The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) 2022 Expert Consensus Document: The use of mechanical circulatory support in lung transplantation

ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.     

特纳综合征患者骨质疏松的研究进展

特纳综合征(TS)是女性常见的性染色体异常疾病,与多种疾病共存。越来越多的证据表明TS患者有较高的骨质疏松患病率,本文就近年来TS中骨质疏松的危险因素及管理治疗的相关研究进展做一综述。     

Particularidades del abordaje transcanal endoscópico de los tumores benignos de oído medio en adultos

Background and objectiveMinimally invasive surgery of benign middle ear tumours is possible by using the endoscope. The optimal lighting and the broadest vision it offers, allow a transcanal approach to these rare tumours. The objective of this work is to summarize its key points through a case series.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of benign middle ear tumours that underwent exclusive endoscopic surgery in a third-level adult university hospital between June 2018 and June 2020. Postoperative follow-up was performed by otoendoscopy and audiometry.ResultsSix patients underwent surgery during the study period. Five patients were female and one male, with an average age of 57.8 years (± 21.9). Four tumours were in the left ear and 2 in the right ear. These included 4 tympanic paragangliomas (3 type I and one type II), a chorda tympani neuroma, and a congenital cholesteatoma. There were no serious postoperative complications. At present, no tumour recurrence has been found in either case, with a minimum follow-up of 7 months.ConclusionsThe present study adds evidence on the safety and efficacy of endoscopic transcanal ear surgery, as a minimally invasive technique, for the treatment of benign middle ear tumours confined to the tympanic cavity.     

血清miR-210与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征严重程度和预后的关系

目的 探讨血清微小RNA-210（mircoRNA-210，miR-210）与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（neonatalrespiratory distress syndrome，NRDS）严重程度和预后的关系。 方法 收集NRDS患儿104例，根据预后分为生存组与死亡组。所有新生儿根据首次胸部X线片结果与病情严重程度分为轻度组（Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级）与重度组（Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级）。比较死亡组与生存组患儿一般资料，轻度组与重度组血清miR-210水平与新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充Ⅱ（perinatal supplement of acute physiological score for neonates Ⅱ，SNAPPE-Ⅱ）评分。绘制ROC曲线分析血清miR-210水平对NRDS患儿死亡的预测价值。采用Spearman相关性分析NRDS发生与血清miR-210的相关性。 结果 根据预后分组，104例患儿中预后较好81例（77.88%），死亡23例（22.12%）。生存组miR-210水平、SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分低于死亡组（P＜0.05）；2组性别、胎龄、出生体重、母亲年龄、病因、剖宫产、双胎、羊水异常差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。按照胸部X线片表现分组，104例患儿轻度患儿73例，重度患儿31例。轻度组miR-210水平、SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分低于重度组（P＜0.05）。NRDS发生与血清miR-210水平呈正相关（r=0.638，P＜0.001）。血清miR-210与SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分呈正相关（r=0.513，P＜0.05）。血清miR-210的最佳分界值为16.71 ng/L时，曲线下面积为0.763，OR=0.846，95%CI：0.892~1.064，敏感度为82.61%，特异度为86.42%。结论 血清miR-210水平升高与NRDS病情严重程度以及预后密切相关，血清miR-210水平与NRDS病情程度呈正相关性，当血清miR-210临界值为16.71 ng/L时对评估NRDS患儿预后具有较高价值。     

腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床效果研究

目的研究腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床效果。方法100例小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿作为研究对象,按照随机方式分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组采用腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗。观察记录患儿的手术结果及随访结果,并比较两组患儿手术时间、术后住院时间。结果手术过程顺利,100例患儿均成功完成手术,无一例中转开腹手术,无并发症发生。观察组患儿术后6 h将胃管取下,少量喂入温水后逐渐过渡到喂糖水、喂奶;对照组患儿术后24 h开始逐渐进食。患儿术后进行6个月的延续性随访,观察组患儿切口恢复美观,已经无法观察到切口瘢痕,两组患儿的生长发育均显示正常状态。观察组患儿手术时间(21.23±1.65)min及术后住院时间(5.58±1.98)d均显著短于对照组的(38.44±1.23)min、(9.67±1.22)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿采用腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗,手术效果良好,手术创伤小而且安全。     

Promising role of D-amino acids in irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an important health care concern. Alterations in the microbiota of the gut-brain axis may be linked to the pathophysiology of IBS. Some dietary intake could contribute to produce various metabolites including D-amino acids by the fermentation by the gut microbiota. D-amino acids are the enantiomeric counterparts of L-amino acids, in general, which could play key roles in cellular physiological processes against various oxidative stresses. Therefore, the presence of D-amino acids has been shown to be linked to the protection of several organs in the body. In particular, the gut microbiota could play significant roles in the stability of emotion via the action of D-amino acids. Here, we would like to shed light on the roles of D-amino acids, which could be used for the treatment of IBS.