Proteases and their inhibitors as prognostic factors for high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies, but only very few prognostic biomarkers are known. The degradome, comprising proteases, protease non-proteolytic homologues and inhibitors, have been involved in the prognosis of many cancer types, including ovarian carcinoma. The prognostic significance of the whole degradome family has not been specifically studied in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. A targeted DNA microarray known as the CLIP-CHIP microarray was used to identify potential prognostic factors in ten high-grade serous ovarian cancer women who had early recurrence (<1.6 years) or late/no recurrence after first line surgery and chemotherapy. In women with early recurrence, we identified seven upregulated genes (TMPRSS4, MASP1/3, SPC18, PSMB1, IGFBP2, CFI – encoding Complement Factor I – and MMP9) and one down-regulated gene (ADAM-10). Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the prognostic effect of these 8 candidate genes in an independent cohort of 112 high-grade serous ovarian cancer women. Outcomes were progression, defined according to CA-125 criteria, and death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were done to estimate the associations between each protein and each outcome. High ADAM-10 expression (intensity of 2–3) was associated with a lower risk of progression (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.87). High complement factor I expression (intensity 2–3) was associated with a higher risk of progression (adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17–4.53) and death (adjusted HR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.72–6.79). Overall, we identified the prognostic value of two proteases, ADAM-10 and complement factor I, for high-grade serous ovarian cancer which could have clinical significance.     

非那雄胺在慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者中的应用

目的评估非那雄胺治疗慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)的有效性及安全性。方法选取2017年3月至2019年6月在本院确诊的慢性CSC患者31例40眼,采用单臂试验对患者进行非那雄胺治疗。使用非那雄胺治疗后6个月,对患者的视网膜神经上皮层(retinal neuroepithelial layer,RNL)下积液状况,ETDRS视力以及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central foveal thickness,CFT)进行检查。结果非那雄胺治疗后1个月,有10眼(25.0%)RNL下积液完全消退。持续治疗2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月,分别有7眼(17.5%)、6眼(15.0%)、7眼(17.5%)、3眼(7.5%)及3眼(7.5%)RNL下积液消退,仅有4眼(10.0%)在治疗后6个月RNL下积液仍存在。患眼EDTRS视力非那雄胺治疗后1个月为(50.00±16.11)个字母,与治疗前(46.16±16.67)个字母差异无统计学意义(P=0.2213);治疗后2个月(53.39±14.67)个字母,较治疗前显著升高(P=0.0003);治疗后3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月,分别为(57.39±12.76)个字母、(58.52±12.39)个字母、(59.13±10.76)个字母及(60.42±10.96)个字母,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.0001)。而患眼CFT自治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月分别为(274.10±22.74)μm、(273.00±17.22)μm、(263.50±12.81)μm、(263.90±10.62)μm、(259.70±12.48)μm及(252.60±11.00)μm,与治疗前(296.60±35.41)μm相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。所有患者均无服药后身体不适或并发症发生。结论非那雄胺对于慢性CSC的治疗安全且有效,有望成为慢性CSC的治疗选择。     

Primary papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of broad ligament

A rare case of an advanced primary broad ligament carcinoma is discussed, with a review of the literature regarding its incidence, presentation and management. This patient showed a complete response to adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy following panhysterectomy and is presently without any evidence of disease, 15 months after completion of her treatment.     

36例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的临床分析

目的：探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗。方法：对1998年6月至2006年9月瑞金医院收治的36例病理诊断为胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤好发于中老年女性,多见于胰腺头颈部,无特征性临床表现。B超和CT诊断囊性肿瘤的正确率分别为69%（25/36）和94%（34/36）。CT对于囊腺瘤的诊断正确率为80%（29/36）,对浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断正确率为61%（22/36）。在不能排除或考虑实性假乳头状瘤的病人中MRI对于囊腺瘤的诊断正确率80%（4/5）。本组35例行手术治疗,其中7例行胰十二指肠切除;11例行胰腺节段切除;12例行胰体尾切除;5例行局部切除,1例行剖腹探查活组织检查。10例术后出现并发症,包括胰瘘、内出血、幽门梗阻、胰腺假性囊肿合并肠瘘病人及不同程度的胸腔积液。1例因内出血死亡。本组3例失访,32例获随访,除2例因其它疾病死亡,其余均健在,术后无复发。结论：CT和MRI,结合肿瘤学指标和临床病理特征可大大提高浆液性囊腺瘤的术前诊断率。浆液性囊腺瘤是一种良性的肿瘤,但手术治疗并发症较多。大多数浆液性囊腺瘤可考虑随访;有症状的胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤,或与黏液性囊性肿瘤不能鉴别者,应手术治疗。     

女性腹膜原发癌临床病理分析

目的：分析12例女性腹膜原发癌(FPCP)(10例浆液癌、1例黏液癌、1例子宫内膜样癌)的临床病理及免疫组化特征，以引起临床医师重视。方法：复习我院1992至2002年间12例FPCP患者临床资料及病理切片，收集随访资料，记录大体标本所见，调出全部蜡块重新切片，并行PAS染色及细胞角蛋白(CK)7、CK20、ER、PR、牛血清清蛋白100(S-100)、卵巢癌抗原(CA)125、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CD15免疫组化染色。结果：12例患者年龄在32—67(平均48.75)岁，10／11例患者血CA125明显增高。组化及免疫组化染色示阳性者：PAS为7／11，CK7为10／11，CK20为10／11，CD15为11／11，S-100为8／11，CA125为6／11，CEA为6／11，ER为4／11，PR为2／11。黏液性腹膜癌预后极差，其余类型与卵巢原发性上皮癌相似。结论：女性FPCP被认为起源于中肾旁管(Muller管)，组织学上与同类型的卵巢癌一致，在排除卵巢原发癌的基础上可作出诊断，免疫组化有助于区分女性FPCP、腹膜间皮瘤和卵巢原发癌。本病预后差。     

氩激光治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变

应用氩绿激光光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变36例41只眼。结果视力≥1.0者从术前的17.1％增加到术后的63.5％,而视力≤0.6者从术前的61％降低到术后14.6％,术后1周至1月,多数患眼视网膜下液全部吸收,部分患眼中心凹反光重显。结果还显示术后视力与病程长短有关,但术后视力与渗漏点的方位、渗漏点中心凹距离以及神经上皮脱离的大小无关。     

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion The relationship between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME) is uncertain and the aetiology of OME is multifactorial. Otitis media with effusion may be an inflammatory condition; both bacteria and viral infections could play a part in this inflammation. The four bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus and Branhamella catarrhalis cause 60% of the infections whereas S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 35%. IgA provides the dominant surface response to polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antigens, of which IgA₂ is the main subclass. Once the mucosa has been breached, most protection is provided by IgG. IgG₂ acts mainly against bacterial capsular antigens. This study looked at two groups of 50 children with and without OME who were aged between 3 and 10 years. The aims were to determine if, firstly, the levels of the serum immunoglobulins were different in the two groups, secondly whether these children made the appropriate antibody response to the capsular antigen to S. pneumoniae (PCP), and finally if there was a delay in the maturity of the IgA response. The total IgG, IgA and all subclass levels were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Levels of functional IgA and IgG were measured using ELISAs (25 patients in each group). The results were analysed with non‐parametric tests. The immunoglobulin levels were within the normal levels for both groups. There were very good correlations between the IgG total anti‐PCP and the IgG₂ anti‐PCP (R > 0.9, p = 0.001). There was a good correlation between the levels of both IgG total and IgG₂ anti‐PCP against IgA total anti‐PCP in both groups (R > 0.85, p > 0.01). This confirms a normal antibody response between both groups of patients. The ages of the controls and patients (50 samples) were correlated with increasing titres of circulating functional antibodies (P = 0.001). This is highly suggestive of a normal age‐related response. In conclusion, the findings were contradictory to our original hypothesis that there is a subtle difference in surface protection between children with and without OME. We believe that a previous history of recurrent acute otitis media is unrelated to the development of OME after 3 years of age.     

Depressed host immunity in a case of metachronous primary uterine papillary serous carcinoma and non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma

Metachronous primary malignant tumors of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are rare. UPSC is a clinically aggressive and morphologically distinctive variant of endometrial carcinoma. We describe the clinical features of a 63-year-old patient with UPSC that was found 2 years after chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma of neck, stage IV and 5 months after radiation therapy for recurrence. This patient had undergone staging surgery and postoperative radiation for UPSC. One month after completion of radiotherapy, the patient expired due to persistence of the disease. The association between host immunity and UPSC is rarely described in the literature. Immunological profiles of this patient, with compositional changes of natural killer, B, and T cell, dramatically altered the percentage of CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell, and CD4/CD8 ratio, signifying depressed host immunity. Immunological profile of this patient stressed the issue of depressed host immunity and associated malignancies.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的PERG．PVEP

用自制的银氯化银钩形电极记录PERG,同步记录PVEP,对照组各波潜伏时,波幅与国外报告结果近似。中浆患眼40%P_m波下降,且与视力下降相关(r>r.05)。b波下降者仅15%,与视力不相关。两者反应的不同,提示PERG较少受外层视网膜病变的影响,能够直接反映内层视网膜的机能状态。但P_m波延迟者,b波多不延迟,未能证明视网膜内传导迟滞。     

Primary peritoneal carcinoma in a UK cancer center: comparison with advanced ovarian carcinoma over a 5-year period

Abstract.   Jaaback KS, Ludeman L, Clayton NL, Hirschowitz L. Primary peritoneal carcinoma in a UK cancer center: comparison with advanced ovarian carcinoma over a 5-year period. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(Suppl. 1): 123–128.
The relative incidence of primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPCa) and advanced (FIGO stage III or IV) ovarian serous carcinoma (AOSCa) was assessed over 5 years at a UK cancer center, and the sociodemographic, clinical, and survival data were compared. There were 23 women with PPCa and 55 with AOSCa. The ratio of PPCa:AOSCa was higher than previously reported. No statistical difference was found between the two groups with regard to age (mean 64.43 vs 64.07 years, P = 0.9), parity (1.6 vs 1.8, P = 1.0), personal/family history of another malignancy (although five patients with AOSCa but none with PPCa had personal histories of breast cancer), or serum CA125, CA19.9, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Similar numbers in both groups had malignant ascites, although 5.8% of patients with AOSCa but none with PPCa had negative cytology. Tumor grade, stage, treatment, and survival were similar (median 586 vs 641 days, P = 0.66). This analysis of the largest published UK series of patients with PPCa does not support previous reports that patients with PPCa are older than those with AOSCa and have a worse prognosis; it suggests that both groups have similar sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and survival.