强迫谱系障碍与第Ⅱ组代谢型谷氨酸受体相关候选基因位点的连锁分析

目的 了解代谢型谷氨酸受体mGlu2受体（mGluR2）基因、mGlu3受体（mGluR3）基因等与强迫谱系障碍（OCSDs）的连锁关系。方法 选取一个连续三代发病的强迫谱系障碍家系，采集到该家系中12个正常个体，8个受累个体的血样，选取mGluR2、mGluR3基因附近7对微卫星标记引物，采用两点和多点非参数分析的方法对该家系进行连锁分析。结果 7对微卫星标记位点的两点和多点非参数分析LOD值（NPL值），位于mGluR3基因附近的标记D7S644两点非参数分析NPL值为1．719（P=0．078），多点非参数分析NPL值为1．712（P=0．078），达到验证性连锁的阈值（NPL=1．2），但未达到提示性连锁的阕值（NPL=2．2），D7S2481两点非参数分析NPL值为0．628（P=0．179），多点非参数分析NPL值为0．852（P=0．141），接近验证性连锁的阈值，其余5对微卫星标记位点非参数分析NPL值均未达到验证性连锁的阈值。结论 提示mGluR3基因与OCSDs可能存在连锁关系，不能排除mGluR2基因与OCSDs的相关性。     

The positive automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ-P) and the automatic thoughts questionnaire—Revised (ATQ-RP): Equivalent measures of positive thinking?

We examined two recently developed measures of positive automatic thought, the Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-P) and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire—Revised (ATQ-RP). Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and convergent and discriminant validity were addressed. Two hundred one undergraduates completed self-report measures of positive automatic thoughts, negative automatic thoughts, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and positive affectivity. The ATQ-P and ATQ-RP both showed high internal consistency, strong negative associations with depressive symptoms, specificity to depressive symptoms rather than anxiety symptoms, an average state-of-mind (SOM) ratio in the positive dialogue range, and a stronger relation with each other than with a measure of positive affectivity. The only notable difference between the measures was a significantly lower mean score (correcting for number of items) on the ATQ-RP. This paper is based on a thesis completed by the first author, under the supervision of the second author, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree at American University. We are grateful to thesis committee members Lorah Dorn and Jim Gray for feedback on this material.     

CT定位及多靶点组合治疗强迫症临床研究

目的 研究多靶点组合对强迫症的治疗作用.方法 采用立体定向方法,运用CT定位和多靶点组合,射频热凝治疗强迫症例.采用Yale-Brown强迫症量表、Hamilton抑郁、焦虑量表对照评估.结果 42例强迫症中显效 25 例,进步 12 例.结论 双侧扣带回 双侧内囊前肢多靶点组合治疗难治性精神病的强迫症有明显的治疗作用.     

强迫症的局部脑血流动态显像研究

目的　探讨强迫症患者各脑叶的代谢状态及脑功能异常与其发病的关系。　　方法　采用单光子发射计算机扫描 (SPECT)技术 ,对未服药的 2 2例强迫症患者于静息及症状诱发状态下行局部脑血流 (rCBF)动态显像研究。　　结果　 1 8例有rCBF异常 ,表现为皮层内局限性放射性分布稀疏、缺损区 ,异常脑叶主要为顶叶、额叶、颞叶 ,并发现脑功能异常与强迫症状的严重程度及药物治疗反应有关。　　结论　大脑顶叶、额叶等脑叶的功能异常是部分强迫症发病的神经病理学基础     

Cognitive behaviour therapy approach to disputing automatic thoughts: a two-stage model

Research shows that clients with automatic thoughts (dysfunctional thinking) often do not think of alternative explanations in relation to negative events. Furthermore, these automatic thoughts are characterized by a broad global, self-evaluative and ambiguous nature that could make disputing (or changing the ways they think) the most difficult part of the therapeutic process. This paper proposes a two-stage practise-based disputing model, guided by research, that aims to 'bring' an automatic thought to a specific, objective, quantifiable and concrete level at which not only is the particular aspect(s) of the automatic thought that causes emotional disturbances finely focused, but the disputing is also likely to be effective and manageable. Furthermore, it will also generate alternative explanations that are helpful in reducing emotional disturbances and in facilitating problem solving approach. In this paper, the authors use a case example to discuss the rationale that underpins the conceptualization of the model and to illustrate the process in which the strategies of the model are effectively used.     

强迫症疾病行为的精神病理机制研究

目的对研究获得的强迫症疾病行为特征探索其精神病理学机制。方法以符合CCMD-Ⅱ的门诊强迫症患者50例为对象，选取非精神科病人50例组成对照，应用“强迫症疾病行为特征量表（OBPS）”，确定其有无强迫症疾病行为。同时调查研究组与对照组的人格特质、偶发事件、应对策略等方面，研究这些因素在疾病发生、发展中的作用。结果①研究组全部符合李一高量表的疾病行为特征，积分明显高于对照组（t=26．480，P〈0．01）；②强迫症患者人格当中的强迫质偏高，积分明显高于对照组（t=15．93，P〈0．01）；③研究组中绝大多数患者存在偶发事件，而对照组中偶发事件的发生率低于研究组（X^2=21．374，P〈0．01）；④应对策略特征方面研究组不成熟应对方式的应用明显多于对照组。结论强迫神经症形成中人格特质作为基础，偶发事件起到启动对“不完全的恐怖”，错误的应对策略不断强化病感，促进疾病形成。李一高强迫症疾病行为理论的3项内容，特征性的反映了强迫症的疾病行为。     

复发性抑郁患者的强迫症状及个性因素

目的探讨强迫症状对复发性抑郁障碍患者的影响以及复发性抑郁障碍患者个性因素分析。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),结合临床,对56例复发性抑郁障碍患者进行评定;采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对伴有强迫症状的复发性抑郁障碍患者42例与不伴强迫症状的复发性抑郁障碍患者14例进行对照研究。结果75%的患者伴有强迫症状,伴有强迫与无强迫患者相比EPQ的E分较低和N分较高,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论强迫症状是复发性抑郁障碍的一个重要的危险因素,人格因素中内向和神经质与强迫症状有关。     

面向行业需求的中医药标准：发展现状与建设思考

在科学技术蓬勃发展的现代社会,标准建设在各行各业的必要性和重要性不断彰显,中医药标准建设则是推进中医药事业发展、促进中医药更好服务于人类健康的关键所在。伴随着国家政策支持及更多研究人员的关注,中医药标准建设工作已取得显著成效。紧跟标准改革的步伐,同时面向行业的需求,梳理了当前中医药行业标准研究与制定的概况,解析新时期下标准建设所面临的机遇与挑战及其不足,旨在为中医药标准引领行业高质量发展提供参考。     

我校医学检验系学生专业思想和在校成绩的调查分析

本文选取我校医学检验系93～96年级170余名本科在校学生作为调查研究对象(第一专业志愿与非第一专业志愿考生比例约为1:2),通过对这两部分学生专业志愿与在校专业思想,学习成绩及政治表现等综合素质方面的关系调查分析,结果表明：专业志愿不是影响学生专业思想、学习成绩和综合素质的主要因素,学生在校专业思想受在校教育和多种因素影响。提示招生录取新生时不应歧视非第一专业志愿考生。     

The relationship between parents’ cognitions,bedtime behaviours and sleep-related practices with their child's sleep

Certain parental cognitions about child sleep and bedtime behaviours used with their child have been linked to poorer child sleep. However, previous research has focused on mothers and explored only a limited range of sleep-related cognitions and practices. The present study investigated whether parental cognitions and sleep-related practices (both in connection with their own sleep and their child's sleep), alongside the bedtime behaviours used with their child were associated with and/or were predictive of their child's sleep. Mothers and fathers from 44 families (with a child aged 12–24 months) separately completed questionnaires reporting (i) their cognitions (about their own sleep and their child's sleep), (ii) sleep-related practices (used in connection with their own and their child's sleep) and (iii) bedtime behaviours used with their child. Child sleep was assessed through parental report and actigraphy. Both parents’ cognitions about their own sleep predicted cognitions about their child's sleep. Mothers’ own sleep-related practices predicted the types of practices they used with their child. Different patterns of maternal and paternal variables influenced parental perceptions of their child having a sleep problem. The present findings highlight the importance of including mothers and fathers in child sleep research. Parents’ dysfunctional cognitions (their own sleep) and broader sleep-related practices (their own and child sleep) should be considered when exploring influences on child sleep. Results have possible implications for targets of interventions for child sleep problems and also potential implications for theoretical models of child sleep.