便携式气相色谱-质谱法检测空气中甲硫醇和乙硫醇

目的建立便携式气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)测定工作场所空气中甲硫醇和乙硫醇。方法采用静态配气法,以高纯氮气为稀释气,配制不同浓度的甲硫醇和乙硫醇混合标准气体,便携式GC-MS手持探头直接采集、进样,便携式GC/MS检测,以保留时间和特征离子定性,选择离子峰面积定量。结果本方法甲硫醇和乙硫醇的线性范围分别为0.996~19.9 mg/m3和0.967~19.34 mg/m3,相关系数r分别为1.000和0.999,检出限分别为0.1和0.2 mg/m3。批内、批间精密度均≤10%,平均加标回收率为91.7%~109.8%。结论本方法操作简便、精密度好、准确度高,适用于工作场所空气中甲硫醇和乙硫醇的日常及应急检测。     

砷化镓职业健康危害研究进展

正砷化镓是一种重要的半导体材料,在航空航天、工业零件、医疗设备、电信等方面应用广泛~([1])。砷化镓的健康危害效应存在较大争议,尤其是其致癌性。国际癌症研究机构参照砷及其无机化合物,将其归类于Ⅰ类致癌物~([2]);美国政府工业卫生学家会议(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,ACGIH)将其归为A3类(确定动物致癌物)~([3])。呼吸道是砷化     

工作场所空气中氰氨化钙测定的分光光度法

目的 建立工作场所空气中的氰氨化钙的测定方法.方法 用玻璃纤维滤膜采集工作场所空气中的氰氨化钙,以盐酸溶液洗脱,氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至中性,再与氨基亚铁氰化钠反应生成红棕色络合物,在530 nm波长下测量吸光度值.结果 方法检出限为0.8 μg/ml,定量下限为1.2 μg/ml.最低检测浓度为0.5 mg/m3(以采集602空气样品计).线性范围为1.2～32μg/ml,相关系数=0.9998.精密度范围2.1％～8.9％,加标回收率92.2％～107.6％,洗脱效率97.1％～101.2％,平均采样效率95.0％.样品室温下可稳定保存7d.结论 本方法各项指标均达到《职业卫生标准制定指南第4部分:工作场所空气中化学物质测定方法》的要求.     

锌原卟啉作为儿童铅中毒筛查的界定值研究

大量的基础研究和流行病学调查表明 ,过量的铅接触能影响儿童的生长发育、听力、神经功能和智力水平。已有研究显示 ,我国儿童血铅水平明显高于发达国家的水平。流行病学调查估算显示 ,我国有约 30 %儿童血铅水平高于美国疾病预防与控制中心 (ＣＤＣ)推荐的儿童铅中毒标准 (血铅浓度≥ 10 0 μｇ Ｌ)。目前 ,测定血铅的经典方法为石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。由于该仪器价格昂贵 ,并要求较高的检测技术 ,用于大规模儿童铅中毒筛查有一定难度。因此 ,寻找一种简便和经济的方法用于铅中毒的筛查是非常必要的。锌原卟啉 (ＺＰＰ)检测仪 ,由于具有价…     

工作场所空气中丙烯酰胺的超高效液相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中丙烯酰胺的超高效液相色谱测定方法 .方法 空气中丙烯酰胺用多孔玻板吸收管采集,样品过滤后经C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测.结果 丙烯酰胺在O.2～10.0?μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999.相对标准偏差为0.6%～0.8%.检出限为0.02μg/ml,最低检出浓度为0.004 mg/m3(以采集45 L样品计).高、中、低3种浓度平均回收率为99.O%.结论 该方法 前处理简单,测定快速灵敏,适用于工作场所空气巾丙烯酰胺的测定.     

血中甲基对硫磷的测定及灌流吸附毒物的清除效率

甲基对硫磷（methyl—parathion）属高毒性农药，大鼠急性经口LD50为14～28mg／kg急性经皮LD50为67mg／kg，在农业上应用十分广泛。该农药中毒在临床上较为常见，对于急性重度患者，只用洗胃、输液和解毒剂等常规治疗效果往往不佳，目前常采用血液灌流的方法进行治疗，血液灌流是血液藉助体外循环，引入装有固体吸附剂的容器中，以吸附清除血中毒物的方法。本文对全血中甲基对硫磷的测定方法及灌流吸附毒物清除效率进行了定量研究，建立了一种简便、快速、准确的血中甲基对硫磷的萃取及气相色谱-火焰光度（GC-FPD）测定方法，并测定了中毒血样经实验室灌流吸附的定量清除率。     

空气中丁二烯的碳管─气相色谱法研究

空气中丁二烯的碳管─气相色谱法研究姚明，闫慧芳，徐伯洪，肖宏瑞我国目前采用的测定丁二烯的方法主要是针对定点监测研制的，即大注射器采样、气相色谱法（ＧＣ）直接分析的方法［１］。由于这种方法只能反映监测点的瞬间浓度，对于个体采样是不适用的。美国ＮＯＩＳＨ...     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

目的 定量研究血液灌流对有机磷农药硫线磷和其解毒药阿托品的吸附作用.方法 模拟临床血液灌流装置,对含硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的血样进行灌流吸附,分别用毛细管气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法测定硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的残留量.结果 吸附剂用量为0.5、1.0和1.5 g,包膜活性炭在灌流2.0 h后硫线磷的清除率均能达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率依次为61.9%、84.9%和88.9%;HA230树脂在灌流1.5 h后硫线磷清除率都达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率也依次高达88.0%、97.2%和98.4%;包膜活性炭灌流3.0h后,硫酸阿托品与硫线磷的比值最高为灌流前的10.1倍,而HA230树脂灌流后,此比值最高为灌流前的6.7倍.结论 包膜活性炭和HA230吸附树脂血液灌流1.5～2.0 h均能清除血中大部分硫线磷,而且均能增加血中硫酸阿托品和硫线磷浓度的比值.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.