奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林对胃溃疡患者 ET–1、 HMGB1、MMP–9、ERK1/2、PGE2 水平的影响

〔摘 要〕 目的：研究奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林对胃溃疡患者内皮素 –1（ET–1）、高迁移率族蛋白 B1（HMGB1）、 基质金属蛋白酶 –9（MMP–9）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK1/2）、前列腺素 E2（PGE2）水平的影响。 方法：选取 2021 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月于鹤壁市人民医院治疗的 78 例胃溃疡患者,依据随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组,各 39 例。对照组 行奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林治疗,观察组行奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林治疗,比较两组患者溃疡愈合情况、临床症状消失 时间、治疗前后血清 ET–1、HMGB1、MMP–9、ERK1/2、PGE2 水平和不良反应。 结果：观察组患者溃疡愈合率为 97.44 %, 高于对照组的 79.49 %,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;观察组患者反酸、嗳气、腹胀、腹痛症状消失时间均短于对 照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;治疗后,观察组患者血清 ET–1、HMGB1、MMP–9 水平均低于对照组,血清 ERK1/2、PGE2 水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;观察组患者总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计 学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;治疗期间,两组患者均无明显不良反应。 结论：奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林治疗胃溃疡可提高 溃疡愈合率,缩短临床症状消失时间,改善患者血清 ET–1、HMGB1、MMP–9、ERK1/2、PGE2 水平,且无明显不良反应。     

Acute hypopyon uveitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection with rifabutin

Background: Hypopyon-uveitis has been identified as a dosage-dependent side effect in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection with systemic rifabutin. Patients and methods: We report a 38-year-old female AIDS patient with bilateral hypopyon uveitis under therapy with rifabutin in combination with clarithromycin and indinavir. Results: At the time of presentation of the bilateral hypopyon uveitis the patient was treated with rifabutin (300 mg/day), clarithromycin (1000 mg/day) and ethambutol (1000 mg/day) for an M. avium complex infection. Also, the patient received the protease inhibitor indinavir. The rifabutin dose was reduced to 150 mg/day. Hypopyon and inflammation resolved under therapy with steroids. Conclusions: The concomitant use of rifabutin, clarithromycin, and protease inhibitors may lead to hypopyon uveitis. Reduction of dosage of rifabutin (150 mg/day) and treatment with topical steroids are required.      

HPLC测定克拉霉素及其制剂的含量

目的　采用HPLC法测定克拉霉素及其制剂的含量。方法　C1 8或C8色谱柱 (4 .6mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ,流动相分别为磷酸二氢钾溶液 (0 .0 6 7mol·L- 1 ) -甲醇 (4 0 0∶6 0 0 ) (pH 4 .0 )和磷酸二氢钾溶液 (0 .0 6 7mol·L- 1 ) -乙腈 (5 5∶4 5 ) ,检测波长 2 10nm ,均采用外标法。结果　 3种方法线性范围均为 0 .0 2 5～ 2 .0mg·ml- 1 (r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 10 0 .2 % ,RSD =0 .4 8% (n =6 )。结论　 3种方法的分离效果均较好 ,没有明显差异 ,其中方法b较为适宜。     

红霉素环11,12-碳酸酯的体外抗菌活性研究

目的评 价红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯的体外抗菌活性。方法 采用琼脂平皿二倍稀释法测定国产和进口红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯对临床分离致病菌的体外抗菌作用，并与红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉素、阿奇霉素和乙酰螺旋霉素进行了比较。结果 国产和进口红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯对579株临床分离菌的抗菌活性相近，对革兰氏阳性菌和厌氧菌的抗菌活性比红霉素强2～8倍，优于罗红霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉索、阿奇霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素，但对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性稍弱于阿奇霉素。红霉索环11，12-碳酸酯对金葡菌显示抑菌作用，对化脓链球菌在2～4倍MIC浓度时显示杀菌作用；红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯抗金葡菌和化脓链球菌的活性随着pH的增加而增强，接种量和血清浓度对国产红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯抗金葡菌和化脓链球菌的活性无明显影响。结论 红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯具有较强的体外抗菌活性，国产红霉素环11，12-碳酸酯抗菌活性与进口相近，优于红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉素、阿奇霉素和乙酰螺旋霉素。     

克拉霉素和环丙沙星合用对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的影响

目的：研究克拉霉素与环丙沙星联合应用对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的影响。方法：采用平板法培养细菌生物被膜，微量稀释法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度，银染法快速鉴定细菌生物被膜，噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定生物被膜中的活菌数。结果：1／16、1／4MIC克拉霉素可显著增加1／4、1／2MIC环丙沙星对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的抑菌活性。结论：克拉霉素与环丙沙星合用对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜具有明显的协同抑制作用。     

乳糖酸克拉霉素胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别

目的　采用薄层色谱法鉴别乳糖酸克拉霉素胶囊的有效成分。方法　采用薄层色谱法对乳糖酸克拉霉素胶囊中乳糖酸和克拉霉素分别进行鉴别。结果　在薄层色谱中能较好地鉴别出乳糖酸和克拉霉素。结论　该方法专属性强,简单可行,可快速、准确地鉴别该产品的成分。     

雷贝拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林治疗Hp阳性十二指肠溃疡的疗效观察

目的观察雷贝拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林短程三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性的十二指肠溃疡的治疗效果及副作用。方法将105例伴有Hp感染的十二指肠溃疡患者随机分两组,A组52例,给予雷贝拉唑10mg、克拉霉素500mg,阿莫西林1000mg,每天2次口服,疗程7天(A组);B组53例,给予雷尼替丁150mg、阿莫西林1000mg,每天2次口服,甲硝唑200mg,每天3次口服,疗程7天(B组)。疗程结束1个月后复查胃镜,检查Hp。结果A组Hp根除率92.3%、活动期溃疡愈合率94.2%、症状缓解率为100%,不良反应的发生率为3.8%。而B组上述指标则分别为73.6%、75.5%、77.4%、17.0%;两组比较均具有统计学差异。结论雷贝拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林短程三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性的十二指肠溃疡的治疗具有良好的效果,且副作用少。     

Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection and their clarithromycin-resistant strains in otitis media with effusion regarding phenotypic and genotypic studies

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are pathogenic bacteria that infect a half of the human population, colonize gastric mucosa and can be found in gastric juice. Reflux of gastric juice has been suggested to be associated with glue ear in children. It has been suggested that tonsil and adenoid tissues are potential reservoirs of H. pylori infection. These observations raise the question as to whether H. pylori infection might have a role in otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the incidence and possible role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of OME in children and to evaluate the clarithromycin-resistant strains. Molecular assessment was done to evaluate the culture results vs. molecular study. A total of 60 children, who were prone to ventilation tube insertion, adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were included in the study. The control group consisted of 40 children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy without the history of OME. Samples of the middle ear fluid and mucosa, adenoid tissue, tonsillar tissue and gastric lavage were cultured and underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis then were assembled by using QIAxcel System as capillary electrophoresis for H. pylori detection. There was significant difference between the results of cultures and PCR (P < 0.05). Middle ear fluid culture was positive for H. pylori in 40% of the patients vs. 56.7% PCR results while middle ear mucosa culture was positive in 20% vs. 26.7% PCR results. Gastric lavage culture was positive in 46.6% of the patients and PCR was positive in 63.3% of the patients. Adenoid culture and PCR were positive in 56.3% for each, while tonsil culture was positive in 70% and PCR was positive in 90%. H. pylori presence in the gastric lavage, the tonsillar and adenoid tissues by culture and PCR was significantly more frequent in the study group compared to the control group. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of clarithromycin-resistant isolates ranged from 1.5 to 8 μg/ml. This study showed the presence of H. pylori in around 50% of the patients with OME. PCR revealed its sensitivity than culture techniques. The incidence of clarithromycin resistance was found to be high among the isolates (39.6%).     

Additional treatment with clarithromycin reduces fever duration in patients with influenza

BackgroundInfluenza virus infection-induced inflammatory responses are associated with fever and other symptoms. Although macrolide antibiotics (macrolides) provide anti-inflammatory effects, these effects have not been well studied in influenza patients.MethodsWe examined the effects of clarithromycin on influenza symptoms. A randomized, prospective, and open-label study was performed between December 2010 and March 2011 and between December 2012 and March 2013 in patients with pandemic A/H1 2009 influenza or seasonal influenza virus infections. Patients aged >15 years received either neuraminidase inhibitors (control group) or clarithromycin plus neuraminidase inhibitors (clarithromycin group). Body temperature and other symptoms were recorded for 5 days after initiating treatment. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels were also measured.ResultsHerein, 79 patients were enrolled over the two influenza seasons, and data from 63 patients were analyzed. All patients showed fever and other symptoms, including rhinorrhea (n=38), cough (n=50), sore throat (n=39), arthralgia or myalgia (n=46), and general malaise (n=50). Fever duration was approximately 42% shorter in patients with temperatures ≥38.5 °C (p=0.02), decreasing from 42 h to 24 h. Among patients with pandemic influenza infections (n=20), the rhinorrhea improvement rate was higher in the clarithromycin group (p=0.03; 88% vs. 20%). Serum IL-6 levels decreased 5 days after treatment, but no differences between the two groups were detected.ConclusionsClarithromycin may have the additional clinical benefit of improving fever, the main symptom of influenza, in patients treated with neuraminidase inhibitors.     

The efficacy,safety and tolerability of pantoprazole-based one-week triple therapy in H. pylori eradication and duodenal ulcer healing

SUMMARY

Objective: Recently, proton pump inhibitor (PPi)-based triple therapy has been recommended as a first line treatment in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this open, multicentre trial was to investigate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and the ulcer healing rate of a triple regimen consisting of pantoprazole^? 40?mg, clarithromycin 500?mg and amoxicillin 1000?mg twice daily for 7?days, in the eradication of H. pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer in Turkey.

Research design and methods: H. pylori infection was assessed by histological examination and rapid urease test at baseline and 4?weeks after the completion of the therapy. Seventy-seven patients were enrolled, 5 were excluded due to various reasons and 72 completed the entire course of the trial.

Results: H. pylori eradication was confirmed in 49 of these patients; the eradication rate was 68% by per-protocol analysis and 63.6% by intention-to-treat analysis. The ulcers were completely healed in 61 patients (85%) at the second endoscopic examination. Drug compliance was excellent (97.3%) and there were no serious adverse events.

Conclusion: Pantoprazole-based 1-week triple therapy was well tolerated and the ulcer healing rate was high (85%). Relatively low H. pylori eradication rates may be attributed to rising antibiotic resistance over recent years. A large scale, comparative study with other PPi-based regimens is warranted based on the results of this open study with the pantoprazole-based regimen.