吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地达乌尔黄鼠的生态学研究

目的研究吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地乌尔黄鼠的生态学变化规律。方法依据《吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地现状调查实施方案及工作指南》对吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地达乌尔黄鼠种群的年龄结构、雌雄比和数量变化、雌性繁殖状况进行观察。结果2龄鼠占多数，4龄鼠较少，未发现大龄鼠，种群性比，雄：雌为1：0．98。雌鼠妊娠率94．32％，平均胎鼠数为7．67个。结论达乌尔黄鼠生态学各项指标变化差异略微，种数的数量年际动态基本是恒定的。     

城市灰仓鼠生态学初步研究

本文根据１９８９～１９９２年新疆１１个城市鼠类调查和实验室结果，讨论分析了城市灰仓鼠的某些生态学特征。捕获率３．７６％（６３０／１６７４１），占捕获总数的２６．２６％（仅次于小家鼠），其密度和构成比依次为老城＞新城＞城郊，土木建筑＞旧地板楼＞地下室＞砖平房。褐家鼠的迁入或老城新建筑结构比例的上升，可导致灰仓鼠构成比的下降；灭鼠或新城发展，可促使构成比的上升。在城市，灰仓鼠一年四季均可繁殖，窝数在４窝以上，平均胚胎数７．１只，性成熟日龄５０天左右，性比０．５４４，年内种群密度高峰在５月和１１月，总密度明显高于农区。首次证实灰仓鼠在低温条件下可冬眠。     

重庆市正常人群肠道双歧杆菌的定量调查

本文介绍了一种双歧杆菌的选择鉴别培养基,并用该培养基对重庆市正常人群肠道双歧杆菌进行了定量分析,进而确定了正常值,为进一步研究双歧杆菌与人类的健康和疾病以及生态学防治提供了科学依据.同时也显示了正常人类肠道中双收杆菌的含量与年龄及性别无显著差异.     

Bionomics and health importance of fowl tickArgas (Persicargas) persicus (Oken, 1818) (Ixodoidea: Argasidae)

The fowl tickArgas (Persicargas) persicus occurs in warm areas of Slovakia, where its distribution is limited by the 650–700 mm annual average isohyet and the +8° C annual average isotherm. In Slovakia, larvae hatch from spring to autumn, and nymphal and adult moultings occur chiefly in July and August. Larvae feed for four days, nymphs and adults for less than one hour. The tick develops and reproduces during the warm season in the wild but throughout the year under favourable laboratory conditions in which the life cycle requires 17 months.     

Synergistic convergence of microbiota-specific systemic IgG and secretory IgA

1. Download high-res image (170KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

内蒙古自治区不同生态系鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行现状及流行风险简析

内蒙古面临着多种类型疫源地鼠疫流行和复燃的风险。蒙古旱獭疫源地虽然暂未在国内发现动物间鼠疫流行,但过去检出过阳性血清,同时蒙古旱獭种群数量持续增加且分布范围不断扩大,毗邻的蒙古国和俄罗斯联邦的蒙古旱獭疫源地动物间鼠疫持续流行;达乌尔黄鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫时隐时现;长爪沙鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫流行猛烈,并频频波及人间。由于蒙古旱獭和达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株毒力明显高于长爪沙鼠鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株,且在历史上曾给当地带来深重灾难,因此内蒙古自治区鼠疫防控重点应在常规鼠疫监测的基础上,进一步加强蒙古旱獭和达乌尔黄鼠疫源地流行动态的监测,警惕该两个疫源地复燃并波及人间。     

Achieving Best Practice: A Review of Evidence Linked to Occupation-Focused Practice Models

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to identify and synthesize evidence concerning the most widely used contemporary occupation-focused models including Ecology of human performance; Model of human occupation; Occupational adaptation; and Person–environment–occupational performance. The paper characterizes the amount and type of evidence. Evidence found includes illustrations of how the models can be applied to understand and address a particular problem or population, basic studies that test or expand theoretical concepts, psychometric studies, studies that document therapy outcomes, and studies that examine clinical reasoning and/or practice based on the models. The four models differed widely in the amount and type of evidence available.     

Frequency of Consumption of Whole Fruit,Not Fruit Juice,Is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of Obesity in Korean Adults

BackgroundFruit consumption is known to be beneficial to health. However, the health benefits of fruit juice are controversial due to its high sugar content.ObjectivesTo examine the associations of frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice with obesity and metabolic syndrome.DesignThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsA total of 10,460 adults (4,082 men and 6,378 women) aged 19 to 64 years were included in the study.Main outcome measuresFrequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary sugar intake was calculated using a 24-hour recall. Obesity and abdominal obesity were determined using body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.Statistical analyses performedMultiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between frequency of whole fruit or fruit juice consumption and obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities.ResultsThe percentage of participants who consumed whole fruit daily was 32.6%, whereas 52.3% consumed fruit juice rarely. The average intake of total sugars was 14.9% of total energy, which was within the recommend range (<20% of total energy) for Koreans. Consuming whole fruit ≥1 time/day was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure compared with consuming whole fruit ≤1 time/wk. However, frequency of fruit juice consumption showed no association with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsFrequency of whole fruit consumption was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities among Korean adults with average total sugar intake within the recommended range.     

Diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses (Family Arenaviridae) associated with the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus)

The southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) is the principal host of Catarina virus in southern Texas and a natural host of other North American Tacaribe serocomplex viruses. The objectives of this study were to increase our knowledge of the genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus and to define better the natural host relationships of these viruses. Pairwise comparisons of complete glycoprotein precursor gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid protein gene sequences revealed a high level of genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus in western Oklahoma, southern New Mexico, and northern and southern Texas. Collectively, the results of Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences and pairwise comparisons of amino acid sequences confirmed that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in Oklahoma and New Mexico should be included in the Whitewater Arroyo species complex, and indicated that that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in northern Texas are strains of a novel arenaviral species – tentatively named “Middle Pease River virus”. Together, the results of assays for arenavirus and assays for anti-arenavirus antibody in 54 southern plains woodrats and 325 other rodents captured at 2 localities suggested that the southern plains woodrat is the principal host of Middle Pease River virus in northern Texas.