干扰素调节因子7与肿瘤关系研究进展

干扰素调节因子7首次在EB病毒感染环境中克隆,是诱导Ⅰ型干扰素产生的关键调节因子.异常表达Ⅰ型干扰素与多种疾病有关,如肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病等.越来越多的证据表明,干扰素调节因子7是具有多种功能的转录因子,不仅调节机体的炎症、免疫反应,而且参与调节肿瘤的形成、细胞侵袭等多种生物功能.为此,本文结合最新进展对干扰素调节因子7和肿瘤的关系进行综述.     

体重指数与恶性肿瘤之间关系的对照研究

目的探讨体重指数与恶性肿瘤之间的关系。方法选取恶性肿瘤患者180名和健康对照者120名作为调查组和对照组,对调查组患者的体重指数（BodyMassIndex,BMI）和对照组进行比较分析。结果入组者为我院确诊为恶性肿瘤患者180例,其中包括：乳腺癌33例、肺癌30例、食管鳞癌25例、肝癌20例、前列腺癌17例、子宫内膜癌17例、直肠癌15例、结肠癌14例、贲门癌9例,他们的BMI分别为（25.46±4.61）kg/m2、（22.21±3.18）kg/m2、（22.34±3.45）kg/m2、（23.43±3.14）kg/m2、（23.44±3.31）kg/m2、（25.37±4.36）kg/m2、（25.82±4.72）kg/m2、（25.93±4.81）kg/m2、（25.68±4.23）kg/m2,对照组为120例体检者（其中男性66例,女性54例）,平均BMI为（23.06±3.21）kg/m2。乳腺癌、贲门癌、子宫内膜癌、直肠癌、结肠癌患者BMI与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,肺癌、食管鳞癌、前列腺癌、肝癌患者BMI与健康对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 BMI与多种恶性肿瘤具有密切关系,建议控制BMI,减少恶性肿瘤的发生。     

癌症晚期/生命有限患者的姑息性镇静治疗（一）

姑息性镇静治疗是姑息关怀整体的一部分.镇静治疗是一种常规的临床治疗方法,包含深度持续和浅度间隙镇静,即在生命末期有意降低意识水平,目的是缓解不能忍受的痛苦.预期患者将会濒死,降低生命末期的意识以缓解痛苦是恰当的.姑息性镇静治疗就是应对顽固性症状和由此而引起的无法忍受的痛苦;深度持续镇静应具有适应证和预期死亡将在1～2周的条件.     

Use of a case-mix approach to study the trends in the incidence of second primary cancers

Purpose

To analyze trends in second primary cancer (SPC) incidence by using a case-mix approach to standardize on first cancer site distribution.

Évolutions dans la prise en charge des métastases ganglionnaires cervicales sans cancer primitif retrouvé : doses et volumes cibles de la radiothérapie avec modulation d’intensité

The definition of nodal and/or mucosal target volumes for radiation therapy for lymphadenopathies of unknown primary is controversial. Target volumes may include all nodal areas bilaterraly and be pan-mucosal or unilateral, selective, including the sole oropharyngeal mucosa. This review presents current recommendations in light of changes in the TNM classification, Human papillomavirus status and therapeutic advances. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with the following keywords: lymphadenopathy; head and neck; unknown primary and radiation therapy. There are no direct comparative studies between unilateral or bilateral nodal irradiation or pan-mucosal and selective mucosal irradiation. Contralateral lymph node failure rates range from 0 to 6% after unilateral nodal irradiation and 0 and 31% after bilateral irradiation. Occurrence of a mucosal primary varies between 0 and 19.2%. Initial clinical presentation and Human papillomavirus status are critical to define mucosal target volumes. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is recommended (rather than three-dimensional irradiation) to avoid toxicities. Systemic treatments have similar indications as for identified primary head and neck cancers. Failures do not appear superior in case of unilateral nodal irradiation but comparative studies are warranted due to major biases hampering direct comparisons. Human papillomavirus status should be incorporated into the therapeutic strategy and practice-changing TNM staging changes will need to be evaluated.     

肿瘤治疗止吐药物的研究进展

 肿瘤患者化疗所致恶心、呕吐（CINV）是临床常见的不良反应。近年来由于对呕吐生理学的新认识，出现了5-HT3受体拮抗剂（5-HT3RA）、Aprepitant和Olanzapine新型止吐药物，使CINV得到了有效的控制，提高了化疗的耐受性，国际上许多肿瘤组织更新了各自制定和推荐的标准止吐方案。     

The ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and risk of cancer death in a Japanese community: The Hisayama Study

Background

Whether the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or arachidonic acid (AA) affects the risk of cancer remains unclear, and the association between the serum EPA:AA ratio and cancer risk has not been fully evaluated in general populations.