IL-37b作用于树突状细胞CD39/ATP轴抑制类风湿性关节炎大鼠炎症反应的作用及机制

目的探讨白细胞介素37b重组蛋白(rmIL-37b)通过调节CD39/ATP轴抑制树突状细胞(DC)诱导类风湿性关节炎(RA)大鼠炎症反应的机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(CTL)、CIA模型组、rmIL-37b 5μg/kg组、rmIL-37b 10μg/kg组,每组各10只。除了空白对照组外,其余大鼠采用含有卡介苗的完全弗氏佐剂和牛Ⅱ型胶原混合乳液免疫刺激,建立CIA模型。确定建模成功当天(D0),rmIL-37b组分别尾静脉注射5μg/kg、10μg/kg rmIL-37b;CTL组和CIA模型组注射相同体积的(1 ml/kg)生理盐水,连续给药15 d。免疫组化法检测滑膜组织Nod样受体蛋白3(NRPL3)炎症小体的表达,流式细胞术检测DC表型,另外试剂盒检测血清三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和免疫学指标。结果与CIA模型组相比,rmIL-37b 10μg/kg组大鼠足容积、AI值、NLRP3炎症小体表达量、血清ATP、IL-1β、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、抗Ⅱ型胶原抗体亚型(anti-ColⅡ-IgG、anti-ColⅡ-IgG2a)水平均降低,同时DC表面CD...     

Biomechanical comparison of three internal fixation configurations for low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the biomechanical stiffness and strength of different internal fixation configurations and find suitable treatment strategies for low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus.Methods and materialsThirty 4^th generation composite humeri were used to create low transcondylar fracture models that were fixed by orthogonal and parallel double plates as well as posterolateral plate and medial screw (PPMS) configurations (n=10 in each group) using an anatomical locking compression plate-screw system and fully threaded medial cortical screws. Posterior bending (maximum 50 N), axial loading (maximum 200 N) and internal rotation (maximum 10 N·m) were tested, in that order, for each specimen. Stiffness under different biomechanical settings among different configurations were compared. Another 18 sets of fracture models were created using these three configurations (n=6 in each group) and the load to failure under axial loading among different configurations was compared.ResultsUnder posterior bending, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P<0.001), and orthogonal group was higher than PPMS group (P<0.001). Under axial loading, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P=0.001) and PPMS group (P<0.001); however, the difference between orthogonal and PPMS group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Under internal rotation, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P=0.044), and orthogonal group was higher than PPMS group (P=0.029). In failure test under axial loading, the load to failure in the orthogonal group was lower than parallel group (P=0.009) and PPMS group (P=0.021), but the difference between parallel group and PPMS group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All specimens in orthogonal group demonstrated “distal medial failure”; most specimens had “distal medial and trochlear failure” in the parallel group; most specimens exhibited “contact failure” in the PPMS group.ConclusionFor treating low transcondylar fractures, the overall stiffness and strength of the parallel configuration were superior to those of the orthogonal and PPMS configurations. Nevertheless, the PPMS configuration can provide adequate stability and stiffness comparable to double-plate configurations under axial loading. Therefore, the PPMS construct may have certain clinical value.     

Butterfly fragments in diaphyseal tibial fractures heal unpredictably: Should we be adopting other strategies for these high risk fractures?

IntroductionThe natural history of diaphyseal tibial butterfly fragments is poorly documented. Numerous studies have analyzed risk factors for nonunions in the tibial shaft with known factors including Gustilo classification, ASA class, and cortical contact. However, the healing potential and ideal management of nonsegmental butterfly fragments in this setting remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the nonunion rate of diaphyseal tibial fractures with a butterfly fragment.MethodsA performed a retrospective review of patients at a single academic Level 1 Trauma Center from 2000-2020 who underwent intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures. Those with non-segmental butterfly fragments (OTA/AO: 42-B) and minimum 12 month follow up were included. Morphologic measurements of butterfly fragments were performed to measure location, size, and displacement, and mRust scores at final follow up were calculated. Outcome measures were surgery to promote union, and mRust scores.ResultsA total of 99 patients were included with 21 patients requiring revision surgery to promote union. Thirty six patients had open fractures and 77% of patients were male with a mean age of 34 (range: 12-80). Average follow up was 19 months (3 months – 12 years). The most common location of the butterfly fragment was the anterior cortex (42%), with a mean length of 7.8cm (SD: 3.3) and width of 1.8cm (SD: 0.5cm). At final follow-up 37% of fractures had persistent lucency without callus at the site of the butterfly while only 31% of fractures had remodeled cortex. Average time to complete healing was 13.3 months. Open fractures with butterfly fragments were more likely to go on to nonunion than closed (44% vs 9.2%, p=<0.001). The length of the butterfly fragment was not different between the union and nonunion groups (7.7 vs 7.5, P=0.42).ConclusionsOpen tibial shaft fractures with a butterfly fragment have a high risk of nonunion. Further research may seek to determine if adjunct treatment of butterfly fragments (ie inter-fragmentary compression) in the acute setting could improve healing rates.     

3D打印骨折模型在复杂骨盆骨折手术中的治疗方法及效果探讨

目的:探讨复杂骨盆骨折手术治疗中3D打印骨折模型的应用方法及效果。方法:选取医院收治的60例复杂骨盆骨折患者,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组行传统CT指导下手术治疗,观察组行3D打印仿真骨盆模型体外模拟术后,应用腹直肌旁切口钢板内固定术治疗。比较两组手术时间、住院时间和骨折愈合时间,以及术中出血量、并发症发生率和骨盆功能恢复优良率。结果:观察组手术时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.721,t=2.458,t=2.791,t=4.450;P<0.05);观察组和对照组并发症发生率分别为3.33%和10.00%,差异无统计学意义(x²=0.267,P>0.05);观察组和对照组骨盆功能恢复优良率分别为96.67%和73.33%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=4.705,P<0.05)。结论:复杂骨盆骨折手术中应用3D打印骨折模型可缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少出血量,促进骨折愈合,可改善骨盆功能且并发症少。     

人性化护理模式在手术室护理中的应用价值评价

目的讨论人性化护理模式对手术室患者治疗效果。方法回顾分析我院2018年1月-2018年12月份手术室收治的160例患者,按照患者的个人意愿随机分为常规护理组和人性化护理组,每组各80例。分别采取常规护理和人性化护理,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果根据数据统计结果显示,人性化护理组患者的护理满意度(73.75%)高于常规护理组(58.75%),P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论由于手术室患者的病情较重,而且很容易对手术产生明显的恐惧情绪。而人性化护理模式能够照顾患者情绪,有效减少手术时间,增强患者的手术信息,确保整个手术顺利进行,也能够促进术后患者的康复效果。     

快速康复在不同方式胃癌根治手术中的应用

目的:评价快速康复（fast track,FT）模式在不同方式胃癌根治手术患者术后康复中的有效性及安全性。方法:收集我科2016年1月至2017年6月期间行开放(OS)及腹腔镜(LS)胃癌根治手术患者各40例，随机分为FT处理组（OS+FT组、LS+FT组）和常规处理（NT）对照组（OS+NT组、LS+NT组），比较不同处理模式对术后疼痛评分、恢复情况和术后并发症发生率的影响。结果:OS+FT组、LS+FT组术后1、2、3、4和5 d疼痛评分均低于NT对照组，各观察时点差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.005）；OS+FT组、LS+FT组术后首次排气时间、首次离床时间以及住院时间均短于NT对照组（P＜0.05）；术后OS+FT组、LS+FT组总体并发症发生率均为10%，与NT对照组（OS+NT组20%，LS+NT组15%）相比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:FT模式有利于减少患者痛苦，加速术后恢复，未增加术后并发症风险，在不同方式胃切除手术患者围术期处理过程中安全、有效。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗联合中药灌肠对急性肾损伤患者尿KIM-1、NGAL水平的影响

目的:探讨连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)联合中药灌肠对重症急性肾损伤患者尿肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平和预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析89例重症急性肾损伤患者临床资料,依据不同治疗方式分为对照组43例和研究组46例,对照组采用CRRT治疗,研究组采用CRRT联合中药灌肠治疗。比较两组尿量恢复时间、重症医学科(ICU)住院时间、治疗前后肾功能、尿KIM-1、NGAL水平,序贯器官衰竭估计评分(SOFA)、急性生理与慢性健康评分表(APACHEⅡ)评分和预后情况。结果:研究组尿量恢复时间、ICU住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组肾功能、尿KIM-1、NGAL水平,SOFA、APACHEⅡ评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后,两组肾功能指标、尿KIM-1、NGAL水平,SOFA、APACHEⅡ评分均较治疗前下降,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组死亡率较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论:CRRT联合中药灌肠能够促进重症急性肾损伤患者肾功能的恢复,降低尿KIM-1、NGAL水平,改善预后。     

系统性呼吸功能训练对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者肺功能及呼吸指标的影响

目的 探讨系统性呼吸功能训练对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(asthma-COPD overlap syndrome,ACOS)患者肺功能和呼吸指标的影响。方法 选择笔者所在医院2019年5月-2020年10月收治的102例ACOS患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各51例。对照组行常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上融合系统性呼吸功能训练。比较2组干预前后的肺功能指标和呼吸指标。结果 干预后,研究组的肺功能各项指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);气道阻力各项指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05),呼吸困难程度轻于对照组(Z=-2.996,P=0.003)。结论 对ACOS患者在护理过程中融合系统性呼吸功能训练,可明显降低患者气道阻力指标,对改善肺功能、缓解患者呼吸困难具有明显效果。     

2019 年武汉市血吸虫病疫情监测与风险评估

目的 分析武汉市 2019 年血吸虫病疫情监测和风险评估资料,掌握疫情动态,为制定消除策略提供依据。方法 收集武汉市 2019 年血吸虫病常规监测、监测点监测、风险监测等疫情资料,对人群、家畜、钉螺、野粪以及环境的监测结果进行分析,对疫情传播风险进行评估。 结果 武汉市 2019 年血吸虫病疫情网络直报全年零报告。全市 28 个监测点共开展本地人群血清学检测 15 102 人,阳性 97 人,阳性率为 0. 64%;其中男性阳性率 0. 87%,高于女性 0. 41%( χ2 = 65. 67,P<0. 001);随着年龄增长,血检阳性率呈上升趋势( χ2 趋势 = 75. 58,P<0. 001);阳性率较高的职业依次为渔船民、农民、工人、离退人员。 粪检 479 人,未检出阳性。 监测点开展流动人口血检 2 655 人,未发现阳性。 牛存栏 197 头,粪检均未发现阳性。 钉螺调查面积 1 875. 33 hm2,查出有螺面积 731. 21 hm²,活螺平均 密度为 0. 018 只 / 0. 1 m²。 野粪采样 11 份,均未发现阳性。 90 个风险监测点投放哨鼠 240 只,采集野粪 14 份,均未发现阳性;区级血防机构共查螺 187 987 框,活螺平均密度 0. 006 5 只 / 0. 1 m2;市级复核查螺 13 877 框,活螺平均密度 0. 003 8 只 / 0. 1 m²,均未发现阳性;风险评估为Ⅲ级(低)风险。 结论 武汉市血吸虫病传播阻断后疫情持续下降,疫情处于历史最低水平。 但钉螺孳生环境依然复杂、高危人群血防意识薄弱、垸内钉螺压缩困难、有螺地带野粪污染等潜在风险不容忽视,应持续强化监测预警,及时消除潜在风险。