The emerging role of ultrasound in detecting interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role of US in the detection of ILD in a cohort of patients with RA.MethodsPatients with diagnosis of RA were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent pulmonary examination, laboratory data, DLCO measure, chest HRCT and radiographs, and US examination. A healthy group was included as control group. US was performed according the 14-intercostal space scanning protocol using the following semiquantitative scale [0 = normal (≤ 5 B-lines); 1 = slight (≥ 6 and ≤ 15 B-lines); 2 = moderate, (≤ 16 and ≥ 30 B-lines); 3 = severe (≥ 30 B-lines)].ResultsA total of 74 RA patients and 74 healthy controls were included. Thirty of 74 patients (40.5%) showed US signs of ILD with respect to the healthy controls (3 subjects, 4.1%) (P < 0.001); whereas HRCT showed ILD in 27 (36.4%) of 74 patients. Among the 30 patients that showed US findings of ILD, 17 (56.6%) were asymptomatic from respiratory view-point. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 92% and 89% respectively. A positive correlation between US and HRCT findings were found (P < 0.001) whereas no correlation was found with chest radiographs and DLCO findings. Positive association between US findings and DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP and RF (P < 0.01 for each respectively) was found. Feasibility, represented by the mean time spent to perform the pulmonary US assessment was 7.8 minutes (± SD 1.2, range 6 to 10 minutes).ConclusionsOur results support the potential of US in detect accurately ILD in patients with RA and provide a rationale to consider it as a friendly screening tool to be implemented in early phases of the disease.     

一起尿源性脓毒血症死亡案例的解析与改进*

对一起尿源性脓毒血症患者死亡案例进行解析，从明确诊断标准、制定规范举措、畅通绿色通道、促进患方参与等方面进行改进。改进后，尿源性脓毒血症患者诊断率提高，就诊至处理时间（DTN）从88.9min缩短至55.6min（P＜0.001），患者住院时间由7.9天缩短至4.9天，人均住院总费用减少8 105元，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。运用精益管理方法，优化专科急危重症诊治流程，能够缩短治疗时间，促进患者康复，节约住院费用，改善患者愈后     

高校学生常见心理疾病及干预措施浅析

高校学生的心理正处于迅速走向成熟的阶段，是心理疾病高发群体，常见的心理疾病主要为神经症、精神分裂症、心身疾病、人格障碍及性行为异常。针对日趋严重的大学生心理问题，高校相关部门应重视加强大学生心理方面的健康教育，以预防大学生心理疾病的发生。     

56例临床输血不良反应原因分析

目的:分析临床输血过程中发生输血不良反应的原因,探讨有效的预防措施。方法:回顾2012—2014年输注由我站提供的血液制品后发生输血不良反应患者56例,分析输血不良反应发生的原因。结果:21615人次输血中,发生不良反应56例,发生率为0.3%,其中非溶血性发热反应为32例,占57.1%,过敏反应为24例,占42.9%,未发现其他输血不良反应。结论:临床上应加强对输血全过程的监管,遵循合理科学用血原则,采用新的输血技术,大力提倡自身输血,确保临床输血的安全性。     

国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目试点的措施、成效与建议

出生缺陷是导致早期流产、死胎、围产儿死亡、婴幼儿死亡和先天残疾的主要原因。实施国家免费孕前优生项目,预防出生缺陷,造福子孙后代,是坚持以人为本、贯彻落实科学发展观的具体举措。该文结合所在地区国家免费孕前优生健康检查工作的开展情况,介绍了项目试点服务对象、目的和内容,阐述了项目试点的具体措施和工作成效,提出了做好下一步工作的建议。     

福州市透视受检者入射体表剂量率现况与控制措施研究

目的 了解福州市医用常规X射线机透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值水平,并研究控制措施,保障受检者健康权益。方法 参照《医用常规X射线诊断设备影像质量控制检测规范》（WS 76-2011）对透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值水平进行调查与评价,并对控制措施结果开展追踪调查。结果 共调查87台X射线影像增强器透视设备,透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值>25 mGy/min为22台,对其中（市级及以下卫计委管理）17台开展干预。5台经过设备维修,5台采用"高电压、低电流、厚滤过"操作方法,透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值降为≤ 25 mGy/min。停机4台。待置换新机3台。结论 加强监督管理,开展放射工作人员培训,提高放射卫生防护意识;强化质量控制检测,及时维修或更换透视机;采用"高电压、低电流、厚滤过"等合理操作方法,是控制透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值的主要措施。     

Childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and executive function in children in the HOME Study

Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been reported to impair executive function in children, but little is known whether childhood PBDE exposures play a role. Using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective birth cohort in the greater Cincinnati area, we investigated the association between repeated measures of PBDEs during childhood and executive function at 8 years in 208 children and whether effect modification by child sex was present. We used child serum collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years to measure PBDEs. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function was completed by parents to assess executive function at 8 years. We used multiple informant models to examine childhood PBDEs during several exposure windows. Null associations were observed between early childhood PBDEs and executive function. However, we observed significant adverse associations between a 10-fold increase in concurrent concentrations of BDE-28 (β = 4.6, 95% CI 0.5, 8.7) and BDE-153 (β = 4.8, 95% CI 0.8, 8.8) with behavioral regulation. In addition, PBDEs at 8 years were significantly associated with poorer emotional and impulse control. No associations were noted between childhood PBDEs and metacognition or global executive function. However, child sex significantly modified the associations, with significantly poorer executive function among males with higher concurrent BDE-153, and null associations in females. Our study findings suggest that concurrent PBDE exposures during childhood may be associated with poorer executive function, specifically behavior regulation. Males may also be more sensitive to adverse associations of concurrent PBDEs on executive function.     

Right on target?

Targets have become an integral part of health care, whether we agree with them or not. Many accept the progress made with the use of targets, but our duty as health professionals is to ensure that their use and interpretation is undertaken with the same care and understanding of their limitations that we apply to our clinical practice, and that they are not mis-interpreted or used to justify the latest political idioms. Currently the healthcare profession is failing to understand the consequences of setting targets, or the wider implications of hitting them. This article aims to summarise how we can learn from past experiences to become more aware of the benefits and draw-backs of targets in healthcare, and how we can utilise them more efficiently in health care.