苓桂术甘汤中多糖结构组成及其抗氧化活性考察

目的:研究苓桂术甘汤中多糖的结构,包括单糖组成以及官能团检测,并对其抗氧化能力进行评估,为体外生物测定法运用于苓桂术甘汤的质量评价提供基础。方法:利用高效凝胶色谱对全方多糖分子量进行研究;进一步采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)柱前衍生化法及红外光谱扫描分析全方多糖结构组成;采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)及羟基自由基测定全方粗多糖及精多糖的抗氧化能力。结果:全方多糖由单一峰组成,且相对分子质量为3 689 Da,主要由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖组成,摩尔比为6. 85∶1. 00∶109. 21∶1. 04∶21. 82,其中葡萄糖和果糖为主要组成成分;红外结果显示聚糖结构中存在吡喃糖及糖醛酸,并且糖苷键存在2种立体异构(α-糖苷键及β-糖苷键);抗氧化研究发现全方多糖有一定清除DPPH自由基及羟基自由基的能力,粗多糖的活性优于精多糖。进一步采用LC-Q-TOF-MS对粗多糖中的其他成分进行定性分析,提示这与甘草中五环三萜类成分的吸附有关。结论:苓桂术甘汤中多糖及五环三萜类物质均是苓桂术甘汤抗氧化作用的物质基础,利用体外生物测定法测定抗氧化活性可作为全面控制苓桂术甘汤质量的评价指标。     

三棱火针加拔罐治疗腘窝囊肿30例

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of the fire needling with the three-edged needle and the cupping on popliteal cyst.MethodsA total of 60 patients of popliteal cyst were divided into two groups, 30 cases in each one according to the random number table. In the fire needling group, the burnt-red three-edged needle was inserted to the deep layer of the cyst. After the fluid was squeezed out, the cupping was exerted. The treatment was given 1 to 2 times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the western medication group, prednisolone acetate 25 mg was injected in the cyst capsule, once a week, for 4 weeks totally. The effective rate, recurrence rate and Rauschning–Lindgren grading were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsThe total effective rate was 80.0% in the fire needling group and was 83.3% in the western medication group, without statistical significance in comparison (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate was 6.7% in the fire needling group and was 30% in the western medication group. The recurrence rate in the fire needling group was lower than that in the western medication group, indicating the statistical significance (P < 0.05). After treatment, Rauschning–Lindgren grade was different statistically as compared with that before treatment in either group (both P < 0.05). Rauschning–Lindgren grade was distributed in 0 to I in the fire needling group after treatment, which was different significantly as compared with the western medication group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe combined treatment with the fire needling combined with cupping therapy achieves the satisfactory effect on popliteal cyst and the very low recurrence rate and it is easy in operation and deserves to be promoted in primary care.     

环状RNA与肿瘤相关性研究进展

环状RNA(circRNA)是一种新型的具有独特性质的非编码RNA，它不具有5' 端帽子和3' 端尾巴，是以共价键形成的闭合环状分子。circRNA对核酸外切酶具有抵抗性，因此具有一定的稳定性，且在哺乳动物中广泛表达，在不同的组织及发育阶段表达量具有差异性。circRNA因其特殊的性质，成为近几年来的研究热点。目前，已有大量的研究发现circRNA参与细胞衰老、增殖、凋亡、炎症等病理生理过程，在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥着重要的作用。当然，circRNA在肿瘤中的研究也在逐渐起步。众多研究证实，circRNA在肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达量差异显著，且相关circRNA表达量与肿瘤细胞的恶性程度及侵袭性具有相关性。当下，已有多数研究证实了circRNA具有miRNA的反应元件，其可以通过碱基互补配对原则海绵样吸附相关miRNA，从而调控下游基因的表达。尤其在各种肿瘤中，circRNA的海绵样作用机制研究已日益成熟。除此之外，circRNA亦可翻译成蛋白或多肽调控基因的表达。circRNA的作用机制复杂多样，其具体的作用分子机制已成为众多科学研究者的研究方向。circRNA不仅在组织中特异表达，在血浆及外泌体中同样存在，且表达量具有差异性，这进一步证实了circRNA可作为潜在的生物标记物。本文通过查阅大量文献，简要综述了circRNA的生物特征、作用机理及其在各种肿瘤疾病中的研究进展及应用价值。      

铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注预防非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后复发的有效性及对患者生活质量和血清VEGF的影响

目的:观察分析铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注预防非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)术后复发的有效性及对患者生活质量和血清VEGF的影响。方法:选取我院2014年6月～2017年2月收治的124例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗且病理检查确诊为NMIBC的患者进行研究。按照膀胱灌注方式将其分为两组,将铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注治疗的62例患者设为观察组,表柔比星膀胱灌注治疗的62例患者设为对照组。比较观察组和对照组患者复发率、不良反应、生活质量及血清VEGF水平。结果:观察组患者术后随访时间和对照组比较差异无统计学意义[(14.72±4.61)个月vs.(14.68±5.94)个月,P0.05];治疗后0.5、1年观察组患者复发率和对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(3.23%vs.4.84%,6.45%vs.11.29%,P0.05);治疗后1.5、2年观察组患者复发率均明显低于对照组(8.06%vs.20.97%,16.13%vs.30.65%,P0.05)。两组患者不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后1、2年观察组和对照组患者KPS评分均较治疗前明显升高,且治疗后2年观察组和对照组患者KPS评分较治疗后1年均明显升高,同时观察组患者治疗后1年及治疗后2年KPS评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后1、2年观察组和对照组患者血清VEGF均较治疗前明显降低,且治疗后2年观察组和对照组患者血清VEGF较治疗后1年明显降低,同时观察组患者治疗后1、2年血清VEGF均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注治疗NMIBC患者,患者耐受性好,可以有效减少肿瘤的复发与进展,提高治疗的安全性及有效性,改善患者生存质量,降低血清VEGF,延长患者的生存时间。     

中药离子导入联合中药外敷治疗小儿大叶性肺炎

目的观察中药离子导入联合中药外敷治疗对小儿大叶性肺炎的临床疗效。方法将60例大叶性肺炎患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例,2组均予以西医抗炎对症支持治疗,合并细菌感染者,选用第3代头孢霉素静滴(具体药物及剂量根据血象情况和药敏试验结果而定);合并肺炎支原体感染者,阿奇霉素(希舒美)静滴10 mg/(kg·d),1次/d,连续静滴3 d,停药4 d,再静滴3 d。以及中药外敷治疗,药物由大黄、芒硝、炒芥子、炒桃仁组成。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用中药离子导入治疗,中药离子导入仪由北京华医新技术研究所生产,药饼药物组成为石膏、杏仁、麻黄、甘草、儿茶等。以上2组均以7 d为1个疗程,治疗1个疗程后观察临床疗效,并以啰音消失时间进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗组总有效率96.67%,对照组总有效率80%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);治疗组啰音消失时间(5.17±1.60)d短于对照组啰音消失时间(7.57±1.22)d,2组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论中药离子导入联合中药外敷达到疏通经络,清热宣肺,止咳平喘之功。     

电针联合骨质疏松治疗仪对脊髓损伤患者骨代谢指标的影响

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture combined with low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on bone metabolism in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe 60 SCI patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups by means of a random number table. In the control group, 30 patients were treated with osteoporosis treatment apparatus. In the observation group, 30 patients were treated with osteoporosis treatment apparatus and electroacupuncture at the foot-shaoyangacupoints [Yánglíngquán (阳陵泉GB 34) and Xuánzhōng (悬钟GB 39) of both sides].The treatment was applied once a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks.Before and after treatment, the changes of indexes in the two groups, including the bone mineral density (BMD), bone gla-containing protein (BGP), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen type I C-peptide (PICP), and 25‑hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], were observed for comparison.ResultsAfter treatment, in the two groups, the BMD and 25(OH)D indexes of the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward's triangle region were not significantly changed in comparing with those before treatment (P>0.05), while the BGP, ALP, and PICP indexes were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, in the observation group, the BGP and ALP indexes were significantly increased in comparing with those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), whilst the BMD, PICP, and 25(OH)D indexes of the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and wards triangle region, were not significantly different in comparing with the control group (P>0.05).ConclusionThe osteoporosis treatment apparatus can improve bone metabolism in SCI patients, and the curative effect can be enhanced when combined with electroacupuncture at foot-shaoyangacupoints.     

甲状旁腺肃清术对继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的疗效评价

目的:比较甲状旁腺肃清术(PPTX)与传统术式治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)的临床疗效。方法 :对2010年1月至2017年11月期间在我院手术治疗的49例SHPT病人进行回顾性分析,比较PPTX组与传统术式组,甲状旁腺全切除和甲状旁腺全切除加自体甲状旁腺移植的手术效果及发生的手术并发症。结果:两组术后持续性SHPT发生率及复发率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对手术成功病人进行分析,发现PPTX组术后6个月血全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)显著低于传统手术组(P=0.013)。两组病人术后暂时性及持续性低iPTH发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PPTX组钙剂补充量更高(P=0.003),但两组低钙血症程度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PPTX持续降低iPTH的效果更优,相应地病人术后钙剂需求量更高。