医防协同,推动社区老年人常见感染性疾病疫苗应用

感染性疾病对老年人危害严重,接种疫苗是预防感染的有效手段。但我国常见感染性疾病疫苗的整体接种率偏低,基层医务人员及居民对疫苗接种的认知存在不足。《社区老年人常见感染性疾病疫苗应用专家共识》针对流感疫苗、肺炎球菌疫苗和带状疱疹疫苗3种常见疫苗的接种给予了详细的指导,旨在提高基层医务人员对老年人群疫苗接种的重视程度,加强其对公众的疫苗接种宣传教育,医防协同,共同助力提高老年人群健康水平。     

女性致密性骨炎血清骨转换生化标志物水平变化研究

背景 致密性骨炎（OCI）和其他疾病有时难以鉴别，探讨血清骨转换生化标志物可为OCI的鉴别诊断提供依据。 目的 探索女性OCI患者的血清骨转换生化标志物的水平变化及临床意义。 方法 回顾性选取2013年6月至2022年2月在北京积水潭医院门诊及住院诊断为OCI的61例女性患者作为观察组，年龄15~50岁，平均（33.8±6.6）岁，病程2周~15年。选择同期61例女性体检健康者作为对照组，年龄15~48岁，平均（35.6±7.6）岁。比较两组一般临床资料和血清骨转换生化标志物水平，并对血清骨转换生化标志物与病情相关指标进行相关性分析。 结果 观察组血清白蛋白（45.4±2.9）g/L低于对照组（46.5±2.8）g/L（t=2.190，P<0.05）。血清骨转换生化标志物比较结果显示，观察组血清1型胶原羧基末端肽β特殊序列（β-CTX）〔0.28（0.23，0.37）μg/L〕、N-端骨钙素（OC）〔13.1（11.2，16.2）μg/L〕、25-羟维生素D3〔25-（OH）VD3〕〔（14.1±5.1）μg/L〕低于对照组〔0.36（0.29，0.48）μg/L，15.6（13.7，17.3）μg/L，（17.5±6.6）μg/L〕（Z=-2.983、-3.255，t=3.081，P<0.05）。长病程亚组OC水平〔14.6（12.4，18.5）μg/L〕高于短病程亚组〔11.7（10.2，14.0）μg/L〕（Z=-2.407，P<0.05）。多孕亚组β-CTX〔0.25（0.22，0.32）μg/L〕、OC水平〔12.2（10.3，15.0）μg/L〕低于非多孕亚组〔0.33（0.26，0.44）μg/L、13.4（12.0，18.8）μg/L〕（Z=-2.486、-1.897，P<0.05）。相关性分析显示，观察组血清1型前胶原氨基端延长肽（tP1NP）与妊娠次数、生产次数均呈负相关（rs=-0.276、-0.298，P<0.05），OC与体质指数（BMI）、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、妊娠次数均呈负相关（rs=-0.284、-0.374、-0.360，P<0.05），25-（OH）VD3水平与BMI呈正相关（rs=0.275，P<0.05）。 结论 女性OCI患者血清OC、β-CTX水平明显降低，可为鉴别其他疾病提供依据；血清OC水平可以反映OCI患者的严重程度，同时OC水平与患者妊娠次数相关；tP1NP与妊娠次数、生产次数相关。     

逆行髓内钉辅助在儿童股骨延长中的应用

目的采用髓内钉辅助延长技术进行儿童股骨大段延长,评估其可行性,并对比同期矫正和分期手术的技术要点,明确此技术在儿童患儿中的应用价值。方法自2014年7月7日至2018年1月16日共规划完成逆行髓内钉辅助延长手术10例,其中男9例,女1例;年龄(13.10±2.18)岁。所有患儿延长截骨点均位于股骨远端干骺端,初诊至末次随访记录内容包括:性别、出生日期、不等长病因及治疗史、术时年龄、延长长度、带架时间、延长段愈合时间、屈膝角度、并发症等。比较同期延长和分期矫正的愈合时间,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,提出合理的治疗策略。结果10例患儿患肢平均延长(7.07±1.01)cm,中位带架时间为8.5(4,16)个月,中位随访时间为39(34,54)个月。所有病例均获得了良好的临床和影像学愈合,并全部恢复正常行走功能,无延长后骨折发生。同期矫正与分期手术间在愈合速度为[(1.70±1.10)月/cm vs.(1.16±0.54)月/cm],膝关节功能(136.67°±20.82°vs.125.71°±26.37°)和并发症率方面的差异均无统计学意义。结论外固定架辅助逆行髓内钉技术进行股骨延长治疗儿童股骨短缩畸形是可行的,是股骨延长的有效手术方式之一;较轻的角度畸形和延长手术可同期进行;干骺端截骨延长成骨质量更佳,可有效减少带架时间;内生软骨瘤患儿的病变区延长是安全的。     

Biomechanical comparison of three internal fixation configurations for low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the biomechanical stiffness and strength of different internal fixation configurations and find suitable treatment strategies for low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus.Methods and materialsThirty 4^th generation composite humeri were used to create low transcondylar fracture models that were fixed by orthogonal and parallel double plates as well as posterolateral plate and medial screw (PPMS) configurations (n=10 in each group) using an anatomical locking compression plate-screw system and fully threaded medial cortical screws. Posterior bending (maximum 50 N), axial loading (maximum 200 N) and internal rotation (maximum 10 N·m) were tested, in that order, for each specimen. Stiffness under different biomechanical settings among different configurations were compared. Another 18 sets of fracture models were created using these three configurations (n=6 in each group) and the load to failure under axial loading among different configurations was compared.ResultsUnder posterior bending, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P<0.001), and orthogonal group was higher than PPMS group (P<0.001). Under axial loading, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P=0.001) and PPMS group (P<0.001); however, the difference between orthogonal and PPMS group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Under internal rotation, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P=0.044), and orthogonal group was higher than PPMS group (P=0.029). In failure test under axial loading, the load to failure in the orthogonal group was lower than parallel group (P=0.009) and PPMS group (P=0.021), but the difference between parallel group and PPMS group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All specimens in orthogonal group demonstrated “distal medial failure”; most specimens had “distal medial and trochlear failure” in the parallel group; most specimens exhibited “contact failure” in the PPMS group.ConclusionFor treating low transcondylar fractures, the overall stiffness and strength of the parallel configuration were superior to those of the orthogonal and PPMS configurations. Nevertheless, the PPMS configuration can provide adequate stability and stiffness comparable to double-plate configurations under axial loading. Therefore, the PPMS construct may have certain clinical value.     

Characteristic chemical profile of Juhe Fang extract with lipid-lowering properties

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract (JHFE) and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo.MethodsA hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD). After treatment for 30 days, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The components from JHFE obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were investigated using an UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS.ResultsThe TC, TG, and LDL-C in the serum significantly decreased and the HDL-C significantly increased after JHFE treatment. A total of 95 compounds from JHEF including 15 phenolic acids (PA), 4 phenylethanoid glycosides (PG), 24 flavonoids (F), 14 triterpenoids (T), 10 diterpenoid glycosides (D), 18 alkaloids (A) and 10 others (O) were identified. Trigonelline was discovered for the first time in a herbal medicine of Juhe Fang. Furthermore, 68 compounds were identified in vivo including 28 prototype compounds and 40 metabolites. The metabolic characteristics of these components were revealed including identification of new metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl-8-O-[α-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (PEG) and lirinidine. A total of 43 components from JHFE were absorbed and/or metabolized. The contribution rate of each type of chemical component from JHFE to its lipid-lowering effect from high to low were A, F, PG, PA, D and T.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that JHFE demonstrated a significant lipid-lowering effect in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. Specific types of PA, PG, F, D, T and A formed the pharmaceutical architecture of the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE. This study should prove useful for clarifying the components responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE and provide a basis for precision quality control research.     

基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教在呼吸科护生规培中的应用

目的　探究基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教在呼吸科护生规培中的作用。方法　选取2019年9月至2020年8月期间到北京积水潭医院呼吸科进行规范化培训的70名护生作为研究对象。采用掷硬币法随机分为研究组和对照组，各35名。研究组采用基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教，对照组采用常规分层带教。比较两组规培护生护理能力及带教质量。运用SPSS 23.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　两组护生规培后理论知识成绩[（95.29±3.13）、（86.29±5.13）]均高于规培前[（78.22±4.48）、（77.29±5.13）]。研究组规培后理论知识、操作技能、病案汇报等3项成绩及综合素质成绩均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组对带教质量的各项指标的满意度高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教可提高呼吸科护生规培教学的质量及护生的综合素质，值得应用推广。     

HSP90β干扰和过表达慢病毒载体的构建及其在骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2中的表达

目的:获得热休克蛋白90β(HSP90β)基因干扰和过表达慢病毒表达系统，并检测其在人骨肉瘤细胞株Saos-2中的表达水平。方法:设计合成shRNA，以慢病毒表达质粒构建HSP90β干扰和过表达载体，酶切电泳、测序技术鉴定载体构建是否成功。重组病毒转染H1299细胞，以嘌呤霉素筛选稳定转染的Saos-2细胞，通过荧光显微镜观察计数获得转染效率。将感染好的细胞分为干扰NC组（NEG-shRNA）、干扰组（shRNA-HSP90β）、过表达NC对照组（NEG-pEZ）及过表达组（pEZ-HSP90β）。通过qRT-PCR 与Western blotting 分别从mRNA 和蛋白表达水平验证目的基因的干扰和过表达水平。结果:插入慢病毒表达载体的基因片段与目的基因的碱基序列完全一致。病毒包装成功后，嘌呤霉素最小致死浓度1 μg/ml，感染复数200，感染人Saos-2的感染效率达80%，其中shRNA-HSP90β组干扰效率为86.35%，pEZ-HSP90β组的mRNA相对表达量增加2.8倍。进一步研究发现，shRNA-HSP90β组较NEG-shRNA组中HSP90β蛋白表达明显降低，pEZ-HSP90β组较NEG-pEZ组HSP90β蛋白表达增加。结论:HSP90β基因干扰和过表达慢病毒载体构建成功，并能够在Saos-2中稳定表达。     

独活的临床应用及其用量探究

通过搜集古医籍及现代医家临床经验,总结出独活具有以下特点:首先,临床用量多为6~60 g。其次,独活临床用量应综合考虑病证及配伍等多种因素,随病施量、因证施量、因配伍施量。独活配伍羌活、防风等,治疗风寒湿引起的风湿免疫、骨科系统疾病,常用剂量9~60 g;配伍川芎、细辛、虫类药等,治疗神经官能症、阿尔兹海默症等多种神经系统疾病,常用剂量9~15 g;配伍黄芪、桂枝、女贞子等,治疗月经失调、产后身痛等妇产科疾病,临床常用9~12 g。     

温肾育卵汤加减治疗排卵障碍性不孕综合征疗效及其机制研究

目的:评价温肾育卵汤治疗排卵障碍性不孕综合征的疗效,并初步探讨治疗机制。方法:选择82例排卵障碍性不孕综合征患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组41例给予克罗米芬治疗,观察组41例给予温肾育卵汤治疗,比较两组优势卵泡排出情况、卵泡质量、临床妊娠率、流产率及未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)发生率。结果:观察组排卵周期占总周期的76.99%,高于对照组的49.58%,LUFS周期占12.64%,低于对照组的30.25%,观察组妊娠率为43.90%,高于对照组的19.51%,相比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组E₂平均值高于对照组,子宫内膜平均厚度大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组痊愈率60.98%,总有效率为92.68%,高于对照组的31.71%、78.05%,相比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温肾育卵汤可促进优质卵泡发育成熟及排出,提高排卵率和卵泡质量,并可促进子宫内膜的增长,提高妊娠率,降低LUFS发生率。