股骨髁部骨折四种内固定方法的疗效比较

目的对股骨髁部骨折四种内固定方法的疗效进行比较分析,指导临床合理选择和应用。方法自2000年8月~2005年8月,对291例股骨髁部骨折分别应用“L”型髁钢板(LSCP)、动力髁螺钉(DCS)、逆行交锁髓内钉(GSCN)及微创内固定系统(LISS)的疗效进行回顾性比较分析,包括股骨髁上骨折143例和股骨髁间骨折75例。获随访218例,平均随访时间38·6个月(3~58个月)。按AO/OTA分类,A型(关节外骨折)143例,其中A2型80例,A3型63例;C型(完全关节内骨折)75例,其中C2型37例,C3型38例。结果四种内固定方法的骨愈合率及HSS功能评定结果分布有统计学差异(P<0·05)。LISS组的骨愈合率及HSS功能评定优秀结果分布最高,而LSCP组骨愈合率及HSS功能评定优秀结果分布最低。最终所有骨不连患者经翻修后全部获得骨性愈合。结论微创内固定系统在治疗A3、C2及C3型股骨髁部骨折中,较其他内固定方法具有骨愈合率高和功能恢复满意等特点,值得临床推广应用。     

Ill-health as a household norm: Evidence from other people's health problems

This paper proposes that an individual's self-assessed health (SAH) does not only suffer from systematic reporting bias and adaptation bias but is also biased owing to confounding health norm effects. Using 13 waves of the British Household Panel Survey covering the period 1991–2005, I show that, while there is a negative and statistically significant correlation between SAH and individuals' own health problem index, this negative effect reduces with the average number of health problems per (other) family member. The relative health bias is small, however, which implies that measures of SAH may not suffer seriously from systematic health norm bias. This is an important finding for researchers working with SAH data as it indicates that we do not have to worry too much about controlling for confounding influences from the health of other household members when estimating SAH regression equations.     

多层螺旋CTA:不同重建方法在主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后的应用评价

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影不同重建方法在主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后的临床应用价值。材料与方法：46例主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后行多层螺旋CT血管造影，采用准直2.5mm，层厚3.0mm，螺距为6，重建方法为容积显示技术（volume rendering，VR）、表面阴影遮盖显示(shade surface display，SSD)及最大密度投影法（maximum intensity projection，MIP），并对三种方法进行比较。结果：46例中有1例术后内支架出现局限性断裂，VR及MIP均清晰显示了内支架的变化，SSD未能显示。1例内支架展开不良，三种重建方法均明确显示；6例术后出现渗漏，VR清晰显示渗漏的部位、形态及内漏量，MIP、SSD仅显示其中的5例，三者中以VR显示最佳。在显示支架内血流情况及瘤周血栓方面，VR能明确支架内有无血栓形成及腔内隔绝术后的转归变化，VR显示1例术后支架内血栓形成SSD及MIP未能显示。结论：多层螺旋CT能在较短时间内进行大范围的扫描，有利于主动脉病变的检查；VR图像优于SSD及MIP，能为术后内支架情况提供更多更准确的信息，VR技术应作为主动脉瘤内支架术后的首选三维重建方法。     

不同病因腹泻病儿肠道主要菌群变化的研究和比较

对８８例不同病因腹泻儿肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌的变化进行研究。对照组２５例。结果：研究组较对照组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌有显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５），大肠杆菌下降不明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）。非感染性腹泻组较感染性腹泻组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌下降更显著（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５），大肠杆菌下降不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。感染性腹泻组中，双歧杆菌在轮状病毒肠炎组中较急性菌痢下降更显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），而其它两种菌下降程度相差不明显（两者Ｐ＜０．０５）     

三种颈前路钢板重建对维持颈椎曲度和高度的比较

目的对3种不同颈椎前路钢板系统重建并维持颈椎融合节段曲度和高度的作用进行比较.方法 2002年1月～2004年6月,行颈前路减压,自体髂骨植骨,钢板内固定术122例;男85例,女37例,年龄14～70岁.根据采用Orion、Zephir、Codman 3种颈椎前路钢板系统分为A组37例、B组39例及C组46例.于术前、术后1周和随访时摄颈椎侧位X线片,测量融合节段的曲度和高度,并比较其变化及3组间差异.结果术后患者均获随访6～35个月,平均17.3个月.术后6个月3组患者术段颈椎均获骨性融合.且术后1周时颈椎融合节段曲度和高度较术前明显改善(P＜0.05),但最后1次随访时和术后1周比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 3种钢板系统均能有效重建并维持颈椎融合节段曲度和高度,近期效果优良.     

Die Durchblutung handgenähter und geklammerter Colonanastomosen

Zusammenfassung In einer tierexperimentellen Studie wurde die Durchblutung nach Anlage einer handgenähten und geklammerten End-zu-End-Anastomose am Schweinedickdarm verglichen. Bei keinem der 15 Tiere trat ein Nahtleck auf. Im Bereich handgeknoteter Fäden konnten einzelne umschriebene minderdurchblutete Gebiete festgestellt werden, die am 7. und 14. postoperativen Tag deutlich sichtbar wurden, wenn die Anastomosen vermehrt vascularisiert waren. Bei den Klammernähten wurden solche Ausfälle der Gewebsdurchblutung nicht gesehen. Die intramuralen Arterien zogen unbehindert durch die B-förmig gestalteten Klammern hindurch. Ein unauffälliges Gefäßmuster und eine abgeschlossene Anastomosenheilung wurden bei den Klammernähten nach 3 Wochen und bei Handnähten nach 4 Wochen beobachtet.

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Blood supply of stapled and sutured colonic anastomoses

Summary The blood supply of end-to-end staple and suture lines in the pig colon was compared. In 15 operated animals there was no anastomotic leak. Sporadic circumscribed areas of restricted circulation could be noticed in hand-sewn anastomoses. This effect was marked on the 7th and 14th postoperative day, when vascularisation of the anastomoses was increased. Such lack of vascular supply was not seen in stapled anastomoses. The intramural arteries passed through the B-shaped staples without hindrance. An unremarkable vascular pattern and a completed healing of the anastomoses were observed after 3 weeks in staple lines and after 4 weeks in suture lines.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. F. Stelzner zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Aktuelle Indikationen zur pyloruserhaltenden Duodenopankreaskopfresektion beim Malignom

Zusammenfassung Die Pankreaskopfresektion in der Modifikation nach Traverso-Longmire, mit Erhaltung eines funktionierenden Pylorus, hat gegenüber der Kausch-Whipple-Operation die Vorteile, daß Anastomosenulzera vermieden werden und daß die Patienten postoperativ eine bessere und schnellere Gewichtszunahme haben. Indikationen waren bisher die Papillenkarzinome und periampulare Tumoren. Bei den Adenokarzinomen lassen sich mit der Pyloruserhaltung gleich gute Überlebensraten erzielen. Unsere Ergebnisse von 56 Pyloruserhaltungen, davon 32 beim duktalen Karzinom und 28 Kausch-Whipple-Operationen in den Jahren von 1985–1993, belegen gleiche Überlebensraten, wie dies bereits für das Papillenkarzinom gezeigt werden konnte. Die Überlebenskurven zeigen, daß die Radikalität nicht von der Magenteilentfernung, sondern von der Resektion an den posterioren und retroperitonealen Resektionsrändern abhängt.

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Current indications for pylorus preservation in duodenopancreatic head resection in malignancies

The Whipple procedure has been improved by preservation of a functioning pylorus. A functioning pylorus is important because marginal ulceration is avoided and, compared to the standard Whipple procedure with gastric resection, more patients can gain weight postoperatively. The most common indications are carcinomas of ampulla of Vater and periampullary tumors. In patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma the pylorus-preserving variety results in equal or better survival rates. In 56 patients with pylorus preservation, 32 with ductal carcinoma, and 28 with Kausch-Whipple between 1985 and 1993, our results showed slightly better survival rates and better post-operative nutrition. The weakest aspect of the radical resection addresses the retroperitoneal margin of the pancreas head and not the gastric resection.

     

锥板式粘度计测定低切血液粘度方法的实验研究

我们用锥板式粘度计从低切到高切、从高切到低切、以及先在８０ｓ－１下旋转６０ｓ、静止１００ｓ、再从低切到高切三种方法，测定了Ｖｉｓｔｅｒ大白鼠在低切变率为５．７５－１时的血液粘度。组间对照显示，三种测法所得低切血液粘度之间无显著差异，表明这些方法均可用来测量低切血液粘度。从低切稳定性来看，第二种测法最好。就用粘度法反映红细胞聚集性而言，第一种测法比较合适。     

A pharmacokinetic approach to the establishment of biopharmaceutic characteristics of different acetylsalicylic acid formulations in man

Eleven acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) formulations were administered to 26 healthy volunteers in a cross-over design. The properties of the preparations differed from conventional, effervescent, buffered to buccal. The objectives of this study were:

• 1 Consideration of the general aspects of a biopharmaceutical study: which parameter for which biopharmaceutic characteristic?
• 2 Measurement of the kinetic parameters of ASA: first-pass effect, mean residence time, mean appearance time, total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution, half-lives, etc.
• 3 Comparison of the formulations.

Most of the formulations yield mean residence times for ASA of 0.3–1.0h, which do not differ significantly (p > 0.05). For most of the products the first-pass effect is about 40 per cent; the average values of the apparent volume of distribution and whole body clearance, corrected for the first-pass effect, are about 201 and 650 ml min^?1, respectively. Peak levels are reached slowly for the buccal formulations, and rapidly for the buffered products. It is difficult, especially for ASA, to characterize the gastro-intestinal absorption with pharmacokinetic model parameters, because the first-pass effect is large and often elimination of ASA is faster than absorption. The model-independent approach has the special advantages of calculating reliable pharmacokinetic parameters, and creating theoretical possibilities to characterize the absorption patterns of the different formulations in a quantitative way. No significant differences in the values of the parameters are found between most of the formulations. The ASA first-pass effect is reasonably constant and buccal application has no advantage. Enteric coating of the outer layer of ASA formulations causes inconsistent absorption and may be categorized under ‘artificial mistakes’.     

《三级医院评审标准》新旧版本比较分析及建议

《三级医院评审标准(2020 年版》的颁布是一个里程碑式的事件。其新增前置否决条款;强化定量指标条款;整合简化现场条款,体现了评审标准对医院管理“指挥棒”和“风向标”的作用。与《三级综合医院评审标准(2011 年版)》相比有显著差异,体现了与时俱进的特点。新标准不仅强调了医院的社会属性和公益责任,并且凸显了医院的法制意识和安全意识;也契合新时代要求,通过评审引导医院加快技术进步,深化内涵质量建设,提升可持续发展能力,从而助力医院进入高质量发展阶段。