、脾、肺的关系密切,主因情志不遂、酒食不节、素体胆病、久病体虚等各种失"和"因素而引起的中焦气机逆乱,脾气不升,胃失和降,气机上逆所致。故其治疗应以"和"思想为指导,立足于疏肝理气、健脾和胃、宣发肃降的治疗原则,以平降逆气为主,同时佐以升气药,升降并举,纠正患者的失"和"状态,使气机升降出入有序,以达治病求本的目的。     

董建华胃病治验

胃痞壅滞,主用通降,慎用开破 胃痞是指胃脘部痞塞满闷、疼痛、嘈杂、纳少,大便或干或稀的一种病证,其病位在胃,与肝、脾关系密切.生理上,胃主通降,以降为顺;肝主疏泄,调畅气机;脾主升清,以升为健.若脾失健运,胃失和降,肝气郁结,疏泄不利,均可直接影响气机的通畅,三者相互影响,互为因果.如木郁不能疏土,可致肝胃不和或肝脾不调:脾不升清,胃不和降,则升降气机痞塞,或逆乱失常,导致气滞中满;脾胃不和,则木可侮之,使气机乖常而生痞满.     

肝脾建中思想及临床应用

肝、胆、脾、胃等相关脏腑理论是中医藏象学说的重要组成部分。肝脾同居中焦,关系密切,在结构上相互靠近,在生理上息息相关,在病理上紧密勾连。中焦为后天之本,气血生化之源,气机升降之枢。“肝脾建中”理论强调,辨治疑难杂病当从中焦出发,将肝脾作为一个整体,治脾不忘肝,调肝不忘脾,肝脾同治,以期达到中焦如衡的状态。     

浅谈“郁证”临床辨治体会

郁证,是由于情志拂郁,气机郁滞所引起的一类病症.其主要的病机是肝脏疏泄功能失常.所谓“郁”者乃滞而不通之意.正如《丹溪心法·六郁》中所说:“气血冲和,百病不生,一有拂郁,诸病生焉”.《寿世保元·郁证》中亦指出“夫郁者,结聚不得发越也,当升者不得升,当降者不得降……六郁之病见矣.”     

著名中医李永寿疏调肝木法诊治经验

介绍李永寿教授疏调肝木法治疗脾胃气机升降的经验。李永寿教授认为肝主疏泄,脾胃是人体气机之枢纽,脾升胃降,中焦气机顺畅,肝气宣达,脾胃升降和顺;肝藏血,主疏泄,厥阴通过任脉与胞宫相连,司血海,调胞脉,肝主冲脉,致月经不调;情志不遂致情志抑郁或心烦易怒。以"疏调肝木、气机和畅、脏腑自安"为基本治疗原则,再根据临床辨证的不同加减,常用"疏肝解郁和胃、疏肝理气化痰、平肝降逆止呕、抑肝扶脾止痛、培土抑木止泻、疏肝益气健脾、滋阴疏肝和胃、疏肝除湿散满、清肝散郁和胃、化瘀疏肝和络、疏肝涤痰安神、疏肝理气利水法"治疗肝木不调诸病,临床效果良好。     

谢晶日以土木升降相因理论治疗胆石症经验

[目的] 探究谢晶日教授治疗胆石症的临床经验。[方法] 通过门诊跟师学习,收集整理医案,对谢师治疗胆石症的理论基础、辨证特点和用药经验的独特之处进行总结,并附验案一则加以佐证。[结果] 谢师认为,胆石症的病机以肝郁脾虚为本,湿热互结为因,胆腑瘀阻为标,并首次提出了“土木升降相因”理论,主张升发肝脾之气,和降胆胃之气,脾胃肝胆升降有序,则气机运转通畅,中焦生机不息,结石无由以生。临证时以升发肝脾、和降胆胃为纲,标本兼治,以复土木之升降;针对兼症,灵活采用利湿、化瘀等法。所举医案患者症状反复发作,为胆胀肝郁气滞兼相火炽盛证,治以疏肝行气、利胆通腑之法,临床症状好转,复查超声结石基本消失。[结论] 谢师治疗胆石症注重肝脾同调,遣方用药灵活多变,疗效显著,其经验值得学习和推广。     

朱凌云治疗难治性胃食管反流病

朱凌云主任医师认为,难治性胃食管反流病总以"气机失调"为要。虽病位在胃、食管,但与肺脾关系密切。病机主要为脾失健运,肺胃不降。脾运无力则升降无常,肺胃不降则浊气上逆,致使津液、食物、痰湿随逆乱而上乘,浸淫食管而发,"治中焦如衡,非平不安",临证并强调选用降气之枇杷叶,配伍有升提作用的桔梗主要药对,以平调气机,调整中焦逆乱之气机。预防和调护亦尤为关键。     

黄元御“中气轮转”思想及其遣方用药特点浅析

清代名医黄元御创立了中气升降理论。心火上炎宜清降,肺金上逆宜肃降,赖乎胃土之右转;肾水下寒宜温暖,肝木下陷宜升达,藉于脾土之左旋。治疗上强调执中培土,升脾陷而降胃逆。脾胃之升降,即调达阴阳之升降,亦即推运四维肝心肺肾,气血精神之轮转。因此多从扶阳抑阴入手,处处以顾护阳气为先,用药擅培土泻湿、暖脾温肾、疏木清风、降胃敛肺,喜温热而远苦寒,多用甘草、干姜、桂枝、茯苓等药。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.