Enhanced heat shock protein 25 immunoreactivity in cranial nerve motoneurons and their related fiber tracts in rats prenatally‐exposed to X‐irradiation

Alterations in histoarchitecture of the brainstem were examined immunohistochemically in 4‐week‐old rats with a single whole body X‐irradiation at a dose of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 Gy on embryonic day (ED) 15 using anti‐heat shock protein 25 (HSP25). HSP25 immunostaining was seen in the neuronal perikarya of cranial nerve motoneurons, that is, the motor and mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, facial nucleus, abducens nucleus and accessory facial nucleus in the pons, and the ambiguous nucleus, dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve and hypoglossus nucleus in the medulla oblongata of intact controls. In 0.5 to 1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats, HSP25 immunostaining in those neurons was more intense than in controls, while the most intense immunostaining was marked in 1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats. HSP25 immunostaining was also apparent in the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve tracts in 0.5 to 1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats, but was faint in controls. Interestingly, HSP25 immunostaining was aberrantly enhanced in dendritic arbors in the magnocellular region of medial vestibular nucleus of 0.5–1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats. Those arbors were identified as excitatory secondary vestibulo‐ocular neurons by double immunofluorescence for HSP25 and SMI‐32. The results suggest an increase of HSP25 expression in cranial nerve motoneurons and their related fiber tracts from prenatal exposure to ionizing irradiation. This may be an adaptive response to chronic hypoxia due to malformed brain arteries caused by prenatal ionizing irradiation.     

口腔扁平苔藓浸润细胞免疫组化分析

为探讨免疫应答在扁平苔藓发病过程中的作用及相互关系，本研究中应用ABC技术，用T3、T4、T8、IgG单抗及S－100蛋白标记病损已浸润细胞。结果表明：病损区以细胞免疫为主，淋巴细胞数量与上皮钉突的增殖程度呈正相关；病损区中郎罕氏细胞明显偏高；基底膜区损害与T细胞数量呈正相关；IgG阳性细胞散在分布于病损区，其阳性物质在基底膜区沉积。提示该疾病以细胞免疫为主，同时有体液免疫应答的参与。     

颐脑解郁方对脑卒中后抑郁状态模型大鼠脑内GFAP、BDNF、bFGF的影响

目的研究颐脑解郁方对脑卒中后抑郁模型大鼠脑内胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)表达的影响.方法采用去脑皮层血管结合孤养法及慢性应激造成脑卒中后抑郁大鼠模型,灌胃给药,取脑,进行免疫组化测试.结果颐脑解郁方能够明显增强模型大鼠脑皮层及海马内的GFAP、BDNF及bFGF的表达.结论颐脑解郁方通过增强模型大鼠脑内GFAP、BDNF及bFGF的表达,促进5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)的功能,从而改善抑郁症状.     

膀胱尿路上皮癌MRP-1/CD9和cyclinD1的表达与肿瘤生物学行为的关系

目的:探讨MRP-1/CD9和cyclinD1的表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌生物学行为的关系。方法:应用免疫组化法检测80例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织和12例正常对照组膀胱组织MRP-1/CD9和cyclinD1的表达情况。结果:MRP-1/CD9阳性表达率膀胱癌组为51.25%,对照组为91.11%(P<0.05);Ta～T1肿瘤阳性表达率为71.42%,T2～T4为35.56%;G1肿瘤阳性表达率为78.57%,G2为43.48%,G3为31.03%,随着肿瘤浸润性和分级上升,阳性表达率逐渐下降(P<0.01,P<0.05);MRP-1/CD9阳性表达率肿瘤初发和复发者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肿瘤单发者高于多发者(P<0.05)。膀胱尿路上皮癌cyclinD1阳性表达率为53.75%,对照组为0(P<0.01);Ta～T1肿瘤阳性表达率为78.57%,T2～T4为17.65%;G1肿瘤阳性表达率为85.71%,G2为56.52%,G3为20.69%,随着肿瘤浸润性和分级升高,cyclinD1阳性表达率逐渐降低(P<0.05,P<0.05)。cyclinD1阳性表达率肿瘤初发和复发者、多发者和单发者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,P>0.05)。结论:MRP-1/CD9表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌的浸润性和分级相关,其表达缺失可能是判断该肿瘤预后的一个指标;cy-clinD1较能准确地评估膀胱尿路上皮癌的生物学行为,二者对于判断膀胱癌的预后有重要的临床意义     

A comparative immunohistochemical study of spontaneous and chemically induced pheochromocytomas in B6C3F1 mice

Spontaneously occurring and chemically induced pheochromocytomas are rare in mice. That the mouse pheochromocytoma is a more appropriate animal model than that of the rat for study of human medullary adrenal tumors has been suggested. The expression of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme responsible for production of epinephrine from norepinephrine, is common to both mouse and human pheochromocytomas. This investigation assessed the expression of the immunohistochemical markers PNMT, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and chromogranin A (CGA) in spontaneously occurring and chemically induced pheochromocytomas in the B6C3F1 mouse. Spontaneous tumors were derived from control animals from 10 different studies and the pheochromocytomas from treated groups from 4 different studies. All tumors were positive for maximal TH expression. A highly significant difference in PNMT expression (p<0.01) occurred between spontaneously occurring pheochromocytomas classified as benign or “malignant” by the criteria of toxicologic pathology. Chemically induced tumors showed intermediate PNMT staining. A marked reduction in CGA expression occurred in pheochromocytomas induced by technical grade pentachlorophenol, compared to the other three chemicals and the spontaneously occurring tumors. These findings suggest that immunohistochemistry is a reliable tool in investigating the functional capabilities of pheochromocytomas in mice. PNMT expression is a tightly regulated component of the chromaffin cell phenotype and appears to be readily lost in mouse pheochromocytomas, particularly those with aggressive characteristics.     

The expression and prognostic relevance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Conclusion IDO might be useful for predicting progression of primary tumor stage T2 and T3 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), but does not seem like a specific biomarker for diagnosing TSCC and predicting patient survival. Objectives Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is expressed in many cells and it catabolises the essential amino acid tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO acts as an immune modulator through suppression of T-cell immunity and other pathways. In cancer cells, IDO has been proposed to promote tumor progression by enabling malignant cells to escape from the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association and prognostic relevance of IDO expression in TSCC. Method One hundred and eight retrospective tongue and lymph node specimens were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibody anti-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The relative abundance of IDO positive epithelial cells, IDO staining intensity, and inflammation were assessed semi-quantitatively with light microscopy. Results IDO was expressed stronger in tongue hyperplasia than in TSCC. However, IDO expression associated with poor survival in the sub-groups with primary tumor stage T2–T4 and in the sub-group with strong inflammation in tumors’ invasive front.     

不同组织中前列腺干细胞抗原的表达分析

目的 研究不同组织中前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)的表达水平。方法 运用免疫组化S-P法及自身制备的抗PSCA单抗检测组织中PSCA的表达水平。结果 抗PSCA单抗与前列腺癌组织及少许膀胱癌组织呈阳性反应，与正常前列腺组织、前列腺增生症及前列腺外组织均呈阴性反应。结论 前列腺干细胞抗原具有较高的前列腺组织特异性，是前列腺癌免疫治疗最有意义的靶蛋白。     

肺炎性假瘤的临床病理分析

目的：为提高对肺炎性假瘤的认识及诊治水平，探讨肺炎性假瘤的病理特片。方法：对26例手术切除并经病理证实的炎性假瘤，应用免疫组化LSAB法，进行了5种抗体（Vim、LCA、KP－1、AE1／AE3及VS38－C）的检测。将检测结果与常规病理和临床资料进行分析。结果：HE染色瘤体中淋巴细胞比例与LCA阳性率、组织细胞比例与瘤体间质中KP－1阳性率基本吻合（分别有1例出现轻微差异）。浆细胞数与VS38－C的阳性表达率间存在着明显的差异，除1例阳性表达外，所有浆细胞对VS38－C均无反应。Vim在2例瘤体间质中呈轻度阳性表达。AE1／AE3在瘤组织中呈现不均匀分布，阳性率平均为＋。结论：炎性假瘤与肺癌在影像学上难以鉴别；经检测炎性假瘤中的浆细胞可能多数来自淋巴细胞；假瘤癌变者应系瘤体中残存肺泡上皮和支气管上皮恶变；进一步确立了炎性假瘤应手术切除。     

膀胱移行细胞癌与突变型P^53蛋白表达的研究

对５１例膀胱移行细胞癌，９例正常膀胱粘膜及８例膀胱慢性炎组织，应用抗Ｐ５３蛋白单克隆抗体进行Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组化染色。结果表明：非癌组织均无Ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达，膀胱移行细胞癌阳性表达率为４９．０２％，且随分化程度的不同，阳性表达率有差异，０～Ⅰ级癌Ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达率为１９．０５％，Ⅱ～Ⅲ级癌Ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达率为７０．００％，两者之间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此外，有淋巴结转移的移行细胞癌（Ｐ５３癌基因蛋白阳性表达率为６９．５％）与无淋巴结癌转移者（Ｐ５３癌基因蛋白阳性表达率为３２．１４％）两组之间差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果提示检测Ｐ５３癌基因蛋白的表达情况可能成为膀胱移行细胞癌分级、估计淋巴结转移及预后的一项重要参考指标     

Clinical presentation,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy indicate neurofibromatosis type 2‐associated gliomas to be spinal ependymomas

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a hereditary tumor syndrome. The hallmark of NF2 is bilateral vestibular schwannoma. In addition, glioma is one of the diagnostic criteria of NF2. In this retrospective study the clinical presentation and histopathological features of 12 spinal gliomas from NF2 patients were assessed. Ten tumors were previously diagnosed as ependymomas and two as astrocytomas. However, upon re‐evaluation both astrocytomas expressed epithelial membrane antigen in a dot‐like fashion and in one case it was possible to perform electron microscopy revealing junctional complexes and cilia typical for ependymoma. The findings suggest that NF2‐associated spinal gliomas are ependymomas. Based on the fact that NF2‐associated gliomas are almost exclusively spinal and that no NF2 mutations have been found in sporadic cerebral gliomas, we suggest that “glioma” in the current diagnostic criteria for NF2 should be specified as “spinal ependymoma”.