某设备所致脉冲X射线辐射场测量与防护评价

目的 了解某设备实验条件下不同位置脉冲X射线电离辐射水平，提出适当的防护建议。方法 采用热释光测量方法，分别在设备舱周围不同方向不同距离布放热释光剂量计，累积一定数量脉冲辐射后进行测量；采用电离室型X、γ剂量率仪（FJ-347A）实时测量工作状态下不同距离处电离辐射剂量率水平。依据《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》（GB18871—2002）规定的职业照射人员和公众个人剂量限值提出不同工作位辐射防护建议。结果 热释光剂量计累计接收3 000个脉冲辐射，设备舱外壁0.01～8.98 mGy，顶部0.01～15.67 mGy，距外壁1～12 m之间0.01～2.18 mGy，工作位0 mGy。工作状态下，X射线剂量率仪测得距设备舱外侧壁1～20 m之间空气比释动能率范围0.26～16 mGy/h。结论 热释光剂量计、电离室型剂量率仪测量结果基本一致，说明两种方法均可用于脉冲X射线测量；工作状态下设备舱外近距离处辐射剂量率较高，可通过采取防护措施或者限制人员工作量以满足辐射防护要求。     

腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝治疗多囊卵巢不孕症的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝对多囊卵巢不孕症的治疗价值。方法１５１例腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝术（实验组）和１５１例开腹卵巢楔切术（对照组）治疗多囊卵巢不孕症配对对比研究。结果实验组的手术时间３３．１±７．２ｍｉｎ，术中失血１５．６±４．７ｍｌ，总排卵率９２．０５％，总妊娠率４９．６７％，均优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；术后雄激素、ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ下降幅度小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。随时间推移，两组术后排卵巢、妊娠率均有下降倾向，而术后雄激素、ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ则有逐渐回升的倾向。结论腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝术对多囊卵巢不孕症有较好的治疗效果     

脑络康缓释胶囊的制备工艺和体外释放度的研究

以羟丙甲基纤维素作为主要的缓释辅料,采用正交设计方法优化处方研制成脑络康缓释胶囊.以人参皂苷的累积释放量作为考察指标,按照<药典>规定的缓释制剂的释放度进行优选.结果:最佳的处方工艺即羟丙甲基纤维素216 mg,乙基纤维素24 mg,混合稀释剂132 mg,释放曲线符合Higuchi动力学模型.     

Influence of rate of administration of raclopride on akathisia and prolactin response

The D₂-dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride was administered to eight healthy male subjects, who had previously experienced akathisia following antipsychotic drugs. The influence of administration rate on onset, severity and duration of akathisia and on prolactin response was studied. Raclopride 3,5 or 9 mg or placebo (P) was administered as single IV infusions during 10 min (R10 min/3 mg), 1 h (R1h/5 mg) or 4 h (R4h/9 mg) according to a randomized double-blind design. Despite a 24-fold difference in administration rate a similar peak raclopride concentration of about 350 nmol/l was obtained after all three infusions. Three of the eight subjects experienced akathisia following R10 min/3 mg and R1h/5 mg, respectively. After R4h/9 mg seven subjects experienced akathisia of longer duration but not more severe than after the short infusions. The incidence and duration of akathisia seem to be mainly related to the plasma raclopride concentrations over time, whereas the rate of administration might be more important for the severity. A maximal prolactin response was induced which was not markedly affected by the rate of administration.     

32578例住院患者医院感染调查分析

目的　了解我院住院患者医院感染发病率。方法　对我院 2 0 0 2年 32 5 78例住院患者进行调查。结果　 5 48例发生医院感染 (1.6 8%) ,最高科室为 9.79%,以下呼吸道最常见 (37.79%)。检出病原菌 184株 ,以革兰阴性菌为主 (49.46 %) ,多为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。前者对常用抗菌药物耐药率均 >5 0 %,对亚胺培南的耐药率为 81.82 %。结论　加强重点易感区域的监测、细菌的耐药性监测和培训教育 ,以更有效的预防和控制医院感染。     

通过三年资料实证医院检验科常规项目全成本

目的弄清医院常规检验项目的实际成本,为医院及卫生主管部门进行科学管理和政府物价部门制订科学合理的收费价格体系提供科学依据。方法对某二级甲等医院检验科3年中所开展的全部7大类16个项目组169个检验项目的成本按耗材、设备折旧、劳务费、房屋折旧、业务费与后勤管理费共5大类进行实证分析。结果该科的成本构成比是:耗材成本34.1%、设备折旧24.3%、劳务费30.0%、房屋折旧4.0%、业务费与后勤管理费7.6%;检验项目的每项次平均成本为7.17元;成本最低的两类检验项目是生化及定性免疫,其项次成本分别为3.18元和4.25元;最高的则为微生物和血库,项次成本分别为48.63元和35.21元;项次成本过百元的有7项,多为输血项目;5至10倍于平均成本的28项,2至5倍于全科平均成本的22项,其余112项介于全科平均成本上下。结论实证研究是准确掌握检验项目成本的有效方法。     

The effects of altering time delays of coupled pacing during acute atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Coupled pacing (CP), which consists of delivering a premature electrical stimulation to the heart after the effective refractory period of ventricular activation, is a novel method for controlling ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation (AF). It also has been established that CP improves pump function by enhancing external cardiac work and myocardial efficiency. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine if two time delays for CP (short and long) would result in similar improvements in ventricular function. METHODS: In a canine model, we applied CP at two time delays (CP-S and CP-L) during two stages: sinus rhythm (SR) and acute AF. The cardiac responses to CP during SR served as the nontachycardic and nondepressed control. During both rhythms, we shortened the coupling interval until we obtained maximal contractility, designated CP-S. Next, we increased the delay until we started to see a measurable secondary contraction (left ventricular pressure development of approximately 20 mmHg). These longer delays were designated CP-L. RESULTS: Our results showed that the ventricular rate of intrinsic activation (VRIA) remained decreased despite prolongation of the time delay of CP during both AF and SR. Also, both delays of CP increased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and dLVP/dt, which are indices of myocardial contractility. In contrast, CP increased external cardiac work only during AF. Prolonging this time delay did not markedly decrease the improvement in external cardiac work. Myocardial O(2) consumption (MVO(2)) did not significantly change as the result of CP during either SR or AF. Finally, myocardial efficiency improved during AF as the result of CP at both time delays. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, shorter time delays for CP increased contractile strength during both SR and AF. However, extending the time delay of CP had minimal effects on diminishing the improved ventricular pump function and energetics that resulted from CP during AF. Thus, the maximal enhancement of myocardial contractility via CP-S was not needed to maintain the improved ventricular function during acute AF when CP is applied.     

吸烟对大学生24h动态血压的影响

目的　探讨吸烟对大学生血压的形响。　方法　随机选择日吸烟量≥ 10支男性大学生 34例为吸烟组 ,不吸烟者 31例为不吸烟组 ,行 2 4h动态血压监测。　结果　吸烟组 2 4h、日间及夜间平均血压均高于不吸烟组 ,日间血压差异有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;2 4h血压显示吸烟组血压波动范围高于不吸烟组 ,分为差异有显著性、差异无显著性以及部分时段血压不稳定三个阶段 ;吸烟组吸烟时心率显著快于对照组。　结论　吸烟可致正常血压男性大学生血压升高心率加快 ,应采取有效措施禁止学生吸烟     

九洲港货运港区的鼠密度调查、及灭鼠效果观察

本文报道了1995年春对九洲港货运港区的鼠密度和灭鼠效果调查，结果鼠密度投药后(4．1％)比投药前(24．6％)有明显下降，灭鼠率达83．3％；根据九洲港货运港区鼠患情况，提出防鼠灭鼠建议。     

双氯灭痛药膜体外透皮速率的实验研究

作者选择乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇等高分子材料制成涂膜剂，用大鼠皮进行双氯灭痛药膜的体外透皮速率测定。结果表明，氮酮与丙二醇可以促进药物渗透。不同的高分子材料可影响药物的扩散与释放，从而影响其透皮速率。与无膜无促透剂处方相比，药物在乙基纤维素中的透皮速率没有增加，在聚乙烯醇膜中的透皮速率有显著增加。